Andrey Ivanovich Shtakenshneyder - Architect: biography, na-arụ ọrụ na St. Petersburg na Peterhof

Stackenschneider --atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, onye aha ya bụ maara ọtụtụ ndị na Russia na mba ndị ọzọ. N'ihi nke a na nkà nwoke e mere ọtụtụ obí eze, ụlọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ na omenala ncheta nke St. Petersburg na Peterhof. Nke a bụ a dị ịrịba ama nwoke anyị na-akọwa na nke a n'akwụkwọ.

Nwata-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ

A mụrụ Shtakenshneyder Andrey Ivanovich 22 February 1802 na ókèala ndị dike Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Nna nna nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ nwa afọ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu obodo na n'ebe ugwu nke Germany - Braunschweig. Ọ bụ a ma ama ukwu, ike ịmị a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe si ezi anụmanụ na anụ. Na mgbe na ama nke nkà ya ruru Russian Emperor Paul, a kpọrọ ya isi obodo. Mgbe e mechara, nna nna m kpebiri ịnọ na Russia. Ọ lụrụ na a mụrụ nna, Andrei Ivanovich.

Andrew onwe ya a mụrụ na mgbidi ugbo ezinụlọ, ebe mbụ biri ndụ niile ezinụlọ Shtakenshnejdera. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke ya na nwata a obere-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ji na na nkume igwe nri, ebe nna ya na-arụ ọrụ. Mgbe n'ọdịnihu nna ukwu nke afọ 13, e zigara ya na-amụ na Imperial Academy nke Arts. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na eziokwu na ndị pụrụ iche talent na ọ dịghị mgbe gosiri, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, o kwuru na ndị otu ọrụ na haịdrọlik owuwu. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ anyị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Stackenschneider Ọ rụrụ ọrụ a mgbe, na-ejide ọnọdụ nke ndị nkịtị draftsman.

A dịgasị iche iche nke ọkachamara na-eme

Mgbe afọ anọ nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a draftsman anyị dike natara a ọrụ na-enye na-enye n'ihi na nke ọ na a ọrụ ọhụrụ. N'oge a, ọ na-atụ anya ọnọdụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ-na-ese.

Ya mere, o wee na-ewu nke St. Isaac Katidral, edu a pụrụ iche na ọrụ na-ewu. N'ebe a, o iche onwe ya dị ka a nkà atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Stackenschneider e mesịrị hụrụ ọzọ ma ama na-ewu na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Anri Lui Auguste Richard. Ọ bụ ya na-kpọrọ anyị dike na-arụ ọrụ na Winter Obí.

Ndọrọ ego ọrụ na nzuzo na-eme

Ụfọdụ ebe, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Stackenschneider kpebiri na ọ bụ oge na-onwe omume. Ná mmalite 1831, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm si Commission na na obi ụtọ dị ukwuu na-onwe-ewu. Otu n'ime ihe ndị mbụ onwe ọrụ ya bụ imewe nke ducal ụlọ. The ala na ụlọ bụ AH Benkendorf.

Ozugbo anyị dike ịga nke ọma n'ịnagide ọrụ n'ihu ya, Earl gwara banyere ya na eze ukwu. N'ihi ya, nkà atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ a kpọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya ụlọ St. Petersburg. Stackenschneider fọrọ nke nta ozugbo enwetara ọnọdụ nke Nicholas I.

Esiwanye, ọ malitere na-enweta n'otu n'otu iwu si eze ukwu. Na mgbe oge ụfọdụ ọ ghọrọ fọrọ naanị-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-atụkwasị obi na-ewu bụghị naanị a nnukwu ala na ụlọ, ma-isi, n'obí eze. Na otú ọ bụ nri ruo ọnwụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge na e mere eze onwunwe na ihe ùgwù mmadụ, natara asọpụrụ aha nke onye-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Ya Ịdị ukwuu n'obí.

First award na ọmụmụ ná mba ọzọ

Ọ bụrụ na ị kwere na ozi si biography, Stackenschneider mbụ nweela ude na 1834. N'oge ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na oru ngo "a obere n'obí eze ukwu ahụ," bụ nke natara ekwe aha academician.

Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nke a, anyị dike chere na o adịtụghị ahụmahụ. N'otu oge ahụ o jisiri inweta nkwado nke eze ukwu, na si kwuo Onyinye gaa ná mba ọzọ na-amụ. Ya mere, ọ gara England, France na Italy. Na ebe ahụ si na-anọchite anya nke St. Petersburg Academy nke Arts natara asọpụrụ aha nke prọfesọ nke abụọ n'ókè.

Arụ ọrụ na Mariinsky Obí

N'oge ndụ ya Andrey e mere na wuru ụlọ ná mgbanwe nke mgbagwoju. Ọ bụ ike gaa Moscow, na Crimea, St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Taganrog, Peterhof na ọbụna Tsarskoye Selo. Ke kpukpru mme itie Ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ. Nkatọ na-ukwuu toro ọrụ ya na-arụ ụka banyere atụmatụ na ike n'otu oge kwuo uche style. Otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ebube ụlọ na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ ike mgbe ọ bụla na-ewu, bụ Mariinsky Obí.

Nke a ụlọ, emi odude ke mara mma St. Aịzik Square, anyị dike e mere na 1839. The ewu nke n'obí e dechara na 1844. On ihe ụlọ na obí eze wuru Stackenschneider e wezụga a Ọdịdị, nke bụ ugbu a na obibi nke St. Petersburg Legislative Assembly, anyị na-akọwa n'okpuru.

Ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche na ọrụ nke oké na-ede akwụkwọ

N'ihi ya ajụ uche na a oké pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche, anyị dike kere Beloselsky-Belozersky Obí na St. Petersburg. Cheta na ihe a bụ a pụrụ iche ụlọ ke neo-Baroque style, e wuru n'agbata 1846 na 1848.

N'etiti ọtụtụ ọrụ nke ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nwere ike hụrụ abụghị naanị obí eze, ma ụmụaka n'ụlọ ọgwụ, uka, okpomọkụ obibi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ka ihe atụ, ná mmalite nke 1835 na ọ yie na ahụ wuru a onwe Amọraịt mara film omee Zhenesa. Kpọmkwem otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, anyị na dike-arụ ọrụ na-ewu nke suburban ebe maka Alyona Zvantsova. Na na 1834, ọ na-ewughachi obodo ụlọ MI Mordvinova.

Ọwọrọiso ụlọ ke Peterhof

Peterhof obi ma na obodo ya ghọ oké ebe n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke anyị ukwu. Lee, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na a plan nke ebube landscaped ogige: ahịhịa na Kolonistskogo.

Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-eche banyere ụfọdụ ọcha nke ogige Kolonistskogo iche iche. N'ihi ya, anyị na-ede akwụkwọ nwere osise abụọ pavilions: Holguin na Caricino. -Akpali mmasị, Holguin ulo-ǹdò-e kere site na iji nke Emperor Nicholas m na nsọpụrụ nke nwa ya nwaanyị. Aha ya bụ Olga. The nnọọ ewu nke ụlọ elu dị ka a Neapolitan, ikpe protruding si ntọala ya ndị nwere n'okpuru mmiri.

Caricino otu ulo-ǹdò-e wuru nditịm dị ka arịrịọ nwunye Emperor Alexandra Feodorovna. Ya eyi ịrịba ama ndị ọ bụ ihe dị ka a agadi Rom oge ochie ụlọ, kama na ndị oge gboo na-ewu nke Nicholas I.

Ebube pavilions dị iche iche ogige

Andrey nhazi na abụọ ndị ọzọ pavilions na sinik Lugovoy Park. Otu n'ime ha - Pink Pavilion, ma ọ bụ "Ozerki". Dị ka ndị na-akatọ, ọ bụ Central mejupụtara nke dum nsoro. Ya na-ewu malitere na 1845-m, na biri - na 1848. Nke abụọ - na Belvedere, bụ a abụọ-storey ụlọ wuru nke pụtara oke konkiri blocks.

Ná mmalite nke 1727, anyị dike malitere na-ewu nke n'obí park ensemble na ya dacha Emperor Peter II. Mgbe ahụ Nsọ Atọ n'Ime Otu Church e wuru n'okpuru nduzi nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, eze, orangery na a ụlọ na-elekọta ubi na n'obí park ensemble nke XIX narị afọ. Next bụ a n'obí ke Znamenka, Farm Obí na Lion cascade. A na-eju owuwu anyị na-akọwa n'okpuru.

Unique ogbo na n'obí park ensemble nke Peterhof

N'oge imewe nke Lower Park ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ji ụkpụrụ nke na-eke a cascading isi-iyi. E kweere na, n'ụzọ dị otú a, ulo-a na-wuru n'ime ogige, ọ ga-complemented a ikpọ ebe nke anụ ọhịa. Na nke a, na mbụ na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo a maara nke ọma Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Nikolo Miketti. Ma ya echiche imechi cascade mgbanaka n'ime hermitage uzo warawara na bụghị e etinye.

N'agbata afọ 1854-1857 ngo ogbo e kpamkpam redesigned. Nke a oge ntọala ya were ngo Ai Shtakenshnejdera. Dị ka mbido data, ọ na-chere ọkpụrụkpụ abawanye mbụ ọdọ mmiri size na-agbakwụnye na ogidi 14, elu nke ọ bụla nke bụ 8 m.

N'etiti ogidi 12 nwekwara arụnyere peculiar marble ọkwá. Site ochie ji achọ ọcha na-ede akwụkwọ kpebiri ịhapụ mascarones (na-atọ ọchị oyiyi nke mythical anụmanụ) na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọdụm, nke si n'ọnụ nke ileghara mmiri ugboelu. Ke n'etiti a kọlụm oyiyi arụsị sported mgbakọ "Nymph Aganipa". Onye ọ bụla nke hụrụ nke a ogbo, ọ kọwara ya dị ka ihe na incredibly mara mma, aka n'otu oge ahụ dị egwu.

A okwu ole na ole banyere ndụ onwe onye nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ

Emergency-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ egbochighị ya na ya guzosie ike ndụ onwe onye. Ebe elu nke ya meteoric ọrụ, na-ede akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ ọrụ zutere nwaanyị, nke ozugbo Isaac. Ọ bụ Maria Fedorovna Halchinskaya.

Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, mgbe biri na di na nwunye nwere 8 ụmụ. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ha niile, ma e wezụga n'ihi na keobere Zenaida, bụ onye nwụrụ na nwata, ghọrọ maara nke ọma mmadụ. Ka ihe atụ,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Elena nwa n'oge ya jupụtara n'ọgba aghara na-eto eto malitere ide ya memoirs. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ meghere a edemede Mmanya. Ọkpara nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Nikolai ogologo oge biri Petersburg. Ọ na-enwe mmasị ise, bụ ụtọ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ art, na ọbụna wuru a n'ụlọ na Kharkiv.

Nwa nwoke ọzọ nke Andrei Ivanovich Alexander gụsịrị nkiri ọmụmụ na ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kacha amasị nka nke Imperial Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Otú ọ dị, ndị dị otú ahụ a nkà onye dị ka Stackenschneider, e nwere ụmụaka ndị ọzọ na-adịghị etinye ndụ ya art.

Ka ihe atụ, dị nnọọ nke a bu nwa-ya Adrian. Mgbe m gụsịrị, ọ gara na-arụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nke Sineti. A obere ka e mesịrị, ọ kwagara Kiev, ebiwo ruo ọtụtụ afọ na Odessa, ebe ọ we duru Court nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi. Ọkpara Vladimir nwekwara nọrọ iwu. Nwa Maria na Olga ọma di na nwunye, we biri ná mba ọzọ.

Memory ga-adị ndụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi

Andrei Ivanovich dịwo anya nwụrụ anwụ. Ọ nwụrụ ná mmalite nke August 1865. Mgbe oge nke ọnwụ nke ya afọ 63. Ebe nchekwa nke ya na-adịgide ndụ n'ime obi na uche anyị ụmụ amaala ibe. Na ya dị ebube e kere eke ga-anọgide na-atọ ndị njem nleta na obodo.