Esịtidem Ọdịdị nke a frog. Atụmatụ frog Ọdịdị

Frog - a typical nnọchiteanya nke amphibians. Otu ihe atụ nke a anụmanụ nwere ike na-amụ e ji mara nke dum na klas. Isiokwu a na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na esịtidem Ọdịdị nke ahụ frog.

ahu veils

Marsh frog bi na mmiri ozu na ha bịara. Ọ nwere a dị mfe mpụga Ọdịdị - a sara mbara ewepụghị isi, nke ahụ na-akwụsị n'oge na-adịghịkwa toso, belata ọdụ, obere forelimbs na mkpịsị aka anọ na akp azụ - na ise. Ọ ga-enyere ịghọta esịtidem Ọdịdị nke frog ịbịaru egosi ọkpụkpụ na isi ngwa usoro.

Akpa, anyị na-enyocha anụ ahụ nke anụmanụ. frog ahụ kpuchie ezigbo iferi akpụkpọ na ọtụtụ multicellular glands na secrete imi. Ihe nzuzo a lubricates akpụkpọ, na-enyere aka idowe mmiri, inye onyinye gas mgbanwe. Ke adianade do, ọ na-echebe megide emerụ microorganisms.

Thin na mgbanwe frog akpụkpọ bụghị nanị na-echebe na Enyi kacha enyi mpụga stimuli, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa gas mgbanwe. Ọzọkwa, frog amịkọrọ mmiri nanị site na akpụkpọ. Ọ bụ ya mere ọ dị mkpa ọtụtụ mgbe bụ na mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri.

ọkpụkpụ

Frog skeletal Ọdịdị nwere atụmatụ na njikọ na mmegharị ngagharị nke hock. Ọ mejupụtara nke okpokoro isi, spain, aka na ụkwụ na ọkpụkpụ zones. Okpokoro Isi esisịt, obosara. Na tozuru okè ụmụ anụmanụ ya na-azọpụta a nnukwu ego nke cartilage anụ ahụ na-eme awọ Crossopterygii azụ.

Short spain na-anọchi anya anọ nkewa: ogwe, sacral, olu na ọdụ. Cervical spain mejupụtara naanị otu na-ekoghị vertebra, ma ekele ya agagharị frog nwere ike awụfu isi gị.

Ogwe region agụnye asaa vertebrae. The ọgịrịga nke anụmanụ ọ bụla. Sacral nke a na-anọchi anya otu vertebra, sonyeere pelvis. Ikpeazụ, n'azụ nkewa na-anọchi anya ogologo ọkpụkpụ urostyle nke a kpụrụ nke 12 gwakọtara vertebrae.

Structure frog skeletal akpali n'ihi na peculiarities nke akpụ nke aka na ụkwụ, nke jikọọ belt nsọtụ ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ azụ. forelimbs belt agụnye sternum, abụọ pupụtara, abụọ akwaa, na ọkpụkpụ abụọ nke clavicle onwe ya forelimb mejupụtara ubu, aka na aka na mkpịsị aka anọ (nke ise mkpịsị aka bụ na-amalite amalite).

nne ele N'ịdị ọkiké n'ihi na nke nnukwu ibu ọzọ oke karịa n'ubu. Ọ na-anọchi anya gwakọtara pelvic ọkpụkpụ. hindlimb ọkpụkpụ na-agụnye ya otu apata, ukwu na ụkwụ na ise na mkpịsị ụkwụ. Na ogologo nke nne ele ụkwụ abụọ atọ ugboro karịa n'ihu.

muscularity

Frog uru nwere ike kere n'ime segmented uru nke akpati aka na ụkwụ, toso uru bụ metameric Ọdịdị (yiri uru nke azụ). Uru nke nne ele aka na ụkwụ na jaws na-karịsịa ọma mepụtara.

alimentary usoro

Atụmatụ frog Ọdịdị doro anya na anya na ihe atụ nke na Ọdịdị nke ya digestive usoro. All esịtidem akụkụ nke amphibian dị na coelomic oghere. Nke a na ụdị a akpa onye mgbidi na-ekewet nke epithelial mkpụrụ ndụ. Inside uji eze nwere a obere ego nke mmiri mmiri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na akpa-ahụ digestive akụkụ.

Digestive usoro amalite oropharyngeal oghere. On ya ala mmasị asụsụ na-eji a frog ijide ụmụ ahụhụ. N'ihi na pụrụ iche Ọdịdị ọ bụ ike ike ejected na elu na-agba site na ọnụ na-agbaso a aja.

Palatine ọkpụkpụ, nakwa dị ka elu na nke ala n'agba ezé obere amphibians bụ conical na udi. Ha na-eje ozi ọ bụghị maka Lonely, kama n'elu ihe niile na-mmepụta ke n'ọnụ. Nke a bụ ihe ọzọ na myirịta na amphibious azụ. The nzuzo, secreted site asọ glands, moisturizes na oropharyngeal oghere na nri. Nke a mmemmem ya ingestion. Digestive enzymes frog asu anaghị nwere.

Awọ digestive tract amalite pharynx. Nke a na-esochi ya bụ na nkọlọ, wee - afo. Behind afo bụ duodenum, na ike nke eriri afọ na-tọgbọrọ loops. Agwụ eriri afọ cloaca. Awọ eri na digestive glands - umeji pancreas.

N'ịbụ na-enyemaka nke asụsụ mmepụta bụ na oropharynx, wee site na akpịrị n'ime nkọlọ abatakwa afo. Sel dị ná mgbidi nke afo, hydrochloric acid na-dịpụrụ adịpụ site pepsin na-akwalite mgbaze. Ọzọkwa semidigested ibu kwesịrị ịbụ na duodenum, nke nwekwara wụsara pancreas nzuzo na-aga imeju bile duct.

Nke nta nke nta na duodenum na-aga n'ime obere eriri afọ, ebe niile nri na-etinye obi gị dum. Fọdụrụ afọdụ nri na-adịghị gbarie, ịdaba ikpeazụ eriri afọ - obere na obosara ikensi, agwụcha cesspool.

The esịtidem Ọdịdị nke ahụ frog na ya larvae dị iche iche. Toworo eto na-anụ na-eri nri tumadi na ụmụ ahụhụ, ma na tadpoles - nnọọ adị n'ezie herbivores. On ha jaws ndokwa mpi efere na nke erùrù na kpụchasịrị ọnụ na obere algae ndụ na ndị a unicellular ntule.

akụkụ okuku ume na usoro

Nti atụmatụ nke esịtidem Ọdịdị nke ahụ frog aka na ume. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ha na ìhè, a nnukwu ọrụ na usoro nke gas mgbanwe arụ a capillary ịgbaju amphibian akpụkpọ. Akpa ume na-paired mkpa-walled akpa nke ntupu n'ime elu ma ọtụtụ ihe netwọk nke ọbara arịa.

Dị ka frog na-eku ume? Amphibian eji valves ike nke na-emeghe na-emechi ndị n'oghere imi na ala ala ije oropharynx. Iji eloda, na n'oghere imi na-meghere, na ala oropharyngeal oghere na-lowered, na ikuku bụ n'ọnụ a frog. Ya mere, ọ gara akpa ume, n'oghere imi-emechi, na ala nke oropharynx adahade. The ume e kupụrụ ekupụ na-eme site akpa ume ọdịda anya mgbidi na ngagharị nke abdominal mọzụlụ.

Na nwoke, na glottis gbara pụrụ iche arytenoid cartilages, nke imebi akwara ụda olu. High olu na-nyere site olu akpa, nke na-hiwere site mucosa nke oropharynx.

excretory usoro

Esịtidem Ọdịdị nke a frog, ma ọ bụ kama, ya excretory usoro, dịkwa nnọọ na-akpali, n'ihi na ndị n'efu ngwaahịa nke amphibians nwere ike ịbụ mmepụta site na akpa ume na akpụkpọ. Ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-anyụpụ site akụrụ, nke na-emi odude ke sacral vertebra. Sami buds bụ oblong ahụ, n'akụkụ aka azụ. Ndị a ụlọ ọrụ nwere ihe pụrụ iche glomeruli nwere ike nzacha ọbara mmebi ngwaahịa.

Mmamịrị mmepụta nke ureters n'ime eriri afo, ebe ọ na-echekwara. Mgbe na-ejuputa, eriri afo muscle na abdominal n'elu cloaca belata mmiri mmiri atara atugharị site cloaca.

ọbara usoro

The esịtidem Ọdịdị nke ahụ frog bụ ihe mgbagwoju karịa azụ. The obi nke onye okenye frog, atọ-ogige, esịnede abụọ atria na ventricle. N'ihi na otu ventricular ọbara na venous ọbara ikpe weere, abụọ mgbasa na-kpam kpam iche. Infundibulum enwe a longitudinal helical valvụ na-akpali pụọ ventricle ma na-ekesa mbuaha ọbara ọbara na na dị iche iche arịa.

Nri atrium na-aga mbuaha ọbara: venous si esịtidem akụkụ, na ọbara - si anụ. Na ekpe atrium si n'akpa ume abatakwa ọbara ọbara.

Belata atria n'out oge, na ọbara nke abụọ wɔfrɛ wɔn T na a otu ventricle. N'ihi na Ọdịdị nke ahụ longitudinal valvụ ọbara ọbara aga ka akụkụ nke isi na ụbụrụ, weere - na akụkụ na akụkụ ahụ, na venous - ka akpụkpọ na akpa ume. Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-esi ike ịghọta esịtidem Ọdịdị nke ahụ frog. Na-akwọ ụgbọala amphibian ọbara usoro na-enyere aka iji anya nke uche otú nrugharị na-arụ ọrụ.

The ọbara usoro nke tadpoles nwere naanị otu mgbasa, otu atrium na otu ventricle, dị ka a azụ.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ frog na ọbara nke mmadụ bụ dị iche iche. Frog mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie nwere a ntọala, ihe oval udi, na a nwoke - a biconcave udi, na isi na-efu efu.

endocrine usoro

The endocrine usoro-agụnye awọ thyroid, omumu na pancreas, adrenal na pituitary glands. The thyroid gland emeputakwa homonụ mkpa maka ẹkụre metamorphosis ma na-enwe metabolism, mmekọahụ glands na-ahụ maka amụba. The pancreas na-abuana ke mgbaze nke nri, na adrenal glands aka mezie metabolism. The pituitary gland na-arụpụta a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke homonụ na-emetụta mmepe, ibu na-agba nke anụmanụ.

ụjọ usoro

The ụjọ usoro nke frog e ji a ala ozo nke mmepe, ọ bụ yiri na e ji mara na ụjọ usoro nke azụ, ma o nwere ihe elu atụmatụ. Ụbụrụ ekewa 5 ngalaba: n'etiti, n'etiti, n'ihu, medulla na cerebellum. The forebrain bụ ọma mepụtara na ekewa abụọ ammamihe, ọ bụla nke nwere a mpụta ventricle - a pụrụ iche oghere.

Na njikọ na-agbụ agbụ mmegharị na n'ozuzu enweghị omumu, ndị cerebellum bụ obere. Medulla ibu. All nke frog ụbụrụ nke iri na abụọ nke irighiri akwara.

uche ziri ezi

Ịrịba Ama mgbanwe amphibians uche ziri ezi ndị a na-mmepụta si okenye na-ajụ n'ala akọrọ. Ha na-ama ihe siri ike karịa na azụ, dị ka kwesịrị inyere ịnyagharịa na na mmiri na ala. Na tadpoles mepụtara mpụta akara akụkụ.

The zoro ezo oyi akwa nke epidermis mgbu, tactile na okpomọkụ na-anabata ya. Papillae na ire, elu-igwe na jaws nke ọrụ nke akụkụ nke uto. olfactory akụkụ iso nke paired olfactory akpa nke na-meghere dị ka elu na n'ime imi n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi na oropharyngeal uji eze, karị. Na mmiri, na n'oghere imi emechi, esi ísì ozu adịghị eme.

Dị ka anụ mepụtara n'etiti ntị nke unit ka ikowa ụda vibrations site eardrum.

frog anya Ọdịdị gbagwojuru anya, n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa iji hụ n'okpuru mmiri na na ala. Chebe n'anya ndị okenye ibughari mbubere na nictitating akpụkpọ ahụ. Na tadpoles narị afọ n'ebe ahụ. The cornea bụ anya frog convex oghere - lenticular. Amphibians ịhụ nnọọ ezu na nwere agba ọhụụ.