East European ikpo okwu: ọdịdị nke chakoo. Ịnweta akụ nke East European n'elu ikpo okwu

Kasị nke European n'ókèala Russia, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ mba ndị agbata obi dị na continental ebe nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ, nke a na-akpọ East-European n'elu ikpo okwu. Landform ebe a ukwuu n'ime ewepụghị, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere wezụga, nke anyị na-atụle n'okpuru. Nke a n'elu ikpo okwu bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie n'ụwa geological formations. Ka anyị lebakwuo anya, ọ bụ a enyemaka nke East European Platform, nke minerals na-edebe na ya, dị ka nke ọma dị ka Gịnị bụ usoro nke ya guzobere.

obodo ebe

Mbụ, chọpụta ebe kpọmkwem bụ nke a geological guzobere.

East European oge ochie n'elu ikpo okwu, ma ọ bụ dị ka ọ na-akpọ, Russian n'elu ikpo okwu, emi odude ke ala ebe nke Eastern na Northern Europe. Ọ enyene kasị nke European akụkụ nke Russia, nakwa dị ka ókèala nke ndị na-esonụ mba ndị agbata obi: Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Finland, Sweden, akụkụ nke Poland, Romania, Kazakhstan na Norway.

N'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-nke East-European oge ochie n'elu ikpo okwu n'ebe ndị guzobe nke Caledonia orogeny na Norway, na ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ịgba na Ural ugwu, ke edem edere - na Arctic Ocean, na Ndida Black Sea na Caspian Sea, nakwa dị ka di ala ala nke Carpathians, na Crimea na Caucasus (Sitia stovu).

Ngụkọta nke ebe ikpo okwu bụ banyere 5500 sq. M. km.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke

Tectonic landforms East European Platform bụ n'etiti ndị kasị ochie na ụwa nke geological formations. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na n'elu ikpo okwu dị ka e nwere tupu Cambrian ugboro.

Tupu e guzobere otu world- Afrika Pangea ókèala ndị Russian n'elu ikpo okwu bụ a iche iche Afrika - Baltika. Mgbe ndakpọ nke Pangea n'elu ikpo okwu bụ a akụkụ nke Laurasia, na mgbe nkewa nke ikpeazụ - a akụkụ nke Eurasia, nke bụ taa.

N'oge a nile, e guzobere kpuchie site sedimentary nkume na kpụrụ n'ụzọ dị otú a na-enyemaka nke East European n'elu ikpo okwu.

The n'elu ikpo okwu

Dị ka oge ochie nile nyiwe, na isi nke East European bụ crystalline okpuru ulo. On top of ya n'elu ọtụtụ nde afọ ike a oyi akwa nke sedimentary nkume. Otú ọ dị, n'ebe ụfọdụ, ntọala na-abịa n'elu, akpụ a crystalline ogwe.

On a n'ókèala ọta abụọ (nke dị n'ebe ndịda - Ukrainian ọta na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-na - na Baltic Shield), nke na-anọchi anya na a tectonic efere map.

East European Plain

Olee ụdị nke elu bụ East-European ikpo okwu? landforms na-ukwuu n'ime ugwu ugwu na ewepụghị. Ọ e ji na-eri oké nri nke ala ugwu (200-300 m) na larịị. The nkezi elu nke ndagwurugwu, nke a na-akpọ East-European, bụ 170 m.

Eastern European (ma ọ bụ Russian) Plain bụ kasị ihe ndagwurugwu ụdị na Europe na otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa. Ya ebe enyene kasị nke ókèala nke Russian n'elu ikpo okwu na bụ banyere 4000 sq. M. km. Ọ erukwa si Baltic Oké Osimiri na Finland na gụnyere n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Ural Mountains nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke 2500 km, na n'oké osimiri nke Arctic Ocean n'ebe ugwu (Barents na White) na Black, Caspian na Azov n'oké osimiri nke dị n'ebe ndịda 2,700 km. N'otu oge ahụ na ọ bụ akụkụ nke ihe ndị ọzọ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ oru ngo, nke a na-akpọ Great European Plain, inyịme si Atlantic Ocean na Pyrenees Mountains na France na Ural Ugwu. Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, nkezi elu nke Russian Plain bụ 170 mita, ma ya kasị elu mgbe esịmde 479 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Ọ na-emi odude ke Russian Federation Bugulma-Bebeley ugwu nke di ala ala nke Ural Ugwu.

Ke adianade do, na ókèala ndị Ukrainian ọta, nke a na-emi odude na Russian Araba, elation e nwere ụdị nke mmepụta nke crystalline nkume nke n'elu ikpo okwu bases n'èzí. A na-agụnye ihe atụ, Priazovskaya ugwu, ndị kasị elu mgbe ndị nke (Belmak-Ili) bụ 324 mita n'elu oké osimiri.

Ndabere nke Russian Plain bụ East-European ikpo okwu, nke bụ nnọọ oge ochie tectonic owuwu. Na nke a bụ n'ihi na ewepụghị chakoo.

Ọzọ enyemaka ihe

Ma Russian Plain bụghị naanị obodo kwadoro na e dere ihe East-European n'elu ikpo okwu. Landform ebe a na-ewe ndị ọzọ umu. Nke a bụ karịsịa njirimara na n'elu ikpo okwu ókè.

Ihe atụ, na ihe ndị gabigara ókè n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke n'elu ikpo okwu na Norway, Sweden na Finland bụ Baltic crystalline ọta. Ebe a, na Ndida nke Sweden, emi odude Sredneshvedskaya di ala ala. Ogologo-ya site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, karị hà 200 km 500 km. Elu ebe a bụ ihe na-erughị 200 m.

Ma n'ebe ugwu nke Sweden na Finland dị ala dị larịị Norland. Ya kacha elu bụ 800 mita n'elu oké osimiri.

Upland e ji obere Norwegian saịtị nke na-agụnye East European n'elu ikpo okwu. Landform ahụ na-aghọ ugwu ugwu agwa. Na ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya, ebe ọ bụ na ugwu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke nta nke nta na-aghọ nnọọ ezigbo ugwu, nēbu aha nke Scandinavian. Ma ndị a ugwu na-ama na-ewepụtara Caledonia orogeny, ọ bụghị metụtara kpọmkwem ndị a kọwara na review n'elu ikpo okwu dị ka e gosiri na tectonic map.

osimiri

Ugbu a lee anya na isi ọdọ nke na-dị na ókèala n'okpuru ọmụmụ n'elu ikpo okwu. Mgbe niile, na ha, kwa, na-enyemaka-ihe.

The kasị ibu osimiri nke East European n'elu ikpo okwu na dum nke Europe bụ Volga. Ogologo ya dị 3530 km, na ọdọ mmiri ebe 1,36 nde sq. M. km. Nke a osimiri na-aga site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda, mgbe na gburugburu ala akpụ kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụdị floodplain enyemaka Russia. Volga empties n'ime Caspian Sea.

Ihe ọzọ bụ isi osimiri Russian n'elu ikpo okwu bụ Dnieper. Ogologo ya dị 2287 km. Ọ na, dị ka Volga, eru site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda, ma, na iche ya ogologo nwanne, anaghị ịdaba Caspian Sea na Black Sea. The osimiri na-aga site na ókèala mba atọ: Russia, Belarus na Ukraine. Na ihe dị ka ọkara nke ogologo ya dara kpọmkwem na Ukraine.

Ndị ọzọ na nnukwu na a maara nke ọma osimiri nke Russian ikpo okwu kwesịrị ịgụnye Don (1870 km), Nistru (1,352 km), na Southern Bug (806 km), Neva (74 km), tributary nke Dona Seversky Donets River (1,053 km), tributary nke Volga Oka (1499 km) na Kama (2030 km).

Ke adianade do, ndị kasị ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke n'elu ikpo okwu n'ime Black Sea, osimiri Danube. Na ogologo nke na oké osimiri a bụ 2960 km, ma fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam na ọ na-ewe anyị gabiga ókè nke ọmụmụ n'elu ikpo okwu, na na na ọnụ nke Danube na-emi odude ya n'ókèala.

ọdọ mmiri

E nwere na ókèala nke Russian n'elu ikpo okwu na ọdọ. The kasị ibu nke ha na-emi odude ke edere nke Russia. Ọ bụ Europe kasị ukwuu freshwater ọdọ Ladoga (n'ógbè 17,9 puku sq. Km.) Ndien Lake Onega (9.7 puku sq. Km.).

Ke adianade do, na n'ebe ndịda nke Russian Platform dị Caspian Sea, nke bụ, n'eziokwu, bụ a nnu ọdọ. Ọ bụ kasị mmiri ahụ na ụwa nke na-adịghị enwe ohere ka ụwa osimiri. Ya ebe bụ 371,0 sq. M. km.

minerals

Ugbu a, ka-enyocha minerals nke East European n'elu ikpo okwu. The ngiri-afọ nke ebe a bụ nnọọ ọgaranya onyinye. Ya mere, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ukraine na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Russia bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa coal efere - Donbass.

Na ókèala nke Ukraine nwekwara ndị Krivoy Rog ígwè na manganese Nikopol ọdọ mmiri. Ndị a ego na-metụtara ohere elu nke Ukrainian ọta. More ígwè na-echekwa ndị na ókèala ndị Kursk Magnetik Anomaly na Russia. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị a ọta n'èzí, ma ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ malite nnọọ nso ka elu.

Na mpaghara nke Caspian Basin, nakwa dị ka na Tatarstan, e nwere pụtara nnukwu ego mmanụ. Ha na-na-na ókèala nke ebe ndịda mmanụ na gas na mpaghara Ukraine.

Na Kola Peninsula apatite a guzosie ike mmepụta na ihe ulo oru n'ike.

N'ezie, ndị a bụ isi minerals nke East European n'elu ikpo okwu.

Ona nke Russian Platform

Tụụrụ ala e nwere East European ikpo okwu? Ee, ọ bụ na mpaghara a otu n'ime ndị kasị tụụrụ Ona na ụwa. Bara uru karịsịa ala ụdị na-dị na ndịda na center nke Ukraine, nakwa dị ka na Black Earth n'ógbè Russia. Ha na-akpọ nwa ụwa. Nke a bụ ihe kasị tụụrụ ala n'ụwa.

Forest ala ọmụmụ, dị ka isi awọ, nke na-emi odude n'ebe ugwu nke chernozems bụ nke ukwu ala.

General e ji mara nke n'elu ikpo okwu

Bụla Russian enyemaka dị iche nnọọ a nnukwu dịgasị iche iche. Otu n'ime ha a pụrụ iche n'ebe a na-ji site na mbara ọzara. Dị nnọọ East European n'elu ikpo okwu na-emepụta Europe kasị ukwuu ewepụghị mgbagwoju. Naanị na mpụta pụrụ ịchọta dịtụ elu ala dị larịị. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ihe okpu nke n'elu ikpo okwu, nke agaghịkwa na-orogenic Filiks na weathering larịị ugwu na adị ebe ọtụtụ nde afọ gara aga.

The mpaghara na gọzie nnukwu mee nke mineral. Karịsịa, ọ dị mkpa ka igbunye ego nke coal na ígwè ore, na okwu nke Russian n'elu ikpo okwu bụ otu n'ime ndị ndú ụwa. E nwekwara mee nke mmanụ na ndị ọzọ mineral.

Ebe a bụ a n'ozuzu e ji mara yiri ka East European n'elu ikpo okwu, ya ọdịdị ala, minerals echekwara n'ime ime, nakwa dị ka ala atụmatụ nke ebe. N'ezie, nke a gọziri agọzi ala, nke awade bi na ya niile dị mkpa ego na ọ bụrụ na-eji nke ọma, ga-abụ isi ihe na-enwe ọganihu.