Bifurcation ebe - a mgbanwe ke otu ebe na steeti ọrụ nke usoro

Modern na nkà mmụta sayensị na-ewu ewu na dị nnọọ a na-ewu ewu e ji amụ na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ "Synergy", "ọgba aghara ozizi" na "bifurcation mgbe". Nke a ọhụrụ omume nke iji populist ozizi mgbagwoju usoro bụ mgbe a dochie anya Ntụpụta elo na Contextual ihe nkọwa. Gbalịa ọrụaka ma na-agbagwoju anya, ma ka nso na nkà mmụta sayensị mmasị nke onye na-agụ dokwuo anya pụtara na nke kachasi mkpa n'ime ndị a echiche.

Science na onwe-ahazi usoro

Interdisciplinary ozizi, ịgagharị ihe nakawa etu esi na mgbagwoju usoro nke ụdị ọ bụla - ọ bụ Synergy. bifurcation ebe dị ka mgbanwe ma ọ bụ oge nke nhọrọ - na isi echiche na ozizi mgbagwoju usoro. Synergetic mgbagwoju usoro na-agụnye echiche nke openness (mgbanwe nke umi, ike, na gburugburu ebe obibi ozi) nke nonlinearity (ọnụnọ nke a plurality ụzọ) dissipative (tọgharịa ngafe entropy) na-enye ala nke bifurcation (họrọ ma ọ bụ nsogbu ebe). Synergetic Ozizi-emetụta niile usoro ebe anọgidesi na mgbanwe mberede, evolving na oge - ndu, na-elekọta mmadụ, akụ na ụba, nke anụ ahụ.

inyinya-ibu Buridan

Common Usoro - kọwaa mgbagwoju anya dị mfe ihe atụ. Classic atụ akọwa ala nke usoro, na-eru nso n'ókè nke bifurcation, bụ ihe atụ nke a maara nke ọma mgbagha XIV narị afọ Jean Buridan inyinya-ibu, nna ya ukwu na ọkà ihe ọmụma. Mbụ bụ nsogbu ha. Bụ isiokwu nke oke - abụọ n'ùkwù n'ùkwù nke hay. E nwere ihe na-emeghe usoro - inyinya-ibu, onye bụ na otu anya si ma haystacks. Ekiri - nwe inyinya-ibu, na a ọkà ihe ọmụma. Ajụjụ - ụdị ihe ole na ole nke hay họrọ ass? Na Buridan n'ilu nke ụbọchị atọ ndị mmadụ na-ekiri a inyinya-ibu na-apụghị ime ka a oke, dị ka ogologo oge dị ka onye nwe anaghị etinye ọnụ a obo. Na ọ dịghị onye nwụrụ nke agụụ.

bifurcation echiche na-emeso ọnọdụ ka na. The njedebe nke ilu omitted, anyị ga-elekwasị anya na ọnọdụ nke oke n'etiti ịha akpọkwa. N'oge a, ọ bụla mgbanwe pụrụ iduga a mgbanwe kwupụta a ọnọdụ nke onye nke ihe (atụ, a ibu ede, teta, mesịrị bụrụ nso otu n'ime ikpo hay). The Synergy nke inyinya-ibu - a mgbagwoju emeghe usoro. bifurcation ebe - a steeti ịha ass tupu plan. Na-agbanwe agbanwe ọnọdụ - perturbation (mmajijiji) nke usoro. A abụọ haystacks - attractors, na steeti nke usoro ga-abịa mgbe Itie nke bifurcation uche na iru a ọhụrụ ịha.

Atọ isi bifurcation ebe

System Status eru nso bifurcation mgbe, e ji atọ isi mmiri: a mgbaji ọkpụkpụ, na nhọrọ na ịtụ. Tupu bifurcation mgbe usoro na-anọgide na attractor (onwunwe e ji mara mgbe nkwụsi ike nke usoro). Mgbe bifurcation mgbe usoro e ji fluctuations (n'ọgba aghara, fluctuations parameters) na-eme ka qualitative na quantitative mberede mgbanwe na usoro na a họọrọ nke a ọhụrụ attractor, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe na a ọhụrụ anụ ala. The multiplicity nke kwere omume attractors na nnukwu ọrụ nke ohere na-emeghe mnogovariativnost nzukọ.

Math akọwa bifurcation uche na ya agafe n'ụzọ na mgbagwoju usoro esi arụmarụ na set of parameters na fluctuations.

Na-ejighị n'aka bifurcation ebe

Nke a ala nke usoro ịhọrọ, na a crossroads, na n'ókè nke divergence nke multiple oke na nhọrọ maka mmepe. The etiti oge n'etiti bifurcations linear usoro omume prediktebul, na ya kpebisiri ike site random ihe na ihe nakawa etu esi. Ma mgbe bifurcation ebe ọrụ nke randomness-abịa si n'elu, na a obere mmajijiji ke "input" na-aghọ nnukwu na "mmepụta". Na bifurcation ihe usoro omume na-ejighị n'aka, na ihe ọ bụla na mberede ga-akpali ya a ọhụrụ attractor. Ọ bụ dị ka a cheesi egwuregwu na-enwe ọganihu - mgbe o nwere a ọtụtụ nhọrọ maka mmepe nke ihe.

Gaa nri - ịnyịnya ga-atụfu ...

Crossroads Road na Russian akụkọ ifo - a nnọọ na-egbuke egbuke image na a nhọrọ nke na-amaghị ama na ụdi ala nke usoro. Dị ka anyị na-agakwuru ndị bifurcation mgbe usoro dị ka na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ndị kasị nta na mmajijiji nwere ike ime ka a dị ọhụrụ nzukọ iwu mmajijiji. Na n'ebe a ịkọ mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nso nke usoro-agaghị ekwe omume. Nke a bụ otú ndị Synergy nnọọ obere na-akpata-enye ịrị elu nnukwu pụta, na-emeghe na-emebi emebi udo nke niile na usoro - si n'eluigwe na ụwa iji họrọ Buridan inyinya-ibu.

The urukurubụba mmetụta

usoro-abịa ịtụ site mmajijiji, e guzobere ihe ejighị n'aka ụwa dabere nwetụrụ mberede mgbanwe ahụ, atụ nke "na-urukurubụba mmetụta" na-apụta ìhè. Meteorologist mgbakọ na mwepụ Edward Lorenz synergist (1917-2008) kọwara usoro uche na obere mgbanwe. Nke a image nke ya, na otu onye ọrịa strok nke a urukurubụba na nku na Iowa nwere ike ime ka nnukwu dị iche iche Filiks na-agba ọsọ na ezo oge na Indonesia. Doro anya image ozugbo ẹmende site dere, ide bụghị a akwụkwọ na multiplicity nke ihe. Popularization nke ihe ọmụma a na mpaghara - bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi Hollywood director Eric Bress ya grossing film "The Butterfly Mmetụta."

Bifurcations na ọdachi

Bifurcation nwere ike juu na ike. Ọ na atụmatụ soft bifurcations - bụ obere iche dị na usoro mgbe agafe bifurcation ebe. Mgbe attractor bụ ịrịba dị iche na nke ịdị adị nke usoro, anyị na-ekwu na bifurcation ebe - ọ bụ ọdachi. The mbụ ịme dị otú ahụ a echiche na French ọkà mmụta sayensị Rene Federico Tom (1923-2002). Ọ bụ ya bụ akwụkwọ na ọdachi ozizi dị ka bifurcations usoro. Ya asaa elementrị ọdachi-akpali nnọọ mmasị aha: n'ogige atụrụ mgbakọ, ọdụ eloda, urukurubụba, hyperbolic, elliptic na parabolic umbilic.

Applied synergetics

Synergetics na bifurcation Ozizi bụghị otú nnọọ anya n'ebe ndụ kwa ụbọchị, dị ka ọ pụrụ iyi. Na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ a onye na-aga ebe a bifurcation mgbe ọtụtụ narị ugboro n'ụbọchị. The pendulum anyị oke - maara ma ọ bụ naanị ka o maara - bụ mgbe niile swinging. Ma eleghị anya, na-aghọta nke Filiks synergistic nzukọ nke ụwa ga-enyere anyị aka ime ka ndị ọzọ ịhọrọ, na-enweghị na-eru ọdachi, dị ka ịkwadebe obere bifurcations.

Taa, ihe ọmụma anyị nke isi sayensị wee n'ókè nke bifurcation. The chọpụtara nke ọchịchịrị okwu na ikike nke iji ya ịzọpụta mmadu ebe na mberede mgbanwe ma ọ chọpụtara nwere ike na-edu anyị ka a na steeti nke siri ike ịkọ. The ugbu a na-amụ na ngagharị na mbara, ozizi "oke bekee oghere" na ohere oge anwụrụ ike ihe ọmụma-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche ókè. Anyị nwere ike na kwere na, na-aga na-esonụ bifurcation mgbe, a random mmajijiji bụghị inupụ ndi mmadu n'ime abis nke ihefu.