Battle Poltavskoe (nkenke). The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Agha nke Poltava

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1708 na Swedish agha n'okpuru iwu nke King Charles XII wakporo Russia. The Russian ọnụego, ọ dịghị ihe a maara banyere atụmatụ nke mkpọsa direction nke Charles. Ma eleghị anya, ọ ga-akwụsị si n'elu uwa St. Petersburg na-emeri indigenously Russian ala. Ma eleghị anya, ọ na-aga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na site akada Moscow, ga-ahụ na-agwa okwu nke udo.

Peter ka ogologo-anwa ime ka udo na ugwu agbata obi. Ma Karl Xii oge ọ bụla jụrụ awade Emperor, na-achọ inwere ibibi Russia dị ka a mba ma kee ya n'ime obere nọ n'okpuru ihe gbasara onye isi. N'oge mkpọsa ahụ, Karl Xii gbanwere atụmatụ ya, na-edu ndị agha ya ka Ukraine. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-echere maka Hetman Mazepa, aghụghọ rara ya nye Russia na kpebiri-arụkọ ọrụ na Swedes. N'okpuru ebe a na-akụkọ nke agha Poltava ga-ọkọnọ.

Okporo ụzọ na Moscow

The Swedish agha na-akpụ akpụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na, na Russian ichighaazu, na ụzọ-ewepụ anụ ụlọ, na-ebibi ndokwa na nri na ndokwa Zaseki na gbochie ije nke onye iro. Peter kweere na ọ dị mkpa ka oge na oge nke bụrụkwa agha, na-agbalị ka na-eyi ala agha bụ ndị iro. Ma nkukota mere. Ọ biri na mmeri maka Russian. Pita ji ya maka izi nzube. Na na ikpeazụ ịga nke ọma nke Swedes na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị ndị Great Northern War.

Omiiko na-aghọgbu eze, n'ihi na nke agha bụ ọzọ na-akpali karịa bọọlụ, na ụda nke ogbunigwe na-asụ ude nke onye emeruru aru ndidi music ya, abụghị gị wuru na ihe ịga nke ọma, na-ekpekwa Mogilev. O cheere ruo otu ọnwa maka reinforcements. Ma, ọ nọ na-egbu oge. Ebe ha anatagh convoy na fodder, nri, ntụ ntụ, uniforms, nakwa dị ka iji nke 16 puku ndị mmadụ, Karl Xii gara Smolensk. Nso obodo nke Good bụ a na-alụ nke Swedes ahụhụ weere nke 1-2 puku ndị mmadụ, na Russian, ha ugboro iri obere. Peter bụ obi ụtọ ka a na nwa magburu onwe nkà nke Russian agha.

The ije na ndịda

Smolensk Swedes inikiet inikiet gbanwere direction, na Pita bịara mara na ya bụ a welcome mkwado. Russian wakpoo ya. The N'ihi nke ruo ogologo oge agha na swamps na marshes bụ ọnwụ nke Swedish agha 8000 agha, na niile na-ezuru, nke chupuru na convoy. Peter toro uru nke mbụ nnukwu mmeri - ya tupu agha nke Poltava. Na Karl, kama a nnukwu agha natara 6700 ragamuffins, kpamkpam demoralized. Ọnwụ nke ahu na ibu Carl nwere ikike awụgharị. Ọ nwere ike na-aga n'ebe ugwu weghara Petersburg, ike n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - kụrie Moscow. Ukraine bụ atọ direction. Na na ọgwụgwụ, Carl ike ịkwụsị ịkpọ na akara aka na-eji nwayọọ ka ịlaghachi na ala ya, ebe ọ na-abịa akpọghị akpọ ọbịa. Charles bụ agbahapụ adịghị bu n'obi, ọ ga-apụta ọnwụ nke ebube nke oké ọchịagha. Ya mere, tupu ọ na meghere dị nnọọ elu ụzọ ndịda Mazepa. Fọrọ nke nta a afọ nọgidere ruo mgbe bibie, nke ọ ga-ewetara ndị agha nke Poltava.

Mazeppa

Sli Hetman jisiri ingratiate onwe ya nke ukwuu na Menshikov na Peter. All ndị na-akọ na o nwere a aghụghọ agbatị na Poland na Sweden, ọ dịghị onye nyochaworo nke ọma. Ọzọkwa, ha na-ata ahụhụ ruo ogbugbu nke ndị nwere obi ike na-ekwu eziokwu, na-ehota ọtụtụ ihe àmà. Na mgbe Mazepa gbagara Buchanan ma chere ka Charles na ndị agha ya na ndokwa, mgbe ahụ, Pita na ọ bụ nnukwu ihe otiti. Ma, ọ nọ na-kwetara na Russian agha weghaara Buchanan tupu ya abịa ya Charles. Anyị nwere ọsọ ọsọ. Account bụ ọbụna na ụbọchị na elekere. Menshikov, dị ka mgbe niile, bụ ndị dị n'ihu.

Ya squad were iwe ọkụ Baturin. Menshikov me ihe niile m nwere ike ime. Ndị fọdụrụ bụ naanị ọkụ. Na-eru nso n'ekwú, ndị Swedes ga-esi ihe nri na nri nke kwere nkwa Mazepa. Na 30000th agha, nke o kwere nkwa na eze, Mazepa bụ. Ọ na-esonyere a obere detachment nke Cossacks, onye ọ araba ya onwe ya, na-ekwe nkwa na ha ga-alụ ọgụ na onye-iro. (Ma ọ bụ ka a agha nke Poltava, ọ chọrọ ike, nke a na-now-efu.)

Winter na Ukraine

Oyi bụ nnọọ aka ike. Swedish eze agha dị mkpa nke na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge oyi ebe na nọgidere na nri na oriri maka ịnyịnya. Kama, ọ gbara ya gburugburu agha Russia oge nsogbu. Obodo ndị na-adịghị achọ ka ike weghaara Katọlik, gbakọtara na okpuru iche iche na-adịghị enye ọzọ na Swedes. Olee otú ndị Swedes haziri ghe oghe ụlọikwuu kasị ilu oyi. Army na ejeghari steppes, na-agbalị ịchọta ebe obibi, nri na ike. Obodo ọ bụla, ha zutere na-aga n'ụzọ, ọ dị mkpa ka ha gaa lụso, ịba weere, mgbe mgbe, gbara ọkpụrụkpụ. The agha gbazee pụọ. Na na April 1709 dọtara uche nke Charles Poltava. Ọ pụghị iche na ga-eme ka agha Poltava!

Poltava

Ọ bụ a ụzọ ebe. Ọ bụ ike mfe jikọọ na Crimea Khanate na-esi reinforcements. Ọ maara na Karl na Peter. Na Poltava, nke e na-echebe site na oak mgbidi, emi odude Russian agha. Ya nọmba ndị mkpari - 4200 mmadụ. Charles bịakwutere ya na ndị agha nke 35 000 ndị. Kwesịrị ịdị, o yiri ka ọ nọ na ọ ga-adị mfe inweta a obere ebe e wusiri ike. Na April, mgbalị ndị dị n'okpuru wakpo na ebe ewusiri ike.

Ha ugboro abụọ okpu. Swedes-eche echiche ma kpebie na-amalite a nọchibidoro. Ma enyemaka ama ọsọ ọsọ Poltava obere Russian agha - 7000 ikom n'okpuru iwu K. E. Renne. Nnọchibido site Swedes na Poltava mgbagwoju anya site eziokwu na ọ e kenyere na-edu Cossacks. Ha na-amanye na-eduzi gwupụtatụrụla na-ekpo ọkụ Cossacks chere na ọ maka onwe gị na mmechuihu. Ke adianade do, Swedes enweghị ngwá agha maka nnọchibido. Na agha na ndi bi na a obere wusiri ike obí eze. Ha enweghị echiche nke ya kwenye na Swedes. Ọ dịghị onye maara na ndị fọdụrụ ọnwa atọ tupu mmalite nke Poltava agha. 1709 ga-aga na anyị akụkọ ihe mere eme, na on July 10 ga-eme ememe dị ka Day nke agha ebube nke Russia.

Na-akwadebe maka agha

Ezie na Russian n'akụkụ na-akwadebe maka otu ihe dị mkpa agha, Poltava heroically gbachiteere. The obodo efehe nkịtị si dị nso na obodo ntà, ma ọ bụghị oriri na-ezuru. Ugbua na May, ndị mmadụ malitere ịnwụ nke agụụ. Ọ kọrọ nuclei, na egbe malitere ikwu na cobblestones. Nguzo emegharị ka ọkụ Swedish osisi ụlọ ite jupụtara esi tar. Poltava anwa anwa ime na Swedish ọgụ. ikpeazụ ọnọdụ bụ egwu. Summer ka kwukwara ọhụrụ na-echegbu. N'ihi okpomọkụ na anụ nwetara ikpuru, ọ ghọrọ ekwesighi maka oriri. The nri siri ike na obere obere. E nweghị nnu. Na merụọ ngwa ngwa mepụtara ure anụ ahụ. Bullets e fere si Russian ekemende n'ala ndú. Na ụbọchị nile akwụsịghị Russian gunfire. The Swedish agha ama gwụrụ, ma Pita chere na ezughị.

Care nke Russian iwu

Russian iwu nke ebe e wusiri ike nyeere iduzi. Nine agha ndị ike ga-esi n'ime agha. Na ha, ebe ewusiri ike pụtara na gunpowder na-edu ndú. Ná mmalite June, edu Boris Sheremetyev dum Russian agha gbakọtara na a wusiri ike mara ụlọikwuu. Mgbe otu n'ime mwakpo nke Russian regiments a tọhapụrụ ihe karịrị otu puku Russian agha n'agha site Swedes. N'oge na-adịghị agha rutere, Pita.

Ọ bụ na n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke osimiri ahụ. Military Council kpebiri-ewu a ugbo, gafere n'akụkụ ebe e Poltava. E mere nke a. Ma na-akpata Russian, dị ka otu ugboro na ndị Kulikovo ubi bụ osimiri. (Agha nke Poltava na 1709 ga-ebe nnọọ anya. Na izu abụọ.)

Na-arụ ọrụ na Russian mara ụlọikwuu

Army ewetara inweta ala. Abụọ flanks gbachiteere oké ọhịa, ahụ n'azụ - a osimiri na àkwà mmiri. Tupu Vanguard agbatị ndagwurugwu. Ọ na-e si n'ebe ahụ, Pita nọ na-eche ka agha nke Swedes. E nọ na-ewu na-echebe owuwu - redoubts. On a ndagwurugwu, na a ga-Agha nke Poltava, nke ga-aga na anyị akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị dị otú ahụ a gbanwere, dị ka Agha nke Ice, Kulikov, na Agha nke Stalingrad.

prelude

Tupu agha, dị nnọọ a di na nwunye nke ụbọchị tupu ya, Karl Xii na ya ọmụmụ unan. Nke a bụ ya, adịghị na-maka afọ nke na-alụ ọgụ a otu ọkọ, waylaid Russian bullet. Ọ kụrụ n'ikiri ụkwụ wee dum ụkwụ, gbajaa ọkpụkpụ. Ọ ka na-agaghị ebelata na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nke eze, na abalị na-na June 27 agha malitere. Ọ na-na-ejide anya-eche Russian. Menshikov ya agha chọpụtara ozugbo na onye iro ije. Swedish bipu ogbunigwe gbara oghere.

Anọ Swedish egbe e nwere ọtụtụ narị n'ime anyị. The kara dị ukwuu. Menshikov ọkụ n'obi na-alụ ọgụ, na-arịọ maka reinforcements. Ma Pita gbochiri ekworo na wepụrụ n'azụ. The Swedes were a nghogbu nke ichighaazu, efehe mgbe ya na n'amaghị ama bịakwutere mara ụlọikwuu egbe. Ha weere ndị oké.

Agha nke Poltava, 1709 nke afọ

Na asatọ nke ụtụtụ, Peter wughachi ndị agha. Ke n'etiti etinye bipu, na ogbunigwe n'agbata nke ekesa evenly. The agha bụ na flanks. Nke a bụ na ọ na - na mmalite nke bụrụkwa agha! Ịchịkọta niile ike ya, Charles tụbara ha center nke ya bipu na ejighị ya kpọrọ enwe. The counterattack Peter onwe ya duru battalion.

Na flanks nke Russian agha bugara. The ogbunigwe akwụsịghị. Swedes, na-ada na idobe ya egbe na a buru ibu, na-amị a ụja yiri daa ka mgbidi. N'okpuru Menshikov gburu ịnyịnya abụọ. Peter gbara a okpu. All ubi Zavoloka anwụrụ ọkụ. Swedes ụjọ gbapụ. Charles ekemende na aka ya, na ọ na-agbalị na-ara ichighaazu. Ma ọ dịghị onye na-ege ntị. Mgbe ahụ, eze nānọdu ahụ e ji ebu efehe aka Dnieper. More na Russia ahụghị ya.

N'ọgbọ agha na e nwere karịa itoolu puku mgbe adawo Swedes. Anyị weere dịrị ntakịrị karịa otu puku. The mmeri bụ mkpokọta na-adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ.

mkpagbu

The remnants nke Swedish agha, na ọ bụ 16 000 ndị, na-esote ụbọchị a kwụsịrị na nyefere ndị mmeri. The agha na idi-ike nke Swedes rue ebighi ebi maa jijiji.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekwu na nke ahụ bụ Agha nke Poltava, na nkenke, ọ nwere ike ikwu na otu onye okwu na - a mmeri na elu uche nke Russia na Western mba. The mba abịa a ogologo ụzọ si Russia na Russia, na dechara ya na ubi nke Poltava. Ya mere anyị ga-echeta ihe n'afọ Agha nke Poltava - onye nke anọ kasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị.