Gịnị bụ a kabinet nke curiosities? Description, akụkọ ihe mere eme na modernity

"Ị ga-abụ na St. Petersburg, jide n'aka na ileta Kunstkammer!" - a ikpeazụ okwu na-akawanye ọ bụla njegharị, esenowo nke ugwu isi obodo. Gịnị bụ a kabinet nke curiosities? Ọtụtụ bụ a okwu metụtara na ihe pụrụ iche, obere ma ikpọ. Ọ ahuwo Nnam si ochie ụbọchị, ihe n'ebe dị anya ...

Isiokwu kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ihe ndị curiosities, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya e kere eke na ugbu a ọnọdụ.

echiche

E nwere a akụkọ mgbe na Peter m mgbe na-eje ije Vasilyevsky agwaetiti hụrụ abụọ ịtụnanya pine: otu alaka n'ụzọ ụfọdụ n'amaghị ihe kpatara pulitere site ogwe nke ọzọ. Nke a pụrụ iche na ụkpụrụ na-echeta impressionable Emperor. O chere na nke a gimmick na a afọ ole na ole mgbe ịga a diplomatic ozi 1697-1698 biennium. England na Holland. Mgbe ahụ, o zutere na-akpọ "kabinet nke curiosities" na ndị a ma ama, ebe ha nọ na ụdị nile nke diva: zaspirtovannye ozu, stuffed anụmanụ, a collection of obere ụmụ ahụhụ. Ndị a bụ ndị nke mbụ Kunstkammer. Okwu si sụgharịa German pụtara "art ụlọ".

History nke e kere eke na Russia

Peter mmasị na ya nke ukwuu ebube ụlọ, na mgbe ha lọtara, ọ mbụ wee a yiri ndokwa nke kabinet n'ulo eze. Na Holland, ọ na-amụta Ntụziaka nke agbasi ozu, 30 000 Dutch guilders ka enwetara dum "office Ruysch". N'ọdịnihu, adịghị skimp, ịzụta Ọkaakaa obere akwụkwọ, ngwá, dị iche iche na ngwaọrụ, pụrụ iche arịa na eke ebube ná mba ọzọ. Mgbe ọ nyere iwu dị ka nke onye ọ bụla hụrụ ihe ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ obere ihe, m nwere na-agafe ya na ihe e kere eke nke "curiosities kabinet". Si niile n'akụkụ nke buru ibu Russian Alaeze Ukwu ke office malitere enubata ịtụnanya ihe. N'oge na-adịghị na ha na-enwe nnọọ ọtụtụ na ha na-enịm na ulo. Ukwuu na-echekwara ke pụrụ iche cellars, nnọọ iwe Peter, bụ onye dị njikere itinye niile nke curiosities na ngosi.

Mgbe nyefe nke isi obodo si Moscow na St. Petersburg ma kwaga a obibi ọhụrụ, Peter m kwagara ọhụrụ ebe na ya curiosities. Nwa oge, o tinyere ha na Obí nke ihere Boyar Kikin, bụ onye a chụgara si isi obodo na siizi onwunwe maka ewere akụkụ na a gbara izu ọjọọ megide eze ukwu. The eze nyere n'iwu, "Kikin Chambers" ịkpọku mba ọzọ omume "Cabinet nke curiosities". Nke a mere na 1714. N'afọ a, na a mụrụ m n'ime ụwa mbụ Russian curiosities onye foto ugbu a achọ onye ọ bụla ndu Peter.

mwube nke ụlọ

Pita collection ngwa ngwa na-eto. Na 1717, ọzọ na Holland e kpamkpam enwetara site Seb na akaụntụ maka 15 puku. Dutch guilders. N'oge na-adịghị niile ụkpụrụ nwere ike dabara na "Kikin Chambers." Emere ha ihe ha curiosities na-ekwe omume nke na-egosipụta ihe niile na-achọ inwere ndị eze ukwu nyere iwu na-ewu nke a pụrụ iche ụlọ. N'ihi ya dịpụrụ adịpụ J.Randall ebe akụ nke Vasilevsky Island nso ulo eze na mkpa ala oru.

Oru ngo-a mepụtara-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Mattarnovi. The mbụ nkume nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke ama ngosi nka e hiwere na July 1718 Mgbe e mesịrị na ụlọ gụnyere ndị dị otú ahụ a ma ama nke nna ukwu dị ka Gerbel, Zemtsov na Kiaveri.

Grand mmeghe nke Kunstkammer ẹkenịmde ke November 1728, mgbe ọ gụchara ọrụ biri naanị na 1734

N'adịghị ka Russian kunstkamery si European

The mbụ "cabinets nke curiosities" pụtara na Europe n'oge Renaissance na 15-16 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Gịnị bụ a kabinet nke curiosities, nke a bara ọgaranya isi, bụ onye nzube bụ ime ndị ọbịa? Ọ bụ naanị a haphazard collection of obere na ọhụrụ ihe, na-egosipụta na "ozizi" nke ha nwe.

Pita curiosities na akọwara n'elu, e turu ime bụghị dị ka ihe assemblage nke àkù, ma dị ka a collection nke na-akpali arịa na nwere ike ije ozi dị ka izi na nkà mmụta sayensị na nzube. Nchekwa na systematization nke ụkpụrụ e nyere ndị meperela anya ndị mmadụ. N'oge dị iche iche, ndị nduzi ma ọ bụ ọrụ nke a "kabinet nke Peter" ndị Baiburin, Barthold, Gumilyov, Lomonosov, Struve, Sternberg, Pallas, Severgin na ndị ọzọ na ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ha anakọtara kasị dị iche iche ihe onwunwe - bụghị naanị jọrọ njọ, ma ọ bụ ụtọ curiosities, ma adị kwa ụbọchị ihe ndị na-enwe nnukwu ethnographic na akụkọ ihe mere pụtara, bara uru na nkà mmụta sayensị na uche nke ụmụ ahụhụ na collection, stuffed nnụnụ, nākpu akpu, azu na ụmụ anụmanụ, kere ihe anatomical na mineralogical ngalaba.

Mgbe e kere eke nke Russian Academy nke Sciences na 1724. The isi na isi mmalite nke kabinet nke curiosities bu ihe si na nkà mmụta sayensị njem ndị mmadụ merela Miller, Krasheninnikov, Messershmity, Lisiansky, Maclay, Bellingshausen, Kruzenshtern.

Gịnị bụ a kabinet nke curiosities Russian? Ọ bụ a ngosi nka, otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie na ndị kasị baa ọgaranya n'ụwa, ku n'aka nke Russian Academy nke Sciences.

na-akpali eziokwu

Site n'ubọchi mbu nke curiosities, a foto nke nke e nyere n'okpuru ebe a, na iji nke Peter m e megheere niile nwere mmasị owo. Entry na nnyocha nke ngosi bụ free.

Peter m kere a nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ ngalaba na ihe ngosi nka onye ngosi bụ anụmanụ na ndị mmadụ na nwa ntụpọ - Cyclops, ọtụtụ-agha, na siren si syndrome na ndị ọzọ na abnormalities. Na e bụghị nanị gbasie ozu ozu na Nigeria, ma na-ebi ndụ dwarves, nnukwu anụ na nnukwu anụ na-ebi ndụ na ihe ngosi nka na-efu nke ọha na eze na-edebe akụ.

The Emperor maara bụla ibe nke collection "na ihu" na bụ ezigbo ndu obi ụtọ nke na-agwa ha ka ha na ya ọbịa.

Taa, ihe ngosi nka nwere 1.2 nde. Ngosi!