Chloroform n'ụlọ: ụzọ nkwadebe, anụ ahụ Njirimara, iji na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ na ihe ize ndụ

Gịnị bụ chloroform? Nke a chemical compound nke bụ a obodo mmiri mmiri, colorless, na a nkọ ethereal isi na a ụtọ uto. Umi anaghị igbari na mmiri, ọ bụghị flammable, bụ miscible na kasị solvents.

Na-egbu egbu, mgbe ọ gụrụ ultraviolet ụzarị, na site na kọntaktị na oxygen erekasịchaala nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ a ọzọ ize ndụ bekee, gụnyere phosgene na chlorine.

Eji na ulo oru na ọgwụ na nzube.

akụkọ

N'ihi na oge mbụ na chemical e nwetara na 1831 site German mmiri ọgwụ Samuel Guthrie. Ihe bụ isi usoro na aha maka njikota set French ọkà mmụta sayensị Dumas na 1834.

N'ihi na a ogologo oge, chloroform e ji na ulo oru ngwa, tumadi dị a mgbaze.

Na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, n'ihi na oge mbụ na umi e ji mee na 1847 dị ka ihe English dibịa ná Nkụnwụ simpson.

Tupu oghere nke Russia bịara naanị afọ 50 gasịrị, na nke a ọgwụ chloroform n'ụlọ me Boris Zbarskiy na 1916. Dị ka anestetiiki ọgwụ e n'ọtụtụ ebe na mgbe arụmọrụ Nikolai Pirogov.

nkịtị Njirimara

• Onyinye nke Formula - CHCl _3.
• Refraction - 1,44858 na 15 Celsius C.
• Esi ebe - + 61,152 Celsius C.
• Crystallization na 63,55 Celsius C.
• Ọ dissolves na mmiri na na okpomọkụ n'elu 31 ° C na a obere ego.

The chloroform eji maka ọgwụ na ahụ ike na nzube na-abanye na-anaghị ire, nwere ruo 2% ethyl mmanya, nke-eme dị ka a njikọ n'etiti mmiri na-adịghị na-amalite irekasị na compound na ìhè anyanwụ ma hapụ ize ndụ bekee.

na-ụzọ

Ke ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ site chlorination nke mmiri mmiri wepụ.

Chloroform na-akwadebe site kpo oku chlorine na methane (methane ma ọ bụ bekee, methyl chloride) na okpomọkụ nke 400 ° C. N'ihi bụ a ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ ogige nke nkewa na-adị site distillation.

Na laabu ọmụmụ, chloroform amịpụtara na mmeghachi omume nke calcium hypochlorite na acetone. N'ihi ya, e nwere ihe abụọ dị iche iche nke mmiri na-na-iche site na distillation.

Chloroform e wepụrụ nọ n'ụlọ dị iche iche ihe na ọtụtụ ụzọ.

1. Mgbe ejikọta bleach na ethanol, acetone ma ọ bụ acetaldehyde.

2. Site na electrolysis nke mmanya, nnu, na sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).

3. Mgbe ewe iwe trichloroacetic acid.

All anya na-e mgbe-arụ ọrụ na bekee. akpụkpọ cover bụ na-emechi na ndị pụrụ iche uwe, chọrọ ọnụnọ nke uwe, enyoanya na-echebe masks iji gbochie inhalation nke Alụlụụ compound.

Inweta chloroform n'ụlọ

Nweta chloroform nwere ike si dị ọcha bleach ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa nwere ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, pụrụ iche n'aka maka nhicha ụlọ. The kasị ama bụ mmiri mmiri "White."

The umi ga-agwakọta ya na acetone ke otu iko ma ọ bụ plastic akpa na a ruru nke 1 akụkụ nke acetone 30 akụkụ nke "ndị ọcha". Mgbe edozi, na n'ihi mmiri mmiri a na-ekewa site na a buru àmà foneelu n'ime mmiri na chloroform.

Na ikpe nke sodium hydroxide (caustic soda, NaOH) nwere ike rụrụ n'ụlọ electrolysis. The iko ma ọ bụ plastic containers dị mkpa ka ọ wụsa ihe mmanya (ọkacha mma ethanol), tinye nnu na mix ruo mgbe etisasịwo. Nnu-eme dị ka ihe ampilifaya eduzi ikike. Tinye caustic soda, hapụ idenye aha abụọ electrodes jikọọ a ike isi iyi. Mgbe esi nke ngwọta ga-dịgidere otú ngwa ngwa ọmụmụ ga-eme ùkwù jidesie mmiri (top) na chloroform (ala).

Heating nke trichloroacetic acid ka okpomọkụ nke +75 ° C na Takọọ carbon dioxide, ị na-na-chloroform. N'ụlọ, ị ga-ụfọdụ iji hụ na ha na nchekwa - a chọrọ ka na-eyi a pụrụ iche na-echebe nkpuchi zere inhaling emerụ bekee, na mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na acid, na-eji oké roba uwe.

ngwa

Ná mmalite, chloroform e ji mee ka ihe mgbaze, na ọtụtụ - roba na mmanụ.

Na 19-20 nke ọtụtụ narị afọ. - dị ka ná Nkụnwụ n'oge multiple arụmọrụ.

Ugbu a, chloroform na-eji:

• n'ihi na ihe mgbagwoju bekee (freon, freon);
• dị ka ihe mgbaze;
• n'ihi na mmepụta nke ọgwụ ahụhụ;
• n'oge imewe nke e ji esiji ákwà.

Ịkpachara anya - ize ndụ stof!

Chloroform - nnọọ ize ndụ umi, kpọmkwem otu dị ka ya mmiri. Ya mere, nlezianya tụlee niile "Uru" na "cons" tupu ị na-amụta otú e si eme n'ụlọ chloroform. Mgbe niile, e nwere ọtụtụ mma analogues nke umi.

Chloroform - emerụ na ize ndụ mix. Ọ na-emetụta ndị ahụ nile na-na na-ejizi na ọ dị mkpa iji mejuputa precautionary jikoro.

Chloroform - ọkara Ester compound na gbasaa ngwa ngwa site na ikuku. Mgbe ọ gụrụ ìhè na ọ na-ngwa ngwa etinye obi gị dum n'ime n'ọbara, na-eme a na-adịghị mma mmeghachi omume si ya dum.

The Central ụjọ usoro n'okpuru nduzi nke bekee na-ewute ya. Site inhalation nke a obere ego chere dizziness, a mmetụta nke n'ozuzu ike ọgwụgwụ, ọ pụrụ ịbụ a isi ọwụwa, na vomiting. Mgbe ogologo ikpughe a onye na-efunari nsụhọ.

Ogologo okwu mmetụta ọbụna obere doses, na-akpata imeju na ọrịa akụrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ị ukwuu dịkwuo dose of chloroform na-ahapụ a onye n'okpuru ya mmetụta - ikekwe na-egbu egbu.

Na-eduzi ọmụmụ na oke kpughere na ogologo oge na obere doses eduga miscarriages, na keomumu anụmanụ nwere a elu pasent nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa abnormalities.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekpebi na ihe chloroform ke ufọk, mkpa ka ị dị ka anya. Na mgbakwunye na Njirimara nke umi kwesịrị sonye na akaụntụ na e nwere a-ekwe omume nke na nsi phosgene, nke na-eme ọbụna karịa akwa ya pụta maka ahụ mmadụ.