Ebee bụ Barents Sea? Achịkọta, nkọwa, omimi na ego

Ị maara ebe Barents Sea? Ọ na-emi odude na nsọtụ nke Arctic Ocean. Ruo mgbe 1853, o nwere aha ọzọ - Murmansk oké osimiri. Ọ washes n'ikperé Norway na Russia. Na-ekwu banyere ọnọdụ nke Barents Sea, ọ ga-kwuru na ọ bụ nanị Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef na Spitzbergen na ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri Europe. Ebe 1424 sq. M. km. Nrụtụ: 71 ° c. w., 41 Celsius a. d. N'ebe ụfọdụ Barents oké osimiri omimi bụ 600 m.

Anyị nwere mmasị a ọdọ mmiri dị na continental shelf. N'oge oyi, ya ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ akụkụ anaghị ifriizi, dị ka a na-emetụtakarị na North Atlantic Ugbu. Pechora Sea na-akpọ ya n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. The Barents Sea dị ezigbo mkpa ka ịkụ azụ na iga. Lee ndị isi na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri - Varde (Norway) na Murmansk. Ụzọ ọpụpụ na oké osimiri ruo Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na bụ Finland: naanị ice-free n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na oyi na ọ bụ Petsamo.

Ka ụbọchị, ebe Barents Sea, na-kpamkpam ebibi. A oké nsogbu bụ redioaktivu n'efu ada n'ime ya. Ọrụ dị mkpa a na-egwuri site nuclear nsoro nke mba, nakwa dị ka Norway, ụlọ mmepụta ihe na-na nhazi nke redioaktivu n'efu na a ọdọ mmiri, dị ka Barents Sea. Ókè nke ya nke na onye na-ekwu, (osimiri shelf) na nso nso a na isiokwu nke territorial esemokwu na Norway na Russia, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-amụ ihe nke oké osimiri

Ugbu a na-agwa gị ihe bụ nke anyị nwere mmasị ọdọ mmiri. Ka anyị na-amalite na akụkọ ihe mere eme data na ya. Ebe ọ bụ na n'oge ochie, ndị mmadụ maara ebe Barents Sea, ọ bụ ezie na aha ya na-eji dị iche iche. Ya n'ikperé mmiri na-ebi Sami (Lapps) - Finno-Ugric ebo. The mbụ Europe ileta (akpa Vikings na mgbe e mesịrị Novgorod) na-ezo aka na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 11. Nke nta nke nta ha ghọrọ ndị ọzọ na ihe ugboro ugboro. Map e gosiri na foto dị n'okpuru, e dere ya na 1614.

Na 1853, ndị Barents Sea natara ya ugbu aha na nsọpụrụ nke Willem Barents, Dutch akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. Mmalite nke ya na nkà mmụta sayensị ọmụmụ e butere njem 1821-24 afọ, nke mere F. P. Litke. Ná mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20 N. M. Knipovich mere nke mbụ ezi na mezue ya hydrological e ji mara.

obodo ọnọdụ

Gwa anyị ihe banyere ọnọdụ nke Barents Sea na map. Ọ na-emi odude na ókè-ala nke Arctic Ocean na Atlantic. Ọ bụ a keokere mmiri ebe mbụ. The Barents Sea na-emi odude na map n'etiti agwaetiti nke Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya na Vaigach nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'ebe ndịda bụ nanị ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri Europe, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - Bear Island na Spitsbergen. Anyị nwere mmasị na ọdọ mmiri-n'ókè na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ site na Norwegian Sea, nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Kara, nke dị n'ebe ndịda - na-acha ọcha, mgbe na n'ebe ugwu na ọ na-bounded site Arctic Ocean. Pechora Sea na-akpọ ya ebe, emi odude n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke. Kolguev.

shoreline

Ihu ọma, na Barents Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri Fjord. Ha na-jupụtara na nkume, elu na nnọọ jagged. The kasị bays na Barents Sea: Varangian (makwaara dị ka ndị Varanger Fjord), Porsangerfjord, Kola Bay, Motovsky Gulf na ndị ọzọ. Ala gbara osimiri okirikiri teren n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke peninshula Kanin Nos agbanwe n'ike n'ike. Dị ala ma na-akasị agụghị oké indented ya n'ikperé mmiri. E nwere 3 nnukwu emighị emi bays: Khaipudyrskaya, Pechora na Czech egbugbere ọnụ. Ke adianade do, e nwere ọtụtụ obere coves.

Islands, archipelagos, osimiri

Islands nke Barents Sea dị ụkọ. The kasị ibu nke ndị a bụ Kolguev. Oké osimiri na-ejedebeghị na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef na Spitzbergen. The kasị ibu osimiri na-asọpụta n'ime ya - indigo na Pechora.

okwukwo

Cycle kpụrụ n'elu osimiri, rụrụ counterclockwise. Iji n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda mpụta aga Atlantic mmiri Norwegian ugbu a. Ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ otu n'ime alaka nke Gulf Stream usoro. Ya mmetụta ike deere na New Earth, ya n'ebe ugwu mben. The n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu akụkụ nke okirikiri ii na obodo Arctic mmiri nke na-abịa si Arctic Ocean na Kara Sea. Na akụkụ nke Barents Sea nwere a usoro vnutrikrugovyh okwukwo. N'okpuru nduzi nke ọdịiche na ifufe direction na mmiri mgbanwe na gburugburu ozu mmiri mgbanwe mmiri mgbasa. Taidal okwukwo ndị dị oké mkpa. Karịsịa nnukwu bụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Barents Sea tides bụ semidiurnal. Ha kasị baa uru bụ 6.1 m na pụtara na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Kola Peninsula. Dị ka ndị fọdụrụ ebe, ego nke na-ekpo ọkụ mgbukepụ na ha - site 0,6 m na 4.7 m.

mmiri mgbanwe

Mkpa na ịnọgide na-enwe mmiri itule nke a oké osimiri mmiri mgbanwe a na-emejuputa atumatu na ndị agbata obi n'oké osimiri. Site na ihe isi ike n'ime ọdọ mmiri n'oge afọ natara banyere 76 puku cubic mita. km nke mmiri (otu nọmba abịa nke ya). Nke a bụ ihe a nkeji iri na ise nke ngụkọta mmiri. The kasị ibu nke ya ego (banyere 59 puku. Cu. Km kwa afọ) na-eweta Nordkapp ugbu a. Ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mmetụta siri ike na hydro-Meteorological afọ nke Barents Sea. Banyere 200 cubic mita. km kwa afọ nke ngụkọta osimiri eruba.

salinity

N'oge elu n'oké osimiri nile, na salinity nke elu oyi akwa bụ site 34,7 35% na ndịda-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, 33 na 34% nke anyanwu na site 32 ka 33% na ugwu. Ke ini utọ na okpomọkụ ala gbara osimiri okirikiri warara na-ebelata ka 30-32%. Na kwupụta ọgwụgwụ nke oyi, na salinity mụbara 34-34,5%.

geological data

Anyị nwere mmasị oké osimiri na-emi odude na Barents Sea efere. Ya afọ a kọwara dị ka ndị Proterozoic-Early Cambrian. Syncline - ịda mbà n'obi na ala anteclise - ya elu. Dị ka ndị nta iche nke efe, na a omimi nke banyere 70 m na 200 m bụ foduru nke oge ochie shorelines. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị ice-accumulative na ice denudation iche-iche, nakwa dị ka aja ridges kpụrụ nnukwu mmụba okwukwo.

The ala nke Barents Sea

Nke a oké osimiri na-emi odude n'ime ókè nke continental shelf. Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị yiri ponds ya, a pụtara nnukwu akụkụ nke Barents oké osimiri omimi nke 300-400 mita. Oke - 600 mita, na nkezi - 229. banyere ala ọdịdị ala, guzo Upland (Perseus na a kacha nta nke banyere 63 mita miri emi na Central), larịị (Central Plateau), na trough (West, onye kacha omimi bụ 600 mita, na Franz-Victoria (banyere 430 mita), na ndị ọzọ), ịda mbà n'obi (karịa omimi nke ịda mbà n'obi nke Central -. 386 mita). Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere akụkụ ebe ndịda nke ala, omimi adịkarịghị karịa 200 mita. Ọ dị iche nnọọ kwekọọ enyemaka.

The mejupụtara nke ala

N'ebe ndịda nke oké osimiri nke na anyị nwere mmasị na lining nke ájá na-adịkwaghị sedimenti. Mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere a gravel na pebbles. Na elu elevations nke dị n'ebe ugwu na etiti akụkụ - yl aja, silty ájá, na echekwara na Ikuku yl. N'ebe nile e nwere na-a Ntụ-grained admixture. Nke a bụ n'ihi na spacing nke ice, nakwa dị ka na a nnukwu mgbasa nke relict ice ego na ya. Ke n'etiti na n'ebe ugwu n'akụkụ ike ọdịda bụ ihe na-erughị 0,5 m. N'ihi nke a oge ochie ice ego na iche iche elevations na-emi odude fọrọ nke nta n'elu. Sedimentation-adịghị ewe (erughị 30 mm kwa puku afọ). Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na terrigenous ihe ọnọ ke obere obere. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na n'ihi na ọdịdị nke ihe enyemaka na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Barents Sea adịghị ada n'ime isi osimiri, ma e wezụga ndị Pechora River, nke fọrọ nke nta dum alluvium hapụrụ Pechora estuary. Ke adianade do, na n'ikpere mmiri ala iso tumadi nke crystalline nkume, mara mma ike.

ihu igwe

Ugbu a-agwa banyere otú ihu igwe na-esite, dị ka Barents Sea. Atlantic oké osimiri (ọkụ) na Arctic (oyi) mmetụta na ya guzobere. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ukwuu agbanwe n'ihi Ugboro mbuso agha nke Arctic oyi ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ Atlantic ajọ ifufe. Ịfụ n'elu oké osimiri na oyi tumadi n'ebe ndịda-westerly ifufe, na okpomọkụ na na spring - ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Oké ifufe na-abịa ebe ahụ mgbe mgbe. Na February okpomọkụ bụ nkezi nke si -25 ° C (ke edere edere mpaghara) ka -4 ° C n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. N'elu oké osimiri na urukpuru weather-enwe ofụri isua. Kwa Afọ ọdịda ke edere edere ebe bụ 250 mm, mgbe ke n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-- ruo 500 mm.

ice cover

Nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe Barents Sea n'ebe ugwu nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-adị nnọọ oké. Nke a na-ekpebi ya ịrịba ice cover. Naanị ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke oké osimiri nile n'afọ anyị nwere mmasị bụ dịghị ice. Ya cover bụ kasị ekesa na April. Nke a na ọnwa sere n'elu ice na-arụ banyere 75% nke dum elu nke Barents Sea. Ná ngwụsị nke oyi na karịsịa ọjọọ afọ sere n'elu ice ruru n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Kola Peninsula. Onye kasị nta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndetu na njedebe nke August. ice ókè-ala ụbọchị ndị a na-akpali maka 78 Celsius ugwu ohere. Na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke oké osimiri ice na-emekarị echekwara ofụri isua. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụfọdụ, oké osimiri bụ kpamkpam hapụrụ ha.

Barents okpomọkụ

The dịtụ elu salinity na okpomọkụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke esite-ekpebi mbata ebe Atlantic mmiri ọkụ. Si February na March na ebe ndị a na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na n'elu mmiri bụ n'etiti 3 ° C 5 Celsius C. Ọ nwere ike iru na August na 7-9 Celsius C. N'oge oyi ọnwa n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu nke 74 Celsius ugwu ohere, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke Barents Sea na n'elu bụ n'okpuru -1 Celsius C. N'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ke ndaeyo ọ bụ 4-7 Celsius C, na n'ebe ugwu - banyere 4 Celsius C. Na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe ke ndaeyo ọnwa, na n'elu oyi akwa nke mmiri nwere ike ụtọ na a omimi nke 5 ruo 8 mita na 11-12 Celsius C.

The fauna na osisi

Na Barents Sea, bụ n'ụlọ ka ọtụtụ ụdị nke azụ (nke nke e nwere 114 umu). E nwere a ọgaranya anụmanụ na osisi plankton na benthos. Ahịhịa mmiri na-ahụkarị na ndịda ụsọ oké osimiri. Ihe kacha mkpa azu umu azu akwanyere - a azụ asa, Haddock, okporoko, azụ okpo, oké osimiri bass, halibut, ndagharị, na ndị ọzọ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị mammals na-anọchi anya akara, pola bear, beluga whale, harp akàrà na ndị ọzọ. Ugbu, ịkụ azụ na-ekenịmde ke a akara. On na nsotu e nwere ọtụtụ nnụnụ chịrị (gull-moeviki, guillemot, guillemot). Na narị afọ nke 20 na ókèala me eze nshịkọ. Ọ bụ ike iji imeghari na-amalite ifịk ifịk na-aghọrọ. A ọtụtụ oké osimiri urchins, iche iche echinoderms, dị iche iche nke oké osimiri kpakpando ndị nkịtị, tinyere ala nke mmiri nke na-esite nke mmasị.

Economic uru, ụlọ ọrụ na mbupu

Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa maka Russian Federation, nakwa dị ka ihe Norway na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ na Barents Sea. Russia ifịk ifịk na-eji ya ego. Ọ bụ ọgaranya iche iche iche iche nke azụ, osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ plankton na benthos. N'ihi nke a fishery Ẹnịm ifịk ifịk na Barents Sea. Russian mines na Arctic shelf na hydrocarbons. The pụrụ iche a haziri nke mba anyị bụ Prirazlomnoe. N'ihi na oge mbụ rụrụ site a ofu n'elu ikpo okwu na mmepụta nke hydrocarbons dị n'ógbè ahụ. Platform (MISP "Prirazlomnaja")-enye gị ohere-niile dị mkpa nkà na ụzụ arụmọrụ na ntụpọ. Nke a ukwuu simplifies mmepụta usoro.

Dị nnọọ mkpa ọ bụ na-na oké osimiri na-aga na njikọ European akụkụ nke mba anyị si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri (narị afọ nke 19) na Western (narị afọ nke 16) na Siberia (15 na.). The kasị ibu na isi n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Murmansk bụ Russia (nọchiri n'okpuru).

Otu n'ime ndị ọzọ bụ ndị na-esonụ: indigo, Teriberka, Naryan-Mar. Norwegian ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri - Kirkenes, Vadsø na Vardø. The Barents Sea bụghị naanị ahịa nsoro nke mba ahụ, ma na-naval, gụnyere okpuru mmiri nuclear ụgbọ mmiri.