Dionisiy (ese). Daịọnisiọs oyiyi. Creativity, Biography

Na ọtụtụ ihe osise nke Moscow Cathedral nke mwere adọta uche na ha n'echiche fresco "Seven na-ehi ụra Ndị Ntorobịa nke Ephesus", "Ofufe dịịrị ndị Magus", "iri anọ Martyrs of Sebaste", "Toonụ Chineke", nakwa dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nsọ na mgbidi nke katidral predaltarnoy. All ndị a ọrụ kwa e ji mara na-eme site na a na-ese, dị nnọọ blindly ndị Byzantium so ese. E nwere doro anya na anya ahịhịa ọkachamara mmalite. Ee, frescoes E kere a oge mgbe Europe biri ma rụọ ọrụ Raphael, Durer, Botticelli na Leonardo, dị ka chọọchị art na Russia amaghị nke Renaissance. Ma Daịọnisiọs ulo-ese - Onye Okike nke ihe ndị magburu onwe na eserese nke mwere Katidral ke Moscow - mgbe niile gbapụta si "Procrustean bed" nke ndị so. Ọdịdị ya abụghị nwụrụ anwụ static, ha keugwu, na elongated silhouette, ha enwekwa ọṅụ. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ na-akatọ na-akpọ nke a icon-ese "Russian mannerist".

The ọgụ egwu na oge

Iji ịghọta n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-arụ ọrụ nke Daịọnisiọs, ọ dị mkpa na-amụ a ntakịrị oge o biri ndụ. Universal ọchịchọ na n'out oge Amagh ọtọdọks ụwa nke oge ahụ nọ na-eche maka Apocalypse. Njedebe nke ụwa na-abịa, na-emesi obi ike nke ndị ụkọchukwu, na 1492. Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ nke Russia na-were a nnukwu mgbanwe. Na 1480 ọ nọ na-meriri na Ugra, nke akara ọdịda nke Mongol yoke. Prince of Moscow jide n'ala Pskov, Novgorod na Tver. Ivan III kpebiri ike a centralized ala. Court clerks malitere ifiọk ọmụmụ nke ezinụlọ eze site Byzantine Basileus Palaeologus site eze ukwu Rom Augustus. Ya mere obi umeala size na mma nke Moscow ụka agaghịkwa eju ya afọ Ivan III. Ọ malitere a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ewu na-atụgharị Moscow n'ime a "Nke atọ Rome". Ke idaha emi, architects na-ese ihe ndị dị nnọọ ukwuu na ina.

Daịọnisiọs-ese: biography

N'adịghị ka ukwu ya ụzọ, Feofana Greka na Andrei Rublev, ọkachamara na-amụ nke ọma. Daịọnisiọs ndụ ọzọ ma ọ bụ obere mara na na-eme nnyocha. N'ezie, ụbọchị nke omumu na onwu nke onye-nwe-kama na-edochaghị anya. Ọ na-kweere na a mụrụ ya gburugburu 1440 na nwụrụ dịghị tupu 1502 na ọ dịghị mgbe e mesịrị ka 1525 afọ. A mụrụ ya na ndị ezinụlọ onye nkịtị, ma ọgaranya iji ziga ya na-azụ izografnomu nka. Onye mbụ a dịkọrọ ndụ wizard - egosipụta na Church of Ọmụmụ nke Virgin Pafnutyevo-Borovsky obibi ndị mọnk. Otú ọ dị, na-eto eto na-ese na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ afọ 1467-1477 n'okpuru nlekọta nke onye nkụzi ya, nke a ukwu Mitrofan, onye ọ bụla ọzọ mara. Eleghị anya, mgbe osise na-egosi onwe-amụrụ talent, ya mere na 1481 a kpọrọ ya Moscow na-arụ ọrụ na mwere Katidral. Mgbe ekpede a iji, onye na-ese natara ukara aha "preizyaschny ukwu." Daịọnisiọs na-arụ ọrụ na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugwu monasteries. O nwere umu-ndikom atọ - Andrew, Vladimir na Theodosius, nke ikpeazụ abụọ gara nna ya nzọụkwụ na ghọrọ ese.

Early ọrụ

Dị ka ekwuola, Daịọnisiọs dị ka akụkụ nke ihe cartels Mitrofan wee akụkụ ke mma nke Katidral nke Ọmụmụ nke Anyị Lady na Pafnutyevo-Borovsky mọnk nso Kaluga. Ndị nkatọ na-na-ahụ na ndị a, n'ihu na mmepe nke nketa Andreya Rubleva. Ndị na-arị elu na ọnụ ọgụgụ, ihe dị ọcha, adabako mejupụtara, ihu ọchị na-egbuke egbuke doro anya na agba. Moscow Prince Ivan, ebe frescoes "ndị mọnk Dionysios na Mitrofan," kpọrọ nwa-ese na Moscow, na-arụ ọrụ na murals nke mwere Katidral. N'ihi ya, aga talent e chọpụtara na ụgwọ site kasị elu ọchịchị.

Moscow oge

Mgbe annexation nke mba ọzọ n'ókèala Prince Ivan III amalite na-ewu nke Cathedrals, inye Kremlin isi obodo size. Ma Church nke mwere na-agaghị: ọ e wuru na Pskov architects Krivtsov na Myshkin, kama, dị ka anyị nwere mgbe omenala, elu-edu na-ewu ihe zuuru, na-eme ihe fọrọ nke nta okokụre ewu dara. The eze kpebiri na-agba mba ọzọ architects, na dere si Italy ama Bolognese-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Fioravanti Aristotle. Ọ malitere ọrụ 1475. Cartels nwekwara Daịọnisiọs, nke gụnyere, na mgbakwunye na nke ukwu, ụfọdụ "ịnyịnya, gbapụta Timothy Yarets ee", kwuru tupu nke 100 rubles. Mgbe frescoes na-ese na eze wee boyars ịnara ọrụ, otú dee a pụtara uri chronicler nke tụnyere, ha "na-ahụ mnogochudnye murals, chere onwe ha, dị ka a eguzo heaven ...".

The iconostasis nke Dormition Obibi na Kremlin

Cooperation nka cartels edu Daịọnisiọs na Moscow ọchịchị akwụsịghị n'ebe ahụ. Na 1481, na òkù Metropolitan Bassion artists na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ na iconostasis ke otu katidral. Nakwa dị ka frescoes nke Daịọnisiọs, ọ na-arụ ọrụ a osisi osisi mmanụ astonish onye nkiri a na agba kwekọrọ. Ma ọ bụrụ na sere na mmiri plaster agba palette anya ijuanya siri, translucent, reminiscent nke watercolor, akara ngosi nke artist ntụrụndụ ka otutu Usoro nke na "agba nkwalite" bụ nke ya n'anya "ike". Ọ na-ewepụta a iteto nke otu ụda ọzọ, ihe mere ihe oyiyi na-aghọ olu, na ntopute. The n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke ebe ịchụàjà-na-ese Daịọnisiọs mezuru akụkụ kasị mkpa - Deesis. Abụọ ọrụ - ndụ nke ndị metropolitans Peter na Alexis - bụ praịm ihe atụ nke ọrụ ya. Na 1482, onye na-ese na-"weghachiri eweghachi" n'oge ọkụ iyi codec XviD Byzantine na akara ngosi nke Nne nke Chineke "Hodegetria" maka Ascension Obibi na Moscow.

The ndụ ọrụ nke Daịọnisiọs na isi obodo

Ọ bụrụ na ọkachamara oyiyi na-tumadi enyefere mwere Katidral ke ngosi nka ngosi, na frescoes nwere ike ka na-na-hụrụ na mgbidi nke Kremlin ụka. Chekwaara ihe karịrị iri abụọ murals ukwu. N'etiti "Ofufe dịịrị ndị Magus" kwuru na n'elu, "Toonụ Chineke" na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ntị ka mural "Alexius nke Rome." Nchọpụta kweere na a image bụ a onwe-Eserese nke na-ese. Anyị apụghị ileghara akara ngosi nke Daịọnisiọs, e sere Ikpeazụ Ikpe. Dere na ihe ikuku nke eschatological na-atụ anya na 1492, a sere jupụtara n'ime erughị ala. Ma multi-layered mejupụtara, n'agbanyeghị mgbagwoju na mkpọchi e dere, anya na-adị mfe na ùgwù. The egwu na-enye ụzọ ọṅụ: translucent oyiyi nke ndị mmụọ ozi, ndị mmụọ ọjọọ zọda nwa iberibe.

Ọrụ ke edere edere ebe obibi

Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma na Moscow Daịọnisiọs-ese ọ utu aha "preizyaschnogo ukwu." Na Paterikon Volokolamsk obibi ndị mọnk na ọ na-e kwuru n'okpuru aha "maara ihe". Ee, na ndị ọzọ e dere na isi mmalite ndị jupụtara laudatory kwuru na ya talent na ọgụgụ isi. O doro anya na, ọ bụ ya ji ya inem a ma ama ọha ọgụgụ nke oge, onye dere Iosif Volotsky. Mgbe 1486, nna ukwu, ikekwe na otu teammates na ugbo, na-ese na chọọchị nke mwere Anyị Lady of St. Joseph nke Volokolamsk Obibi nso Moscow. Ma, ọtụtụ n'ụzọ doro anya egosipụta creativity Daịọnisiọs mgbe 1500, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na North na Volga monasteries. Ná ngwụsị nke ndụ nke ukwu nọ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọnụ na ụmụ ya abụọ na, ikekwe, ya na ndị ọzọ na-eso ụzọ. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ nke Daịọnisiọs, a gwara anyị na emere n'ubọchi. Ọ na-ese St. Paul Obnorsk Onye Nzọpụta Priluki, Cyril-Belozersky Obibi. Ọ na-amara na nna ya ukwu na-ese na iconostasis kamenny mọnk nso Vologda.

Ferapontov mọnk

Nke a umeala n'obi obibi ndị mọnk, emi odude ke Vologda Region (District nke Kirillov), ọ ga-kwuru kpọmkwem. Ebe a, na Katidral nke Ọmụmụ nke Virgin, Daịọnisiọs-ese na-arụ ọrụ ya na ụmụ ya na 1502. Ọkachamara emepụta a pụrụ iche mara mma na nkà ensemble nke oyiyi na frescoes. Nke a bụ ezi ukwe na Nne nke Chineke na agba - a ukwu, ma n'otu oge eji obi ụtọ na-egbuke egbuke. Adịkwaghị na-acha ọcha, ọlaedo na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na agba, siri undertones. Ke ofụri ofụri, ihe oyiyi n'ịwa a festive ọnọdụ, ka e nwee olileanya na mgbaghara nke Chineke na-abịa n'alaeze nke eluigwe. Ihe dị ịrịba ama sere Ferapontov Obibi? Na ebe obibi ndị mọnk ekemende mgbe nwere ego zuru ezu iji ideghari frescoes na ihu ọma nke ejiji ọhụrụ. Ya mere, naanị ebe a, anyị pụrụ ịhụ wizard na a ezi, unaltered.

The uru maka Daịọnisiọs Russian iconography

UNESCO raara 2002-Daịọnisiọs iconographer. The uru nke na-arụ ọrụ a-nwe nwere nnọọ njikọ. Ọ mepụtara echiche nke ya illustrious ụzọ, Andrei Rublev na n'otu oge ẹkenam a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụrụ iche atụmatụ naanị maka ya. Dị ka ihe atụ, mụbara na agba na ukwuu ojiji nke na-acha ọcha mgbe Daịọnisiọs malitere ga-eji na ndị ọzọ na-nwe. Ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama bụ na-oyiyi nke ya n'ụzọ nke shapes na ụma elongated aka na ụkwụ na art wetaara ya ama mannerist. Frescoes na akara ngosi Daịọnisiọs ijuanya n'otu ụzọ, a translucent agba, plasticity na izu okè ikwọ.