-Ekpochapụ serfdom: mkpirikpi banyere ndị na-akpata na ya pụta

-Ekpochapụ serfdom, mkpirikpi banyere ihe ndị mere, preconditions na-esi nke nke ga-atụle n'okpuru, bụ àgwà na-ekewa ndị mmadụ ndụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị abụọ akụkụ: tupu mgbe. N'agbanyeghị nke ndị dị otú ahụ na-emesapụ aka na ịrịba mgbanwe, Alexander na mgbapụta ike hụ na nchekwa nke ndụ ha. Ma, ka, gịnị kpaliri ya ime otú ahụ a nzọụkwụ?

-Ekpochapụ nke serfdom: nkenke na-akpata na preconditions

Ya mere, dị ka ị maara, ndị Emperor Alexander II wee ocheeze n'oge nke agha, bụ nke gosiri na mba chọrọ ihe overhaul. Nke a bụ nke mbụ kpatara - Crimea War, ma ọ bụ kama ya pụta. Site n'ụzọ, na ihe ọmụma na Russia kwesịrị oge a mgbanwe, na-otu n'ime ihe ndị oge a. Nke abuo, o nwere ike kwuru na nsogbu nke feudal usoro ke otu ọnụ na n'ihu aku gwụrụ nke. Nke atọ, na steeti n'oge ahụ ike , na-elekọta mmadụ esemokwu, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka inwekwu mgbanwe. N'ihi ya, ihe mere-ekpochapụ serfdom (nkenke dee ha) dina n'elu nwere ike hụrụ. Nke a na-egosi na mgbanwe dịwo itiwapụ. Dị ka ndị ọzọ ihe na ha na-agụnye technical backwardness na underdevelopment nke ụlọ ọrụ, ihe arọ ụlọ ọrụ, nakwa dị ka nnọọ ala arụpụtaghị ihe.

-Ekpochapụ serfdom: nkenke banyere ọganihu nke mgbanwe

Na-ebu ndị dị otú ahụ a oké mgbanwe na Ọdịdị nke ọha mmadụ ike, ma, Alexander II kpebiri-ewere nzọụkwụ a. Iji mezuo nke a, na 1858 o nyere iwu ka a kọmitii (isi obodo na ala nile anāchi achi), nke ga-adreesị niile kwere omume nhọrọ maka mmepe nke a echiche. Mgbe niile nsogbu e nyochara na-egosi, a afọ mgbe e mesịrị dabeere Special Commission, nke a na-edezi ọzọ na ọnọdụ na-wepụtara ihe ize ndụ. Ọzọ, na Iv nke mgbanwe, na State Council dabeere na mgbanwe a, nke na-enye ya nkwenye mmega. Na, dị ka ị maara, na February 19 n'otu afọ na-abịa ama manifesto, na-akpọsa Russian ndị mmadụ ugbu a free.

-Ekpochapụ serfdom: nkenke banyere mkpa

The nke a pụtara omume nke na-emesapụ aka Alexander II gụnyere ndị na-esonụ ndokwa:

• Formation nnukwu ahịa nke oru.
• a nnukwu nzọụkwụ kwupụta ihe e kere eke nke a obodo ọha na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke e mere ka.
• Economic underdevelopment na iberibe e ikpe tutu amama.
• Ọ malitere iji merie caste inequality.

On top of na e nwere ndị na-ezighị ezi ihe na nke a na ndepụta. Ka ihe atụ, onye oru ugbo ala agụụ, n'ihi na elu ụtụ isi, na-ebili na-elekọta mmadụ esemokwu n'ihi na enweghị afọ ojuju na-nwe ala, ndị ọrụ ugbo psychological unpreparedness maka nnwere onwe.

N'ihi ya,-ekpochapụ serfdom na 1861, obere nke nke e kwuru banyere ha n'elu, ihe mbụ na a buru ibu ma na ogologo steepụ nke oké mgbanwe nke Alexander na mgbapụta, N'ezie ọ nyere ndị mmadụ nnwere onwe na ikike.