Georgian Military Road - akụkọ ihe mere eme na modernity. State, okporo ụzọ, ihu igwe, na-aga na ebe na map Georgian Military Road

Georgian Military Road bụ kpọmkwem ogologo nke 192 kilomita. Na 1799, dị ka ụbọchị nke directories na ya gbanwee Iweputa nkwurịta okwu. Agbara akara ya n'okporo ụzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahọrọ na-aga ụkwụ ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala, i nwere ike ịhụ a ọcha signpost. Na nke ọ bụla n'akụkụ nke Omume kilomita site Tbilisi na Ordzhonikidze. Ebe a na-esite na-Georgian Military Road, nke nwere a map na guidebooks.

Isi

Georgian Military Road (picture egosi n'okpuru) na-agba site na anọ ndutịm distrikti nke mba: Tbilisi, Dusheti, Mtskheta na Kazbek. Mejupụtara bi data mpaghara kpọrọ ndị na ebe ethnographic ka Mtiuleti, Kartli na Mohevi. Isi na-arụ nke ndị obodo bụ oru ubi na anụmanụ husbandry. Ugbu a ọtụtụ ọtụtụ obodo nta mee obere ulo oru na-arụ nhazi nke ịnweta ngwaọrụ na-akọ ugbo na ngwaahịa.

oge a nhọrọ

Georgian Military Road taa bụ ụzọ kacha nso si Ordzhonikidze na Tbilisi, ma ọ bụ Anglịkan. 5:00 - nke a bụ karịa nke na ọ pụrụ imeri, ke adianade do, ọ bụ ihe kasị adaba. N'ihi na ha tụnyere: ogologo nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè bụ banyere 1400 kilomita, na-eme ka ndị dị otú ahụ a na njem, o nwere ike ruo 35 awa.

The ụzọ amalite na ndagwurugwu osimiri Terek, mgbe adahade n'elu ya, na-aga na ọnụ ọnụ ugwu na-aṅụju, rushes ruo Cross Pass. Georgian Military Road-ekokwasị n'elu Valley nke Aragvi, ebe a na-esite Mletsky ụmụ. Ọ na-ahụ kọwakwuru na-aghọ ndị ọzọ saa mbara. On n'akụkụ ị pụrụ ịhụ ewepụghị emeghe ohere, dotted na ubi mkpụrụ osisi na ubi. Mgbe ahụ ekpe, mgbe ahụ nri akpamfia dị iche iche niile. Ọzọkwa, izute oge ochie isi obodo nke Georgia - Mtseha. Ebe kwagara gafee Kura, ndị njem na-na Tbilisi. Sinik mma, n'oké ugwu - niile a na-eme ka o kwe omume na-elegharị Georgian Military Road taa. The weather bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, na a doro anya ụbọchị i nwere ike ịhụ ihe niile mma nke ebe.

ya mere eme

Kemgbe oge ochie maara ụzọ na-agba ọsọ site na ndagwurugwu Aragvi na Terek. Na oge ochie mere kwuru banyere nke a ụzọ. Na ihe edemede banyere Iberia Greek ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Strabo dere nke ya dị ka ize ndụ ma na-esi ike ugwu ụzọ. Njem, onye anwa anwa gaa nke a ụzọ, nwere a ndiọk njem. Anyị nwere ịrị elu, tinyere ndị ụzọ, ka warara na ha nweere onwe ha gbasaa mmadụ abụọ bụ agaghị ekwe omume. The ebe e wusiri ike dị na Daryal akpiri, na ihe ndị kasị keerughi na warara gbalaga. Ebe a bịara mara dị ka "ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Georgia." Nkwenye nke a bụ na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị. Ha na-ekwu na-awagharị awagharị si n'ebe ugwu mgbe niile wabara. N'ihi nke a, iwu nke onye nke Georgian eze nke kacha dịrị warara nke akpiri Darubal tọrọ nkume. Mgbe e mesịrị na otu n'ime ebe e wusiri ike, e wuru elu ọnụ ọnụ ugwu. Osisi ọnụ ụzọ ámá, ígwè-agbụ, eyịride na konkiri nkume nso ya. "Darian" na Persian asụsụ pụtara "Gate nke Alans". Ugbua na mmalite nke oge anyị Alans biri na Caucasus. Ha busoro ekpegara agha Iberia, nke dabeere na Georgia, maka onwunwe nke ugwu gafee. Nke a na-ìhè site akụkọ ihe mere eme ndekọ. Ndị na-akpọ akpiri Aragviyskimi n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá. Mkpọmkpọ ebe nke oge ochie ebe e wusiri ike nweburu agha pụtara, chekwara na ụbọchị anyị. Georgian Military Road ugbu a ụgha n'etiti ndị ọmarịcha echiche. N'ụzọ i nwere ike na-enwe mmasị a akụkụ nke ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbidi, nke a na-akpọ "The Castle nke Tamara".

mmepe

The uru ama Georgian Military Road, ka oge na-aga. Na feudal ụfọdụ, heyday nke mba ya ọrụ ka a ahia uzo amụbawo ịrịba. Na XVIII narị afọ na Russian-Georgian mmekọahụ aghọwo nso, na ụdi guzobere a agha jikọrọ aka. Mgbe ahụ malitere ọzọ na-adọ nke okporo ụzọ development. N'oge ọchịchị nke Catherine II Russian agha e zigara Georgia, mgbe n'oge Russian-Turkish clashes Georgian agha wee akụkụ ke agha megide ndị Turks na South Caucasus. Mgbe a na ogbo, ndị track bụ ike ike n'ihe niile. The ụzọ tinyere ọ paired na ọrụ ike na a nnukwu igbu oge. Ihe atụ, na 1799 n'ebe dị anya site na Vladikavkaz na Tbilisi Russian detachment n'okpuru iwu nke General Lazarev merie karịa ụbọchị 30.

mkpa

Mgbe e guzobere mba abụọ 'mmekorita Georgian Military Road aghọwo ọbụna ihe usoro mkpa. N'oge ahụ, a na-akpọ "Daryal". Ọ malitere usoro nke nwughari, nke chọrọ nnọọ ole na ole ego. Maka nchedo nke njem niile ụzọ wee malite ịpụta wusiri ike. The mbụ redoubt e wuru na mmalite. Ọdịdị gụnyere ike ụlọ nche na ogige ndị agha, nke chọpụtara a echebe agha. Enịm nso n'okporo ụzọ ụlọ, ebe ike gwụrụ ndị njem nwere ike iri ihe na zuru ike tupu n'isi azụ a ogologo njem. Military wusiri ike a na-akpọ redoubts, nyere aha nke mmezi Redant. Ebe ndịda, e wuru Dzheharovskaya e wusiri ike. Mkpọmkpọ ebe ya na-chebere ta. Ke akpa ọkara nke XIX narị afọ na Daryal akpiri wuru ọzọ e wusiri ike, n'obi ka a agha agha. The interiors kpamkpam n'anya, mgbe mgbidi na-ka o guzo. Dusheti obodo nta ụzọ e me na 1859. Mgbe afọ anọ, ọ na-enwe ya ukara oghere. Mgbe ahụ, ọ nwetara ya ugbu a aha kama nke mbụ.

Nke ahụkebe mkpa n'oge WWII

Georgian Military Road keere òkè dị mkpa n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ọ bụ ụzọ kasị nso njikọ South Caucasus na Caucasus. Georgia bụ n'okpuru mwakpo nke German onye fasizim mwakpo. Agha ịgbachitere Ordzhonikidze, e gburu. Na ebe n'akụkụ aka Georgian Military Highway n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu, ọ bụ ihe kacha ọbara na ọkụ agha. Na ebe ndị a na ọ e rụrụ a dike agha maka Caucasus. Na Ndida mben Terek River na Urukh e wepụtara otu n'ime e. Ọ gara mma guzobe nke German onye fasizim mwakpo. Mgbe ndị agha jide akụkụ nke Maikop na North Caucasus, ha gbalịrị na-esi na mmanụ ubi nke Grozny na ahụ-agbaji na Baku, na si n'ebe ndị agha ụzọ - na Georgia.

Background na ebumnobi nke isonyere

George si inem kwubiri na njedebe nke XVIII narị afọ, e mere ndị Russian Protectorate n'elu Eastern Georgia. Na mba ndị agbata obi nke onye ahụ dị nkwekọrịta mere ka a ife nke afọ ojuju. Kwadoro site Turkey Dagestan òtù ndị omempụ ghọrọ nkịtị ka ndokwa na-agbawa obi raids. Na 1795, ndị Peshia agha weghaara Tbilisi, zuuru ya ma kpọọ ya ọkụ n'ala. Ala-eze di egwu na mbibi. Population ojuju ruru a njọ. The ikpeazụ Georgian eze manyere-arịọ maka enyemaka si Russian ọchịchị iji zọpụta ala si na-egbu egbu mbibi na ikpochapu.

Ikpeazụ ogbo

Na 1801, Georgia akpatre sonyeere Russia. The manifesto e banyere on a 12th September. Na ọnọdụ a, ọ bụ nanị ihe ngwọta maka mba, n'ihi na nke ndị mmadụ na-egwu site ohu Persia na Turkey. N'oge ahụ, okpukpe na omenala mmepe nke abụọ na-ekwu, ndị kasị yiri, ma n'otu larịị. Ọzọkwa, Russia nwere ume dị mkpa iji na-enwe ike ike ndị dị mkpa na ọnọdụ maka mmepe nke na-arụpụta agha nke Georgian steti na dịrị n'otu disparate ókèala.

obodo akụkụ

The n'ebe ugwu nke ebe ụzọ na-agba ọsọ site na ethnographic n'ókèala Khevi. Nke a na okwu na Georgian asụsụ pụtara "ndagwurugwu". N'ihi nke a, ndị obodo a na-akpọ kaniyon-ndị ikom ma ọ bụ mohevtsami. Ugbu a ndị district-ekpuchi ebe ndị karịrị 1,000 square kilomita. Ọ erukwa si obodo nke Upper Lars na Cross Pass. The bi - banyere 9000 mmadụ. Dị ka ndutịm ụkpụrụ Arọ bụ Kazbegi district, nke na-agụnye abụọ na anọ Ossetian Georgian obodo kansul. Kazbegi bụ ndutịm center nke obodo. Dịtụ nso nso, o jisiri ike na-ọnọdụ nke a obodo. Na Kazbegi eduzi afọ iri gara aga ka họpụtara dị ka a obodo. Ndị mbụ mmezi ke ikpehe, emi odude ke akpiri nke Sno Gudashaurskoy Aragvi na Terek. Ha malitere ogologo oge tupu oge. Ọtụtụ narị afọ gara aga Arọ district e esịne ke Duchy nke Aragvi. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ghọọ otu nọọrọ onwe ha ebe na-kewaa ọtụtụ ebe. Ebube n'etiti ha bụ ndị district nke Edo, na etiti nke nke bụ St. Stephen - oge ochie aha nke obodo nke Kazbegi. Ọ na-ejikọrọ na aha a mọnk ahụ ozugbo zọpụta ndị bi n'obodo nta ahụ si idei mmiri.

technical itunanya

Na 1814, okporo ụzọ na Georgian Military Highway e mere o kwere omume n'ihi wheeled ugbo ala. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ haziri a ngwa ngwa e-mail ozi na-aghaghị Tiflis na St. Petersburg. Iri afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị, na otú a nke Iweputa ịnyịnya nzi ozi ọrụ hazie. Ịnọgide na-enwe a mgbe nile na mma-Itie chọrọ mgbe nile di ike. Ihe m bụ n'oge ahụ na-Georgian Military Road? Status of ngafe n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị larịị-akwado site na obodo. karịsịa dị ize ndụ na ike ikw ebe gburugburu ya ma na Daryal akpiri bụ. N'oge a, mgbe mgbe ime phenomena dị ka snow drifts na snow. Iji chebe ndị njem agafe nwedịrị ike ịta mpaghara, nwere iji rụọ a ihe gallery.

Onye ama ama nke nkpoda

Kpọmkwem n'azụ ngafe site a nnọọ nkpoda ụzọ. Nke a bụ ma ama Mletsky ụmụ. Ọ doo karịa 200 mita na ndagwurugwu nke osimiri Aragvi. The usoro nke ya na-ewu malitere na sixties nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Na-edu a ngo nyere iwu bi Statkovskogo. Mgbe engineer si a njem Western Europe, enye ama ọkọnọ a atụmatụ maka nwughari nke ụzọ sadulu. The oru ngo e mma. The ewu were afọ isii. Mletsky ụmụ e wuru na a nnọọ ike ma dị ize ndụ ọnọdụ. Builders nwere imeri ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi iji egbutu nzọụkwụ n'ime nkume, nke a pụrụ iji obi ike ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi na-arụ ọrụ. O sina dị, n'ihi bụ kwesịrị otuto nile. Mletsky ụmụ bụ ihe nlereanya pụtara ìhè nke engineering art na-emetụta okwu ire ụtọ nke ụzọ e. Ná ngwụsị nke mkpọda e a isi iyi na a na-egwu mmiri.

ugbu a dị adị n'ezie

Ebe ọ bụ na 2006, site na Russia Georgian Military Road a na-emechi maka ihe ebighị ebi oge. Anụmanụ na ihe mere ndị nkwusioru nke njem jere ozi dị ka a nwughari nke ebe nnyocha. N'eziokwu ahapụ Russian Federation na Georgia na ụzọ iga iwu otú agaghị ekwe omume. Na 2010, ndị na-achịkwa ụlọ ọzọ malitere-arụ ọrụ. N'ihi Armenia, oghere nke ala na resumption nke nkwurịta okwu bụ nke paramount mkpa. Georgian Military Road bụ na-emeghe ọzọ, na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke Republic nke ngwongwo nwere ike a ga-ebu nanị ihe karịrị ya.