Doping - ọ ... Gịnị na-doping ke egwuregwu?

Na ọtụtụ egwuregwu nke taa na-eji doping: egwuregwu, cross-mba ski bụ ihe atụ nke a. Ọtụtụ na-eme egwuregwu na-efunahụ nke Ọla na utu na ha ahụ mgbe ahụrụ mba ọzọ bekee aka inweta arụpụta ihe kasị mma na mpi. Maka ojiji nke doping na mpi bụ, ọ ga-a otutu ajụjụ, na nkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe obi abụọ. N'ezie, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ihe a ọgwụ nke na ọ na-eji na ihe ọ na-eduga.

nkà mmụta sayensị na echiche

Doping - a eke, sịntetik, na ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ike melite arụmọrụ nke ihe na-eme egwuregwu. Ọzọkwa site a okwu na-ezo aka mmadụ nke nwere ike na-akpali protein njikọ mgbe ikpughe na muscle uka nke mpụga ike. Ọ ga ozugbo ike kwuru na n'oge na-mpi na-eme egwuregwu na-aju si ewere ụfọdụ ọgwụ.

mbu eji

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị a na ngwaahịa Mgbagwoju si dị mmalite nke XX narị afọ. Doping ke egwuregwu malitere iji American agba na ọzụzụ nke ịnyịnya na subcutaneously ndinọ na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị mkpa bekee.

The mbụ ọmụma banyere iji arụmọrụ-ime ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere pụtara kemgbe 1903. Ebe ọ bụ na oge na ụlọ ọrụ malitere ya agbụrụ mgba megide ojiji nke ọ bụla inyeaka bekee. Ọ na-enyo na si a na na kpụrụ a ọgwụ ule. Naanị mgbe mbụ ọ bụghị otú arụsi ọrụ ike, ihe dị taa.

Umu anumanu na osisi na dị iche iche nke doping nwekwara

Kwesịrị ịdị, ụfọdụ bekee akpa mmetụta ha na ahụ mmadụ. Ụfọdụ ọgwụ ndị ahụ mgbu, ebe ndị ọzọ na-amụba physique na-eme egwuregwu, dịkwuo ike, ntachi obi. Ke adianade do, doping - bụghị naanị a stimulant nke mmadụ ike n'oge mpi, ma otu nnyemaaka na ọzụzụ. Na ndabere nke ihe ịrịba ama doping ke egwuregwu-ekewa n'ime ìgwè ụfọdụ.

Iwu maka ojiji ma n'oge asọmpi na n'oge na-azụ ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke doping:

• Anabolic Steroid. Na ndị mmadụ, ndị a bekee na-akpọ anabolic Steroid. Nke a na ụdị na-kpụrụ doping nke nwoke hormone testosterone. Eleghị anya, ọtụtụ ndị amaghị na testosterone egwuregwu bụ nke dị oké mkpa na inweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ na-arụpụta. Anabolic Steroid-enyere na-amụba dabere muscle uka, protein assimilation na mmepe nke nwoke ahụ. Ma ha mmiri ọgwụ uwa na-eme ka ya onwe ya chere. Ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere na ahụ mmadụ, na-ewere ha androgenic mmetụta.

• Peptide homonụ (ma ọ bụ, dị ka ha na-akpọ peptides), ibu ihe. Uto hormone, insulin na erythropoietin na-aju maka site na-eme egwuregwu bekee, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-enyere iji nweta na-abawanye na muscle ibu na belata abụba oyi akwa (ibu hormone), na na-amụbakwa mmepụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie (erythropoietin).
• Mamịrị bekee. The nkà mmụta sayensị aha ndị a ego - diuretics. E nwere atọ isi ihe mere nke na-eji egwuregwu diuretics. Firstly, ọ bụ a ngwa ngwa ọnụ ke arọ ahụ. Nke abụọ, mee ka ahụ ahụ ọzọ mma okaegwuregwwu nwoke muscular anya. Thirdly, diuretics pomogyut excrete ndị ọzọ inyeaka mmadụ na otú izo ojiji nke iwu bekee.
• Beta-2-agonists. Ha dịkwuo ego nke muscle, na-eme ka ha mgbake, igbochi ọnwụ muscle uka na afọ.

Ọgwụ ọjọọ na-aju nanị n'oge kpọmkwem mpi:

• Narcotic analgesics (e.g., methadone, morphine, fentanyl). The aha ya na-egosi na ndị a bekee na-eji iji belata uche na ihe mgbu.
• Akpali akpali. Ke akpa itie otu a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na Central ụjọ usoro. Ọ ga ozugbo-kwuru otu eziokwu dị mkpa: Ọtụtụ stimulants bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ okuku ume na na mgbochi malitere ịrịa ọgwụ ọjọọ. Dabere na nke a, ndị na-eme egwuregwu tupu iji, ọ ga-eyi a dị mfe oyi ọgwụ kwesịrị ịgụ mejupụtara. Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ adịghị agụnye aju ihe, i nwere ike jiri ya mgbe ọgwụgwọ.
• Glyukokortikosteriody. Na-eme egwuregwu na-eji ha na-eche na a anya nke ike na-ebelata ihe mgbu.

The agha megide doping nwekwara

Dị ka na mbụ kwuru, ugbu a nwere ifịk mgba megide ojiji nke dị iche iche ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na-enyere ntọt egwuregwu ohere. Doping - a ize ndụ na-ahapụ egwuregwu maka a obere oge, ọ bụrụ na. Mgbe niile, ọ fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla mpi ọkachamara elele na-eme egwuregwu n'ihi na ọnụnọ n'ime ọbara iwu bekee. Mmeri mgbe niile enyocha, na ndị fọdụrụ - ịhọrọ site na.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-eme egwuregwu ọgwụ ọjọọ a chọpụtara na, mgbe ahụ, e nwere mmadụ disqualified maka a ụfọdụ oge. N'ihi na oge mbụ - 2 afọ, na mgbe re-mwere nke njehie - si 4 afọ na ihe niile.

Sports enthusiasts anụwo banyere scandals, ihe kpatara nke a bụ ojiji nke iwu bekee. N'afọ gara aga, ihe karịrị otu ugboro mụnyere biathlon na ha. Doping na-eme egwuregwu na-eji Russian mba otu, n'ihi na nke ọ na-disqualified.

Mmetụta ọjọọ mmetụta na-eme egwuregwu

Doping - ọ bụghị nanị inye aka na-amụba egwuregwu arụmọrụ ma ihe ịga nke ọma, nakwa dị ka nkịtị nke mmadụ data, ma na-akpata ọtụtụ nsogbu. The ojiji nke nwekwara ọtụtụ mgbe na-adịghị agafe kpam kpam. Nnyonye anya na ahụ mmadụ na-eduga ná ọjọọ, na-akwụ ụgwọ maka na-eme egwuregwu iji nweta ha ike. Dị ka ihe atụ anyị nwere ike na-erythropoietin, nke e kwuru na mbụ. Na elu guzobere mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, ọbara pụrụ ịghọ oké, nke na-eduga ná guzobe egbochi mkpụkọ na arịa na veins. Na nke a, nwere ike ime na-enweghị nsogbu (nwekwara ike ichefu banyere ọnwụ).

ọgwụgwụ

N'imechi okwu na ojiji nke doping bekee, ọ dị mkpa na-ekwu okwu ole na ole banyere eziokwu ahụ na-adịbeghị anya e nwere kemgbe a ọchịchọ belata ha oriri na a ike obibia egwuregwu ekele doping-achịkwa, ihe dị iche iche na-emegide doping mgbochi mmemme. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu doping na egwuregwu ụwa, "Ọ dịghị". Were, dị ka ihe atụ, biathlon kwuru n'elu. Doping na egwuregwu, dị ka onyeisi oche nke Russian Biathlon Union, ga-ọzọ ga-eji.