Anatomy nke afo. Structure na ọrụ nke mmadụ afo

Human afo - isi esite maka na ịchekwa ahụ nri. Ọ bụrụ na ahụ anaghị nwere ndị dị otú ike, dị ka afo, anyị ga na-eri mgbe nile, ọ bụghị naanị ugboro ole na ole a ụbọchị. Ọ na-pụta ìhè na ngwakọta nke acid, imi na digestive enzymes na enyere ịgbari na sanitize nri anyị mgbe nchekwa.

oké njọ Mmebe

Gịnị bụ afo na ụmụ mmadụ? Nke a mechie, oghere ngwa. Ebe afo na ụmụ mmadụ? Ọ na-emi odude n'okpuru diaphragm na n'aka ekpe nke afo.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ ahụ ndị dị otú ahụ na afo emi odude n'etiti nkọlọ na duodenum.

Afo - ogologo nke eriri afọ tract, nke nwere a mpekere onwa udi. Ya n'ime oyi akwa jupụtara wrinkles, ka anyị mara dị ka wrinkles (ma ọ bụ folds). Ọ bụ ndị a folds ekwe ka ọ na-agbatị dabara n'ime ya akụkụ dị ukwuu nke nri, nke ahụ na-eji nwayọọ na-akpali na digestive usoro.

Na ụdị na ọrụ, ndị mmadụ na afo nwere ike kere n'ime anọ n'akụkụ:

1. The nkọlọ ejikọ afo na a obere ebe a na-akpọ cardia. Ọ bụ a warara, tube-dị ka akụkụ, nke na-aga n'ime wider oghere - aru nke afo. Cardia mejupụtara nke ala esophageal sphincter, nakwa dị ka ìgwè nke muscle anụ ahụ nke contracts na-nri na acid ke afo.

2. gbasara obi iche-aga n'ime ahu nke afo, nke Nleta akụkụ na kasị elu.

3. Dị n'elu domed n'ógbè ahụ a maara dị ka ya na ala.

4. Ebe ahụ bụ pylorus. Nke a na akụkụ ejikọ afo na duodenum na e dere pyloric sphincter nke akara ahụ eruba nke ikpe gbarie nri (chyme) si afo na n'ime duodenum.

Microscope mmewere nke afo

Microscope analysis na-egosi Ọdịdị nke afo, e mere ya nke ọtụtụ iche iche n'ígwé nke anụ ahụ: ndị mucosa, submucosa, na muscle serous.

mucosa

The n'ime oyi akwa na-emi esịnede kpamkpam nke gastric mucosa bụ a dị mfe epithelial anụ ahụ na a plurality nke exocrine mkpụrụ ndụ. Obere pores na-akpọ gastric olulu nwere ọtụtụ exocrine mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-amị digestive enzymes na hydrochloric acid ke afo. Mucous mkpụrụ ndụ dị ofụri mucosa na gastric olulu, secrete imi iji chebe afo si ya digestive secretions. N'ihi na omimi nke olulu gastric mucosa nwere ike thicken, nke bụ bụghị mucosa nke ndị ọzọ na akụkụ nke eriri afọ tract.

Omimi nke mucosa bụ a mkpa oyi akwa nke ezigbo muscle - na muscle efere. Na ọ Nleta wrinkles na enwekwu na kọntaktị na mucosa nke afo ọdịnaya.

Gburugburu mucosa nwere ọzọ oyi akwa - submucosa. Ọ mejupụtara connective anụ ahụ, ọbara arịa na irighiri akwara. Connective anụ ahụ na-akwado mucosal Ọdịdị na jikọọ na ya na muscle oyi akwa. Submucosal ọbara esenyịn ana achi achi na ọkọnọ nke nri mgbidi nke afo. Ụjọ anụ ahụ na submucosa nke afo ọdịnaya nke njikwa na ejisie ire ụtọ muscle na secretion nke digestive bekee.

muscular oyi akwa

The muscle oyi akwa nke afo submucosa daputara na ọzọ bụ nke a na afo uka. Muscular efere esịnede 3 n'ígwé nke ezigbo muscle anụ ahụ. Ndị a n'ígwé nke ezigbo muscle enye ohere afo nkwekọrịta, mix nri na-akpali ya site na digestive tract.

serosa

The mpụta oyi akwa nke afo, gbara ya gburugburu muscle anụ ahụ a na-akpọ serosa, nke ka nke mfe squamous epithelium na omume rụrụ connective anụ ahụ. Serous oyi akwa nwere a ezigbo, na-amị amị elu ma releases mmiri mmiri, mmiri nzuzo, mara dị ka serous ọmụmụ. Ezigbo, udu mmiri elu nke serous akpụkpọ ahụ na-enyere aka chebe afo si esemokwu n'oge ya mgbe nile mgbasa na mkpi.

Mmebe nke mmadụ afo bụ ugbu a ọzọ ma ọ bụ na-erughị doro anya. All na akọwara n'elu, tụlee a obere ka e mesịrị na ihe osise. Ma mbụ, anyị ga-aghọta, ihe bụ ọrụ nke ụmụ mmadụ na afo.

nchekwa

Na ọnụ anyị na-ata na moisturizing nri siri ike ruo mgbe ọ na-aghọ a homogeneous uka na-enwe udi nke a obere bọl. Mgbe anyị na ingest ọ bụla bọl, o ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aga site na nkọlọ na afo, nke a na-echekwara na ndị fọdụrụ nke nri òkè.

Olu nke mmadụ afo dịgasị, ma na nkezi ọ bụ ike nwere 1-2 lita mmiri mmiri na nri na-enyere aka na mgbaze. Mgbe afo na-agbatị a ọtụtụ ihe oriri, ọ nwere ike na-echekwa ruo 3-4 lita. Distended afo eme mgbaze siri ike. Ebe ọ bụ na uji eze ike mfe a ga-ebelata ka mix nri n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ na-eduga a mmetụta nke erughị ala. Olu nke mmadụ afo na-adaberekwa na afọ na ọnọdụ nke ahu.

Mgbe gastric oghere e jupụtara na nri, ọ na-nọ ọzọ 1-2 awa. N'oge a, afo gara n'ihu na-digestive usoro, nke malitere na ọnụ na-enye ohere eriri afọ, pancreas, ńsí eriri afo na imeju na malitere ịkwadebe rụchaa usoro.

Ná ngwụsị nke afo pyloric sphincter nachi ije nke nri eriri afọ. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ na-emekarị na-emechi na-nri, kewapụrụ iche nke afo. Ozugbo chyme njikere ịhapụ afo, ndị pyloric sphincter emepe na-ekwe ka a obere ego nke undigested nri ruo n'ime duodenum. N'ime 1-2 awa, nke a na-ugboro ugboro ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ruo mgbe, ruo mgbe dum gbarie nri doo afo. The ngwa ngwa ijeụkwụ ntọhapụ nke chyme aka-amalite irekasị ya n'ime ya mmiri na jirichaa mgbaze na absorption nke nri na gootu.

secretion

Afo arụpụta na-ekwusi a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dị mkpa bekee ịchịkwa nri mgbaze. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha mere exocrine ma ọ bụ endocrine mkpụrụ ndụ na mucosa.

Gastric exocrine isi ngwaahịa bụ gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ - a ngwakọta nke imi, hydrochloric acid na digestive enzymes. Gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ na-agwakọta ya na nri na afo na enyemaka mgbaze.

Pụrụ iche exocrine mucosal mkpụrụ ndụ - mucous mkpụrụ ndụ imi echekwara na folds na gastric olulu. Nke a imi gbatịrị site a mucosal elu, ikpuchi lining nke afo oké, eguzogide ọgwụ acid na enzyme mgbochi. Gastric imi bụkwa ọgaranya bicarbonate ion nke neutralize onye Onyenwe anyị +-akpata nke gastric acid.

Parietal sel ke gastric olulu, amị ihe abụọ dị mkpa Efrata: intrinsic akpata na hydrochloric acid. Bụrụ na-akpata bụ a glycoprotein nke ejikọ na vitamin B12 na afo ma na-enyere ya na-etinye obi gị dum site na obere eriri afọ. Vitamin B12 bụ ihe dị oké mkpa Nri maka guzobe erythrocytes.

The acid na mmadụ afo echebe anyị ahu site na-egbu pathogenic bacteria na nọ na nri. Ọ na-enyere gbara na-edozi, na-enwogha ha n'ime a zuru ezu n'ụdị na mfe aka enzymes. Pepsin - na enzyme gbarie protein bụ naanị ọrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke hydrochloric acid ke afo.

Primary mkpụrụ ndụ na-na-achọta na gastric olulu na-emepụta abụọ digestive enzyme: pepsinogen na gastric lipase. Pepsinogen tupu molekul bụ nnọọ ike, a protein gbarie enzyme - pepsin. Ebe ọ bụ na pepsin gaara ebibi isi mkpụrụ ndụ na-emepụta ya na otu, o zoro n'ụdị pepsinogen, nke adịghị ize ndụ. Mgbe pepsinogen na-kpọtụụrụ na ihe acidic onye Onyenwe anyị +-akpata, nke a na ẹdude ke gastric acid, ọ na-agbanwe na udi ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike pepsin enzyme na-atọghata na-edozi n'ime amino asịd.

Gastric lipase bụ enzyme nke digests abụba, wepụ ọdụdụ acid si triglyceride ụmụ irighiri.

G-mkpụrụ ndụ nke afo - endocrine mkpụrụ ndụ dị na isi nke gastric olulu. G-mkpụrụ ndụ na-emepụta ihe hormone gastrin n'ime n'ọbara omume ọtụtụ stimuli, dị ka n'ókè site vagus akwara, ọnụnọ nke amino asịd na afo nke gbarie-edozi ma ọ bụ ndinyanade mbịne afo mgbidi-eri nri. Gastrin aga site n'ọbara dị iche iche ihe nnabata na mkpụrụ ndụ na gburugburu afo, ma ya isi ọrụ - na-akpali ndị prostate na afo mọzụlụ. Mmetụta na cancer gastrin-eduga onye na-abawanye na gastric acid secretion, nke mma mgbaze. Gastrin mmetuta nke ezigbo muscle na-eme ka ike contractions nke afo na mmeghe nke pyloric sphincter ịkwaga-oriri n'ime-duodenum. Gastrin nwekwara ike imelite mkpụrụ ndụ na pancreas na ńsí eriri afo, ebe ọ na-enwekwu ndị secretion nke ihe ọṅụṅụ na bile.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na mmadụ afo enzymes ịrụ a dị nnọọ mkpa ọrụ mgbaze.

mgbaze

Mgbaze ke afo nwere ike kere gaa n'òtù abụọ: n'ibu na chemical mgbaze. Mechanical mgbaze - bụghị nanị anụ ahụ nkewa nke nri uka n'ime nta iberibe, na chemical - akakabarede nke ibu ụmụ irighiri n'ime nta ụmụ irighiri.

• Mechanical mgbaze bụ n'ihi na Ịgwakọta edinam nke afo mgbidi. Ya ezigbo uru nkwekọrịta, otú akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ihe oriri na-agwakọta gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ, nke na-apụta guzobere a oké mmiri mmiri - chyme.

• Ọ bụ ezie na nri na ahụ weere na gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ, enzymes ugbu nime ya, na ya rapara n'aru nnukwu ụmụ irighiri n'ime nta subunits-ya nile. Gastric lipase mgbari abụba triglycerides n'ime ọdụdụ asịd na diglycerides. Pepsin etịbede edozi n'ime nta amino asịd. Chemical decomposition, malitere na afo, anaghị akwụsị elu dị ka ogologo dị ka chyme adịghị ada n'ime eriri afọ.

Ma ọrụ nke afo nke mmadụ na-ejedebeghị na mgbaze.

homonụ

Arụ Ọrụ nke afo bụ n'okpuru nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke homonụ na-achịkwa mmepụta nke afo acid na ntọhapụ nke oriri n'ime-duodenum.

• Gastrin ka nke G-mkpụrụ ndụ nke afo, enwekwu ya ọrụ site na-akpali akpali na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ na-emepụta, muscle mkpi na nsị nke afo site na pyloric sphincter.

• Cholecystokinin (CCK) a rụrụ duodenal mucosa. Bụ a hormone na slows nsị nke afo site na mbenata na pyloric sphincter. CCK tọhapụrụ omume a nri ọgaranya protein na abụba, ọ bụ nnọọ ike mgbari site ahụ. FCS enye ohere nri na afo ogologo-echekwara maka ihe ọma mgbaze na-enye oge na pancreas na ńsí eriri afo nyak bile na enzymes na mma mgbaze na duodenum.

• Secretin - ọzọ hormone emepụta site na duodenal mucosa, ọ emegharị na acidity nke chyme abịa site afo n'ime eriri afọ. Secretin ọbara-agabiga afo, ebe ọ na slows mmepụta nke gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ exocrine glands mucosa. Secretin akpali mmepụta nke pancreatic ihe ọṅụṅụ na bile, nke nwere bicarbonate ion antacids. Ebumnuche nke secretin bụ nsia-echebe site na-emerụ mmetụta nke acid chyme.

Afo mmadụ: ewu

Chie, anyị na-ama maara na Mmebe na ọrụ nke mmadụ afo. Ka anyị tụlee ụzọ ihe atụ, afo ebe a onye bụ na ihe ọ bụ.

Ọgụgụ 1:

Ihe atụ a na-egosi a mmadụ afo, nke Ọdịdị nwere ike-atụle ihe zuru ezu. E na-akara:

1 - na nkọlọ; 2 - ala esophageal sphincter; 3 - cardia; 4- ahụ afo; 5 - na ala nke afo; 6 - serosa; 7 - a longitudinal oyi akwa; 8 - okirikiri oyi akwa; 9 - oblique oyi akwa; 10 - nke ukwuu curvature; 11 - folds nke mucous akpụkpọ ahụ; 12 - uji eze nke pylorus; 13 - ọwa pylorus; 14 - pyloric sphincter nke afo; 15 - duodenum; 16 - onye nche ọnụ; 17 - na obere curvature.

Ọgụgụ 2:

Na nke a image mmewere ahụ nke afo bụ doro anya na anya. Ọgụgụ akara:

1 - na nkọlọ; 2 - gastric fundus; 3 - aru nke afo; 4 - nnukwu curvature; 5 - oghere; 6 - onye nche ọnụ; 7 - na duodenum; 8 - obere curvature; 9 - cardia; 10 - gastroesophageal nkwụsị.

Ọgụgụ 3:

Ọ na-egosi mmewere nke afo na ọnọdụ nke ya Lymph. Ọgụgụ-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi:

1 - elu ìgwè nke Lymph; 2 - pancreatic ìgwè nke ọnụ; 3 - pyloric otu; 4 - ala otu pyloric ọnụ.

Ọgụgụ 4:

Na nke a image ị pụrụ ịhụ ihe owuwu nke afo mgbidi. E na-akara:

1 - serosa; 2 - a longitudinal muscular oyi akwa; 3 - okirikiri muscle oyi akwa; 4 - mucosa; 5 - a longitudinal muscular oyi akwa nke mucosa; 6 - okirikiri muscular oyi akwa nke mucosa; 7 - glandular mucosal epithelium; 8 - ọbara arịa; 9 - ígwè afo.

Ọgụgụ 5:

N'ezie, na Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ na nke ikpeazụ ọgụgụ bụ anya, ma kpọmkwem ebe nke afo na aru ike-atụle.

Nke a image bụ nnọọ akpali. Ebe a bụghị gosiri mmewere nke mmadụ afọ ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka, ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ya ka nwere ike-atụle. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi na a nrekasi obi, nakwa na mgbe ọ na-eme.

1 - na nkọlọ; 2 - ala esophageal sphincter; 3 - belata afo; 4 - gastric acid, ọnụ na dị na ya na a na-elu n'ime nkọlọ; 5 - a-ere ọkụ mmetụta na obi na akpịrị.

Onwere, na foto na-egosi na ihe na-eme mgbe nrekasi obi na nwetakwuo nkọwa bụ chọrọ.

mmadụ afo, oyiyi nke nke na-adade n'elu, ọ bụ a dị nnọọ mkpa ngwa anyị ahu. Na-enweghị ya, ị nwere ike ndụ, ma nke a na ndụ bụ eleghi anya iji dochie full. Ọ dabara nke ọma, na oge anyị, ị pụrụ izere ọtụtụ nsogbu nanị site n'oge ruo n'oge na-eleta gastroenterologist. Bịara n'Ezi Oge nchoputa nke ọrịa ga-enyere iji ngwa ngwa tufuo ya. Ihe, na-adịghị ikesiike njem na nke dọkịta, na ọ bụrụ na ihe na-ewute, ị kwesịrị ị na ozugbo ezo nsogbu a na ọkachamara.