Bombu Northrop B-2. Bombu B-2: atụmatụ na foto

Mystery B-2 (bombu) na-akpata a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikpe, mythical akụkọ na-emeghị okwu. Gịnị bụ nke a ụgbọelu, ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ezi eziokwu? American ugbo elu ejikwara site ọgbọ nke atọ nke invisibility n'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ 15 na, n'agbanyeghị ihe kpuchiri nke nzuzo ke uwa ọmụma ubi data na-egosi na nkà na ụzụ na ngwaọrụ na àgwà nke nwere nku ugboelu.

general nkọwa

Bombu B-2, nke bụ ngwaahịa US agha ụlọ ọrụ, e mere ka ụgbọelu na a belatara ohere nke nchọpụta antiaircraft iro agha. Kpamkpam anya, ọ dịghị abụ, dị ka a pụrụ iche nsuso usoro iji chọpụta ya Rada meziri, ma n'ihi na ndị nkịtị na-azara ọnụ ya bụ adịghị ahụ anya, na-ekwu ya lanarị na ọnọdụ nke bọmbụ.

The nnukwu ọdịdị nke ugbo elu, nke yiri ụgbọelu si Sci-Fi nkiri. B-2 bombu Spirit-egosi na eluigwe dị ka a runaway flaapu black zita profaịlụ na-ele na nke a na-enye ya a na-efe efe saucer, esisịt enweghị ọdụ na fuselage.

Iji hụ na ndị ọrụ nke stealth eji elu stealth technology:

• na elu elu nke ụgbọelu kpuchie ihe onwunwe na a elu ogo absorption redio mmiri na ebili mmiri;
• etinyere bughi esereese aerodynamics "na-efe efe nku";
• Echebe a na-eji ụgbọelu engine ugboelu, na ESR uru bụ na nso nke si 0,0015 ka 0,1 square mita. m.

The isi atụmatụ nke ugbo elu Ọdịdị

Emepụta B-2 bombu "Spirit" n'ụdị a nku, atụmatụ ahụ na-agụnye zuru enweghị vetikal mmiri nke enyene. Dị ka ndị nduzi efere arapara amara arụnyere na njedebe òkè nke nku. Kasị nke ahu ihe na isi akụkụ na-mere nke titanium na aluminum alloys. Ọzọ ihe ndị polyamides, na carbon composites na elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ọnụọgụ.

Bombu B-2 Mọ-emetụta mmewere n'ụdị titanium caisson, ewekarị ke n'ihu ọkara nke ụlọ na inyịme na n'etiti ngalaba. Ụgbọ elu nku na-mere nke carbon eriri. Monolithic panel titanium caisson mere nke 23 mm oké. Onyinye akụkụ ọnụ site ịgbado ọkụ ma ọ bụ mgbasa na-emepụta mma plastic ịkpụzi.

udi

Ndabere nke guzobere ọdịdị a usoro nke anọ petals, na udi nke ụgbọelu kere 12 e. Nke a ụtụtụ na echiche na kwụ ụgbọelu na a ole na ole nke etiti ndi. The n'azụ na n'ihu etiti yiri onye ọ bụla ọzọ housings, na-ekpuchi, engine ogige mmalite eke n'úkwù ndokwa ike Chassis 4 ndi isi ngosi. Na n'ihu ma n'azụ ammamihe nwetara site 2 ndi.

Na frontal na akụkụ nke a nwere nku craft nwere dịghị ụgbọ elu na ogologo e. Ke ukot nke nku Ọdịdị-etinye, na redio efegharị efegharị absorbent. The n'ihu ihu òkè nke ugbo elu na-rụrụ na nnukwu n'akuku ka 33º, na azụ na-mere na ụdị akwụkwọ ozi nke English W. Ke n'etiti nku semispan kọwaa mmeri nke mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke elu, B-2 bombu Northrop nwere supercritical nku profaịlụ.

The ụgbọelu na-onwem na 4 engines, emi odude ma n'akụkụ nke bọmbụ n'ọnụ mmiri. Iji hụ na imperceptible ọchịchị rụrụ ewepụghị na elu elu nke ugbo elu nwere dịghị slits na nozulu igwe engines na Motors na ogwe aka na-emi odude n'ime igwe.

flaws ke imewe

Eziokwu ahụ bụ na nku ship abụghị ndị na ọdụ, ọ bụghị-egbochi ya etikwasị awụgharị na ikuku, stealth atụ bọmbụ, B-2 ọjọọ ụlọ ahịa dị na elu-igwe edekwasị họrọ ruru ka enweghị nke vetikal nku azu. Naanị ịkpali ugbo elu mpịakọta, nke na-ebelata ike na ala nku na n'elu-ewe amụba na-ebuli agha, nke na-eduga a nloghachi nke ngwaọrụ ke chọrọ direction. Na ụgbọelu, e nwere a echiche "nku loading", nke bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa parameters nke arịa. Erughị a kilo emetụta otu square sentimita nke nku, mfe ọ bụ ime ka ụgbọelu amama na ikuku. N'ihi ya ụba maneuverability otu bombu.

Bombu ike jikwaa enweghị echichi nke electric ime akara usoro na akpaka ngwaọrụ, na-ekiri ndị ụgbọ elu usoro na-esite n'iwu pulses na n'ibu akụkụ nke nku.

ụlọ ngwaọrụ

The ụgbọelu piloted abụọ arụ ọrụ òtù, B-2 (bombu), a foto nke na-dị n'okpuru ebe a, ọ na-onwem n'ihi na nke a pressurized ulo, emi odude ke n'ihu akụkụ nke ugbo elu.

Tinye ọrụ ụgbọelu site a ogige ke n'ihu Chassis on a ịkpakọba n'ọkwá. N'ihi na onye ọ bụla pilot n'ebe ọrụ nwere a zuru set nke akara ngwaọrụ. Na otu ebe, nyere onboard ngwá engine mmalite button na usoro nke ugbo elu. Ndị a bọtịnụ na-setịpụrụ na ikpe nke na mkpu.

Nchedo uzo nke ulo mejupụtara anọ ogwe nke bred Ọdịdị, ikwe ka mepụta nyochaa nke kwụ na n'akuku nke 200º. Na ihe omume nke ihe ụgbọelu nso a nuclear gbawara ke iko ntekwasa na ihe ndị mejupụtara nke mmiri nke gold, na-aghọ opaque na anaghị ebunye radieshon. Flight akwọ ekenịmde ke protivolazernyh iko.

The akara usoro na ụgbọelu

B-2 bombu na-onwem na ihe ọzọ electrically achịkwa n'ebe dị anya, nke bụ a digital usoro na ngwa ngwa omume kvadradupleksnuyu ọcha. Automatic akara nwere na ya Ọdịdị anọ nhazi unit na bụ na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ bụrụ na nke odida nke abụọ n'ime ha. Efe n'elu mgbaàmà usoro 20 mejupụtara a na-ebuli ihe mmetụta mgbali agụ, nke na-eme ya unobtrusive.

American otu bombu B-2 avionics mgbagwoju nwere NSS klas navigation subsystem. Àmụmà ngwa ngwa omume na-agbanwe agbanwe ọnọdụ na ụgbọ elu na abụọ interconnected electronic components: IMU (inertial) na AIU (astroinertial). Onye ọ bụla nke na-anya ụgbọelu si eleru 4 egosi nke multifunctional edinam.

History nke e kere eke

N'oge Agha Nzuzo n'etiti USSR na US na 1979, Ronald Reagan n'oge ya ntuli aka mkpọsa nkwa iweghachi ihe agha nke US Army. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ndị US ọchịchị na-ezube ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ekwe aircrafts na ngwa ngwa nnyefe nke ordnance nọ n'ógbè ihe, na akpa ebe ke ndepụta bụ stealth bombu B-2. Pragmatic America na-eme nchọgharị na ìhè ọ bụla dollar tupu ya etinye ya ihe ọ bụla ikpe. Fantastic ụgbọelu na ụba na ikike na a belatara ọhụhụ nke oru ngo yiri ka ezi omume na atụmanya na bụ n'okpuru pụrụ iche akara nke US ọchịchị.

Company Northrop Grumman mepụtara unobtrusive usoro otu bombu, nke e mere na-inwere site na oké usoro mgbochi nsuso na nnyefe nke nuclear na ndị ọzọ na ngwá agha. Ọ na-mepụtara na ndabere nke ulo oru ATV mmemme.

Ngo natara koodu aha B-2 na akara Spirit. Pụta na 1987 bụ a ikedo n'ihi enweghị imewe mkpebi postpones mmalite nke ule ruo 1989 na enwekwu ego maka oru ngo site ọzọ ijeri dollar. Financiers site 1989, chọpụta uru nke na-eri nke na-eke a ọhụrụ ụgbọelu na 23,1 ijeri dollar.

The mbụ oyiri na-akawanye a ná ndụ na a agha factory na California, ebe ọ na-ejide ya mbụ ụgbọ elu na ngosipụta nke ọha na eze na-echegbu n'ígwé. N'ihi na elu na-eri nke na-ewu na 21 bombu B-2 Mmụọ Stealts. All ọgụ ugbo ala bu onye aha nke dakọtara na aha nke na-ekwu nke America. The ikpeazụ atụ nke a nwere nku ship akpọ "Mmụọ nke America" na-etinye ndị agha na July 2000.

modernization nke ugbo elu

Na 2008, Congress of America na-ego a mmemme iji nweta nkwalite ndị B-2 (bombu). Control usoro lesion na-akpụ akpụ n'ala zaa na Rada network ata nti mgbanwe. 2009 enwekwu ibu ike nke ugbo elu, nke bụ 27 tọn, iche site na ọkara na nri na-ekpe compartments. Na 2010, ihe na-akakwa mma ugbo elu panel na-eme ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume n'ihi na ọbụna na-adịbeghị anya cracking nke akụkụ.

The panel dị n'etiti ndị Motors mebiri ya elu jikọtara eziokwu na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akwakọba metal ike ọgwụgwụ, na-akpata cracks. Ọ emechi mejupụtara ọkpọ a na-ekpo ọkụ reactive ugboelu na na-doro okpomọkụ, ọ bụghị ikpeazụ ọrụ na vibration ini ọrụ nke ike osisi. The ụlọ ọrụ injinia ịnagide ọrụ nke na-eme mgbanwe ndị na ọdụ imewe na ojiji nke ihe ọkaibe steels.

Na April 2010, otu bombu ego n'anya mma software, ọhụrụ igodo na-aga n'ihu nkwurịta okwu usoro. Na na September 2012 na akara nke ugbo elu gbanwetụrụ site nwụnye nke kwalite Rada AN / APQ-181 na dị AESA Rada. New uwe na-complemented elu ndị ọzọ nkwurịta okwu na usoro na nnọchi ngwá na ugbo elu na ejidere.

Nka na ụzụ e ji mara ọgụ ụgbọala

Manned bombu nwere magburu onwe oru e ji mara. B-2 (bombu) onwem na ụgbọelu ngwá electronic. Infrared FLIR usoro site ọtụtụ nyochaa, a radio efegharị efegharị HANIUAL altimeter e mere ya ka mgbaàmà na-adịghị achọpụtara n'oge ngagharị site onye iro ahụ.

N'ihi na ije na nyere na-achịkọta ndị inertial igodo usoro arụnyere na omume nwere a ọwa maka mgbanwe nke data na ọgụgụ isi Satellites. Kpọmkwem JDAM eduzi munitions ejection usoro na-nyere na a gaghị agara nso nke lekwasịrị iji nrụaka ngwaọrụ. The ugbo elu nwere ihe metụtara usoro sensọ na-ebunye data na akara usoro iji gbanwee ọnọdụ n'èzí arịa.

The ụgbọelu na-onwem na AESA Rada, ma nke a abụghị a typical ngwaọrụ stealth ugbo elu, ọ dị mkpa inye a mgbaàmà na onye iro ntụ ozize zasekut ụgbọelu. Dị ka ihe atụ, a na-efe efe ụgbọ mmiri ochie F-117 nwere naanị n'ezinụlọ n'aka data collection. Nka na ụzụ e ji mara nke ugbo elu:

• kpamkpam na kokpiiti abụọ pilot;
• ogologo ugbo elu kreysernogo arịa bụ 20,9 m;
• na ngwa nwere a wingspan nke 52,1 m;
• Ụgbọ elu elu - 5.1 m;
• nku n'elu ebe - 460 m ^2;
• ugbo agha egboro oghere Atụlee 71,7 m;
• nkịtị na kacha takeoff arọ nke 152,6 na 171 m, karị;
• mmanụ ụgbọala maka refueling ngwa maka dum oge nke ụgbọ elu weighs 73 tọn;
• payload ruo modernization na mgbe - 22,7 na 27 ise karị;
• Ụgbọ elu uzo turbojet engine, dịrị ihe 1.452 m;
• kacha ekwe omume ọsọ nke ụgbọ elu - 860 km / h;
• nkezi ọsọ ugbo agha - 776 km / h, na ọgụ ebe were okirikiri 5310 km;
• Flight anya bụ 11110 km, njem oge - 6.5 h, B-2 (bombu) adahade a kacha nke 15,000 m.

eji na-ebu

N'ihi ebibi lekwasịrị na-eji ngwá agha nuklia 340 / ton, 1.1 m / ton. Onboard ebu ot bombs 16 x 84, 36 x 80 ụyọkọ bọmbụ ngwá agha 82. Jiri nke elu kpọmkwem, dị ka ngwá agha mee nrughari agba.

E nwere a echiche ụgha na B-2 atụ bọmbụ iji ụgbọ akụ ụta ike. Nke a abụghị eziokwu, ebe ọ bụ na nke a ụgbọelu a chọrọ kwụsịtụ ndị munition ogige bombs na-akpali ya a gaghị agara nrụpụta uche na nke ngwa nwere ike mfe ịnagide.

ọghọm-adịghị ahụ anya

Broad strata nke US agha na congressmen na-nanị ghọgburu na nke kacha mma na-atụ anya. Ọ bụghị ihe niile ndị mmadụ nwere ihe ọmụma na ubi nke redio, na ihe ndị ọzọ mere na akpa diffraction onu. Tupu ha bụ nkụzi na echiche nke-adịghị ahụ anya atụ bọmbụ, ọkà mmụta sayensị vying kwere nkwa na e kere eke nke dị otú ahụ ugbo elu na-ama oria na na echiche a ọtụtụ ndị.

Ma echiche nke arụmọrụ bụ dịtụ na-enyo enyo nwetara dissipation ebe nke ugbo elu na-anọgide na nso nke 0,0015 ka 0,1 m ^2. Nke a na atụmatụ dị nnọọ elu karịa agụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, a fighter onye ESR bụ 3-4 m ^2. Ke akpa ilekiri, dissipation ebe bụ na a mma nso.

Ma belata ESR bombu na-aghọ a dị oké egwu egosi ya invisibility. Belata dispersion bụ irè nanị maka a na-adịru nke gharazie ịba uru ụdị nke ikuku na-azara ọnụ. Modern Rada mgbanwe nwere ike ịghọta ụgbọelu na a chụsasịrị ebe na a anya nke iri na iri na iri abụọ kilomita.

Ewepụghị shapes, enweghị kwụ ọtọ na ndị na ọdụ eme ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịnọ na họọrọ ime, na ọ na-achọ echichi nke oké ọnụ electronic njikwa.

Ọ bụla nsogbu na infrared ìhè, n'agbanyeghị na nkwonkwo mgbalị nke injinia na ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ha na-agbalị ịchọta ndị engines nke ugbo elu site n'elu, agbanwe mmepụta nozulu oghere maka ngwa ngwa na jụrụ nke ọkụ na mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ na-amịrị results, ma a zuru okè nzuzo reactive ọkụ iyuzucha anaghị arụ ọrụ.

Hụrụ a dịgasị iche iche nke dịkọrọ ndụ ngosi na-ekwu na site na nwa akwụkwọ ụgbọelu thermal imager bụ nnọọ kwesiri ngosi na-illuminated na bụ anya. The ngwaọrụ nwere ike ịhụ ndị iro ahụ, mgbe ahụ, B-2 (bombu) kara aka na mbibi.

Ẹkot a nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ nke na ụgbọ elu

Dị ka mgbawa agha ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akpatara a omimi ebe nke onye iro bombu F-16 ke ichekwa 32 igwe na nkenke ngwá agha na-achọ a plurality nke sample akwado art. The iduga iso 16s, 4-director ugbo elu mkpọtụ, 8 aircrafts maka n'igbochi Rada na refueling dum mkpọ (15 iberibe) nke na-enye hotara na mbụ e ji ebu mmanụ ụgbọala.

Kpomkwem yiri gbara ike na-akpata anya ìgwè nke F-117 ugbo elu 8 so site abụọ isi ụgbọ mmiri tanker. Ma, otu American otu bombu B-2 na-apụta a comparative analysis nke na-eduga ọnọdụ - yiri ọrụ achọ ọnụnọ ke ikuku na abụọ stealth usoro na-adịghị achọ na ojiji nke manu mmiri tanker, dị ka kacha nso adịghị achọ refueling nke elu-igwe. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na ego e.

Mberede stealth bombu

The mberede mere na n'àgwàetiti Guam. Aerodrome ahapụ ụgbọelu anọ nke ndị na-adịru 4 ọnwa dabeere na agwaetiti. Bombu aha ya bụ "Mmụọ nke Kansas" na-ewe anya nke abụọ. Ụda e ji mara nke owu, e nwere oké anwụrụ ọkụ iyuzucha na a anya si na ụlọ elu njikwa. Mere site ọkụ na idebe ozi, ma i nwere ike ịzọpụta ụgbọelu, ọ na-ebibi kpam kpam.

E kwụsịrị arụ ọrụ nke mbụ ụgbọelu nyere iwu laghachi ozugbo ebe nkenye ọnọdụ, ihe niile flights of atụ bọmbụ nke ụdị kwụsịtụrụ rue mgbe nkọwa nke na-apụtaghị ìhè na-akpata nke mberede. The ụgbọelu jisiri idaputa na e merụsịrị mebiri emebi, otu lọta na ụbọchị nke abụọ, na ndị ọzọ na oge ọ na-emeso ke ọgwụ.

Ọ na-na-eche na ihe mberede e mere site ọdịda nke usoro ma ọ bụ ihe nke ụmụ mmadụ na-akpata. Ịgbaso ihe nchoputa site a pụrụ iche ọrụ ubiere e mere na stealth bombu B-2 gbawaranụ mere ka a n'ihi nke engine ọdịda.

Ọrụ ọgụ bombu

N'ihi na oge mbụ merie NATO bombu eji n'oge agha Yugoslavia, ebe banyere 600 nkenke-eduzi munitions e kposara. Characteristically, bombu ụgbọ elu mere enweghị a transplant, ha na-zitere site na a isi ke Missouri, idobe bombs na Kosovo na ọfiọrọ azụ.

The Iraq agha na-enye a ọhụrụ isi maka ịlụ agha. Stealth bombu B-2 na-ewe si Atoll Diego Garsiya na ọzọ nzuzo isi enweghị igosipụta aha. Total ugbo elu-eme banyere 22 ọzọ. Whiteman Air Base ka a tọhapụrụ 27 stuffed na mgbọ ugbo elu, nke ọnụ na mbụ bombings ama esịn ka Iraq ihe karịrị 300 tọn bombs. The nkezi stay na ikuku bụ 30 awa, mgbe na-ekwu na na kacha ndekọ ogologo nke otu n'ime ndi oru ugbo otu onye bụ nke elu-igwe n'elu 50 awa.

A ọtụtụ ahụmahụ na-na-alụ ọgụ ọrụ na-agbakwụnye akụkụ ke bọmbụ nke Libya na 2011, nke munitions ama esịn site 45 ala zaa. N'ihi na a obere nke usoro 21 unit atụ bọmbụ akara a nnọọ mma ọgụ ahụmahụ.

N'ịchịkọta

Ọgụ B-2 bombu Spirit Stealth akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya e kere eke na-egosi otú bụghị na-emepụta ụgbọelu. N'agbanyeghị ukwuu mama, untwisted gburugburu echiche nke na-eke-adịghị ahụ anya ụgbọelu nyak ezigbo maka a sales airship emeghị. Sverhdorogie atụ bọmbụ akpatara ọzọ mmebi nke US Congress karịa ya emegide. Mgbakwunye billionths ego na-adịghị n'onye ezi omume, e nwere otu obere arụmọrụ ruru ka na-eto eto ọhụrụ teknụzụ ịchọpụta ikuku zaa.

On a mwute dee akụkọ ihe mere eme stealth bombu anaghị akwụsị, ọ na-aghọ nchekwube eziokwu na ọtụtụ mba na-n'ịkpa a ụfọdụ technology. O doro anya na, ọ bụ ò were, na ihe ọzọ, otú na-agbanwe agbanwe ego pụta nwetara.