Champ de Mars. Champ de Mars, Paris. Champ de Mars - Story

Na ọtụtụ obodo ukwu gburugburu ụwa bụ ebe n'okpuru iju aha nke Field nke Mars. Gịnị ka ọ pụtara?

All ebe ndị a na-aha mgbe Campus Martius Rom oge ochie, ya mere, iji ghọta ihe ọtụtụ ubi nke Mars, enweghị na-omimi njem mmụta n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme, anyị nwere ike ime. Ka anyị na-aghọta ebe a onu na-arahụ, ụdị ya emewo taa.

Champ de Mars: History

N'oge ochie, ọ dịghị onye ma e wezụga ndị nche, ọ gaghị ekwe omume banye n'obodo na a egbe. Ma, gịnị banyere ndị agha? N'ihi ya, n'eziokwu, wuru n'ogige n'azụ mgbidi. N'ezie, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe agha obodo: na mgbakwunye na na ebe ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ dị, ngwá agha noo, kwakọbakwa, a ubi arụsi na ọzụzụ ịlụ ọgụ. All a ọnụ na-akpọ Campus (campus na Latin). Ebe ọ bụ na ha mara ụlọikwuu ji site ndị agha, ọ bụ n'okpuru patronage nke chi nke agha - Mars. Na Rome ebe a dị na ekpe mben Tiber River, bi larịị n'etiti ugwu nta nke Capitol, na Pincian na Quirinal. The campus center bụ obere ịchụàjà agha chi.

Mgbe oge nke Tarquins, karịsịa n'oge mbubreyo Republic, n'ọgbọ agha agbanweela ọnọdụ na anya. Ọ malitere iji hazie ọha nzukọ, mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere agha parades, egwuregwu (comitia centuriata), ọbụna rụrụ na-egbu. Kwa afo eme ememe ezumike equirria na jumps na a cavalcade nke ụgbọ ịnyịnya. Ebe ọ bụ na ubi bụ nnukwu, na n'otu oge ahụ na ọ ẹkenịmde a ole na ole ihe, na ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri nwere ike chọta ntụrụndụ ha ihe masịrị ha.

The n'ihu eke nke Champs de Mars

Mgbe Rome ghọrọ onye na-achị Yuliy Tsezar, a agha obodo kwagara n'ugwu Celio. Ubi nke Mars malitere idozi nkịtị nkịtị nke obodo. Ma, aha ahụ nọgide na ebe aha. Mgbe e mesịrị, a nnukwu ohere ke udi nke a mpekere onwa anọwo na-ewuli elu. Ọ e wuru ọtụtụ na-akpali ụkpụrụ ụlọ akụkụ, dị ka arụsị. Ebe ọ bụ na ókèala bụ akụkụ nke mbụ n'ogige ndị agha na-eli ozu ebe ntụ e echekwara dara agha ná mba ha na-eme n'ọdịnihu ụmụ amaala niile na-efe ndị dike ha na ebe a, ya mere na e wuru ụlọ nsọ ahụ arụsị, nke na-achọ onye Champ de Mars. Rome furu efu a nnukwu ohere iputa ohere, ma jide dị nsọ na ebe nchekwa nke a nke dị ebube ebe.

Ọzọ ubi, raara nye dara dike

Site ntụnyere na "Campus Martius" na Rome yiri ebe e guzobere ọzọ isi obodo. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na mbụ na nzube ha bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka Ebighị Ebi City. Ha rụrụ agha ọrụ nke ndị agha malite ịgba na emume parades. Na nanị mgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ha na-aghọta ka ncheta ka ndị dara ebube nke motherland dike.

Na ụfọdụ obodo ebe ndị dị otú udo ebighị ebi ire ọkụ. Kwesịrị ịdị, ndị dị n'ebe ndị na-adịghị wuru ebe ịchụàjà Mars, ma aha ahụ ka rapaara. Ikekwe n'ihi na ọ bụ ejiji n'oge ochie. N'ihi ya, ubi raara nye chi nke agha, na e nwere ndị dị nnọọ anya site Rome ala. Na ihe n'obodo nwere Champ de Mars? Paris, Athens, Nuremberg na ọbụna St. Petersburg. The kasị akpali na akụkọ ihe mere na ụkpụrụ ụlọ okwu - Champ de Mars na French isi obodo. Ma kacha akuzi - na German obodo nke Nuremberg.

Paris Nme n'ala agha eduzi

Na 1751 eze France , Louis XV nyere iwu na-ewu n'aka ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Seine agha akwụkwọ. Study e nwere ụmụ nwoke si dara ogbenye magburu ezinụlọ (ọ mara na onye nke cadets n'ebe a bụ nwa Napoleon Bonaparte). N'ihi na ụlọ akwụkwọ adjoined sara ewepụghị n'elu mere maka agha omume. N'ebe a, eze were parades. Nke a ohere adịghị anya site Louvre a na-akpọ Ubi nke Mars.

Paris weere n'ógbè a sara mbara, adabara nzute a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ. Ebe iyi nke mbụ n'usoro ochichi. Ụfọdụ ihe ndị mere na French mgbanwe nke 1791 nwekwara wee ebe a na ubi. A nnukwu ohere iputa ohere fọrọ nke nta ke center nke ndị Paris na-eji maka dị iche iche na nzube. Ebe a, ọ bụghị nanị na-enwe n'ememe ahụ, kamakwa ghọrọ ndị mbụ nwere na mastery nke airspace. Na 1784, na Champs de Mars were na mbara igwe na a gh balloon ọsụ ụzọ a na ubi Blanchard.

Ịga nke ọma mgbakwunye. ebube ncheta

Champ de Mars, nke na-edina ihe karịrị iri abụọ acres tinyere Quai Branly, n'adịghị ibe ya Roman anọgide undeveloped. Ọ na-egwuri ọrụ nke mepere emepe ịgba ọsọ na 1833-1860 afọ, na mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere inwe ihe ngosi nke ụwa na nkà mmụta sayensị rụzuru. Ya mere, mgbe Gyustav Eyfel nyere Paris ya draft nke ụlọ elu ya, e kpebiri-ewu ya dị na Champs de Mars. Iron openwork imewe kwesịrị ekwesị n'ime ihe ijuanya green gbaa n'onu lawns. Iji na-ele na-ese foto nke eiffel tower si Champ de Mars, ugbu a ìgwè ewu na atụrụ na obodo nde ndị njem nleta. The eke ókè-ala nke ubi bụ ọlaedo dome nke Invalides ụlọ na Military School. Ya mere, ndị Paris amasị ndokwa mkpapụ ntụrụndụ na ahihia ahịhịa, na-abịa n'ubi, ọbụna n'abalị na kandụl.

Champ de Mars na Athens

Nke a ncheta ruo oge a Greek asụsụ a na-akpọ Πεδίον του Άρεως (Pedion Areos). Ọ e wuru na 1934 na-asọpụrụ ndị dike nke mba ntọhapụ mgbanwe nke 1821. Site ntụnyere na Paris Champs de Mars ncheta raara nye chi nke agha - Areos. Gịnị dị ịrịba ama bụ na ị na-mgbe ahụ ya awụ, na-kpuwere ya ebube ncheta oyiyi Pallas Athena. N'ụzọ dị iche na green ala ahịhịa juru nke French isi obodo, nke a ncheta bụ a Come ogige. The microclimate nke green ohere ke obi nke obodo (ya mere yiri ka Omonia square kilometa) bụ na n'oge okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ bụ abụọ degrees ala karịa n'ebe ndị ọzọ na Athens. Tupu isi n'ọnụ ụzọ chọrọ mma oyiyi nke Greek King Constantine m na ịnyịnya. The ogige e wezụga busts nke iri abụọ na otu dike nke mgbanwe e nwekwara n'ili nke British, Australian na New Zealand agha, bụ ndị nwụrụ agha maka Greece n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Champs de Mars na St. Petersburg

A na narị afọ mgbe ọ na a tọrọ ntọala Petersburg, n'ọgbọ agha na e kere obodo a. Otú ọ dị, ná mmalite na ọ na-akpọ na-atọ ọchị, n'ihi na undeveloped n'ókèala ẹkenịmde ememe na Shrove Tuesday. Ọ dị nnọọ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Summer Garden. Na XVIII narị afọ, ebe a bịara na-akpọ ndị Big ahịhịa.

The aha, na oche ọrụ gbanwere mgbe rigoro ocheeze ahụ Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizaveta Petrovna. Field ígwè nkwanye ùgwù gosi na Tsaritsyn Lug. Ọ ẹkenịmde agha reviews na parades. Ma n'ihi na Russia kemgbe ejiji nke Paris, na uzo nke XVIII-XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ, e kpebiri aha Tsaritsyn ahịhịa Field nke Mars. Paul m nyere iwu ka ngere akụkụ nke ngwa ngwa na-ewuli elu ohere nke ígwè ụzọ ámá, a park na lawns na alleys. Na 1801, na iwu nke Eze Ukwu ncheta ọchịagha Suvorov na Rumyantsev na-arụnyere.

The akakabarede nke ahịhịa ndụ jupụtara na ebe

E nwere afọ, St. Petersburg mepụtara, na ya mgbanwe e mere na Ubi nke Mars. Abụọ ọkpụkpụ decorating ya kwagara n'ebe ndị ọzọ na obodo. Dị ka ihe atụ, a ncheta ọchịagha PA Rumyantsev na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ V. F. Brenna kpaliri na 1818 ka Vasilyevsky Island. Na n'oge ọchịchị Eze Ukwu Alexander m na m kwagara oyiyi nke oké Field Marshal. Ugbu a, ọ na-anọchi n'ihu Trinity Bridge, na-esote na marble Obí na agụ Saltykov n'ụlọ. N'ezie, nke a bụkwa akụkụ nke Tsaritsyno ala ahịhịa juru, na detached na a iche iche ebe, aha ya bụ mgbe Field Marshal.

Suvorov ncheta na Champ de Mars, na Moika, ọ bụ uru banyere iche iche. Na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, ọ bụ nke mbụ na ncheta uncrowned onye. Ọkpụ, MI Kozlowski, na-arụ ọrụ na ncheta site iwu nke Paul m na 1799-1800 afọ, ọ bụghị ilekọta banyere ihe osise ahụ myirịta nke awụ na mbụ. Kama, ọ bụ a mkpokọta, ihe The Epic onyinyo nke ọchịagha-eto eto. The ọla ọgụgụ na a pedestal yi oge ochie-achọghị mma. Na ya aka nri ọ na-esetịpụ a mma-agha n'aka ekpe - a ọta. Suvorov e chere anyị n'ihu na guise nke Mars, chi agha.

Akakabarede Memorial Otuto

Mgbe Champ de Mars efu ncheta nke abụọ isi, ihe ọ bụla ọzọ gosiri site ruru n'ebe a agha na agha. Otú ọ dị, aha rapaara. Ya mere, mgbe jụrụ ajụjụ banyere ihe ebe ilì ndị nwụrụ n'oge February mgbanwe nke 1917, ọzọ amaghị na ọ bụghị: a uka ili ga-emi odude ke Campus Martius. Mgbe e mesịrị ya wee malite ịpụta ọhụrụ olili ọrụ gburu Yaroslavl nsogbu n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1918, obodo agbachitere sonyere na Yudenich agha, nakwa dị ka ndị ahụ tara nke mgbanwe atụmatụ M. Uritsky, V. Volodarsky, Latvian riflemen na ndị ọzọ. Memory nke dike, e kpebiri ime ka ihe ncheta. Ọ e wuru nke isi awọ na pink konkiri. Oghere raara nye nke abụọ ncheta nke October mgbanwe. Ma ubi ahụ renamed Plaza nke mgbanwe Metụtara.

Arena mmeri, na nke ghọrọ ebe a na-ihere

Na March 1935, Nazi Germany kpebiri iji nweta ha onwe ha Champs de Mars. Ọ nwere ike ghara ịbụ nanị a ebe eduzi na akuakuzinwo Wehrmacht agha. Mgbe ahụ, ọ zubere jide party congresses, nakwa dị ka a Nme na nsọpụrụ nke ntọhapụ nke ụwa si "ihe otiti nke ọchịchị Kọmunist na dominance nke Juu". Ma n'ihi na ọ e kwesịrị ịbụ a oru ngo nke narị afọ - nnukwu na Europe, ndị Champ de Mars. Photos of afọ ndị na-egosi na ekenyela a n'ala ohere hà size of iri asatọ football ubi! N'otu aka ahụ, megalomania na ila e mere maka 250,000 nkiri. Arena nwere oyụhọ iri-na-anọ n'ụlọ elu (iri na otu n'ime ha nọ na wuru na 1945), na n'elu ikpo okwu nke Onye Ndú - ịlụ statuary mmeri chi nwaanyị Victoria na agha. Na ihe bịara ya? Dị nnọọ na-ekwu na akwa Nme n'ala maka parades e turu ime na Nuremberg, ebe, dị ka ị maara, ẹkenịmde gaara na usoro ebubo mpụ megide mmadu site Nazi. N'ezie a cautionary akụkọ!