Gịnị bụ a okpomọkụ-egbochi ihe onwunwe. Kwes mkpuchi ihe: GOST

Ọchịchọ obibi gị ọkụ na cozier nkịtị ka niile nwe suburban onwunwe. Na ụlọ bụ n'ezie elu mma mkpuchi, i kwesịrị na-ahọrọ nri okpomọkụ-egbochi ihe onwunwe. The oge a ahịa awade a dịgasị iche iche nke nhọrọ maka ụlọ okpomọkụ. Ọ dịghị mkpa iji ochie turf ma ọ bụ akpaetu, dị ka e nwere ọtụtụ ịhọrọ. Tụlee ihe mkpuchi ihe ndị na ina taa.

Basalt rock (GOST 9573-96)

Basalt okpomọkụ mkpuchi ihe enwetara site na agbaze nke nkume, nke na-njikọ ihe na-kwukwara na-enye olu. Nke a mkpuchi na-enye ohere okpomọkụ njigide n'ime ụlọ, ke adianade do, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe magburu onwe ụda mkpuchi na ọkụ nchebe. The ụlọ Họpụtaranụ eji basalt aga n'ihu eriri ma ọ bụ staple. Mgbe ogologo oge ojiji nke ndị dị otú ahụ ihe onwunwe agaghị agbaji ọbụna n'okpuru nduzi nke radieshon. Nke a-egbochi ihe onwunwe na-atara ke ụdị ute ma ọ bụ na-apụta ire ọkụ retardant ọkasị mma eriri. The uru nke ndị dị otú ahụ mkpuchi nwere ike na-agụnye:

1. Ọrụ ekwe omume okpomọkụ iche.
2. Iguzogide mmetụta odida na iche na - jụrụ kpo oku.
3. High chemical eguzogide.
4. Fire nchebe.
5. Environmental ịdị ọcha.
6. Long ọrụ ndụ.

Rụrụ ọma egbochi ihe onwunwe "vermiculite", a layered ịnweta Ọdịdị. Mgbe kpo oku na filament nwetara nke na-kwukwara na-ndị ọzọ mmiri, si otú iji nweta ihe-egbochi ihe onwunwe. N'ihi elu-edu nwekwara emepụta ihe, bụ eguzogide ọgwụ kasị emerụ ihe. Eji dị ka a okpomọkụ-egbochi ihe ndochi na dị iche iche okpomọkụ.

Foamed polypropylene (GOST 26996-86)

Magburu onwe mkpuchi ihe n'ihi na ọkpọkọ - foamed polypropylene. The emechi porous Ọdịdị, ezigbo elu, ezi mmiri na-eguzogide, elu ike na iguzogide corrosive mmetụta nke ihe onwunwe ka na-ewu ewu. Environment enyi na enyi na-abụghị ndị na-egbu egbu ihe na-enye ohere maka a ogologo oge ịnọgide na ya ịrụ ọrụ.

Fibreboard

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ elu-edu thermal mkpuchi ihe maka n'ala, ntị ka fibreboard. Ha na-dabere na softwood eriri, n'ihi ya, ha dị iche iche ebe obibi na nchekwa. Efere na-akwado ya site na miri na nhazi nke osisi. Ya mere, ndị ikpeazụ ihe na-egosi na irè thermal mkpuchi. N'ihi na nke a, na efere MDF na ọtụtụ-eji ewu dị ka a thermal egbochi ihe ihe maka ndokwa roofing usoro, mgbidi, uko ụlọ na ala. Iche na-agụnye:

1. Ọ dịghị ibutere gburugburu ebe obibi ma na udo nke imegharị ihe maka iji.
2. Iguzogide okpomọkụ mgbanwe.
3. Good egbochi ihe Njirimara.
4. Mụbara hygroscopicity na mmiri absorption.

Wood eriri mkpuchi ihe onwunwe (GOST 4598) na-kere ke ụdị efere ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nke nnukwu size, esịnede a pulp ịkpụzi na doro ka ikpo ọgwụgwọ.

Liquid mkpuchi ihe

N'etiti oge a-egbochi ihe ihe nwere ike kwuru dị otú ahụ ụdị dị ka mmiri mmiri. Na ha isi akụrụngwa na-bọọlụ mere nke ceramik ma ọ bụ sịlịkọn, nke iso nke pụchara ikuku. The bọọlụ dabara n'ime latex ngwakọta ọzọ acrylic tangles dị iche iche nwekwara na gbochie omume nke corrosion. A mmiri mmiri egbochi ihe onwunwe na-etinyere ka agba, na mgbe na-agwọ forms a okpomọkụ mkpuchi oyi akwa, abụghị usụhọde omenala ụdị heaters ya arụmọrụ Njirimara. Isi atụmatụ a ihe onwunwe bụ:

• mma na mmiri na okpomọkụ mkpuchi;
• corrosion nchebe;
• mfe nke na ngwa na idozi;
• Long ọrụ ndụ.

Liquid mkpuchi na-etinyere na n'elu nke ala ma ọ bụ ịgba, si otú ọbụna oyi akwa nke 1 cm bụ iji belata okpomọkụ ọnwụ ka a kacha nta. Na mba anyị, na-eji eme ihe bụ ma dị ka mgbe ọ dị na mbụ heaters, ma ekele na magburu onwe waterproofing na mgbochi corrosive Njirimara, ọ na-achọta ya na-azụ.

Kwes-egbochi ihe onwunwe mmiri mmiri agbaso n'ụzọ zuru okè ka niile iche nke na-ebupụta, gụnyere metal na plastic. Mgbe imeghachi omume na ha na-etolite a na-agbanwe film, nke ike na njupụta. The emeputa jide n'aka na-egbochi ihe Njirimara na-edebe ruo afọ 15. Isi uru nke mmiri mmiri insulator - na lightness, fineness, o kwere omume na ngwa dị iche iche okpomọkụ na incombustibility. Ọtụtụ-eji ụgbọelu, aerospace, shipbuilding ụlọ ọrụ, na-ewu nke residential na ulo oru ụlọ, anwụrụ mkpuchi.

jikọtara ihe

Ịhọrọ a oge a na okpomọkụ na-egbochi ihe onwunwe, ntị ka a na-akpọ mbughari mkpuchi. Ọ dị mkpa ka gụchara hatches, oyiyi akwa, valves, turbines na okpomọkụ si -40 ka +700 degrees. The mejupụtara ihe nke abụọ n'ígwé - n'ime mkpuchi jupụtara ozugbo (dị ka eji na a ịnweta ajị, iko ajị ma ọ bụ foamed roba), na-emepụta ihe mpụga mesikwuru faiba glaasi dị iche iche Polymers. Anọghị ngwa ngwa ụgwọ atụrụ, larịị nke okpomọkụ ọnwụ na-ebelata ka 95% na anwụ ngwa ngwa nke imecha bụ banyere 30 afọ. N'ihi dị otú ahụ a abụọ-layered Ọdịdị ihe onwunwe na-mkpa ime ka eji na aka ike climates.

Materials na ndabere nke silica

Ndị a okpomọkụ insulators adọta uche nke iguzogide okpomọkụ - ha ga-eji n'enweghị na na 1000 degrees. Na ndabere nke silica eriri ute na-kere ndị na-adịghị na ndị magburu onwe thermal mkpuchi, ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọma teplozaschitniki ogige. Ndị a ihe na-n'ọtụtụ ebe na-echebe mgbidi site na mmetụta nke ọkụ, nakwa dị ka ndị ụlọ na mkpa ọzọ nche. Dị otú ahụ ihe mkpuchi ihe maka mgbidi - a oké nhọrọ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ewu ewu na ihe ndị a na ụdị pụrụ kwuru eco-enyi na enyi na dị nnọọ siri ike mkpuchi "Supersilika".

Ma ịnweta ajị ute

Ụzọ akacha nke okpomọkụ nke ogige - bụ ojiji nke ịnweta owu. Efere na-eme n'oge-agbaze nke nkume, ebe na mmepụta usoro na-atụkwasịkwara a ngwakọta nke sịntetik binders netinye ekara isiokwu. Ịnweta mkpuchi onwunwe - a eluigwe na ala ngwọta n'ihi na ọ ga-eji nyaa ọkụ ụlọ nke ụdị ọ bụla. efere Production bụ dị na GOST 9573-96, na ha na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ ige.

A mgbanwe nke ịnweta eriri - iko owu. Ọ bụ ihe ike ike anọgidesi, dị iche iche njupụta, iguzogide omume nke shrinkage esiwọrọ anọgide na-emebibeghị ọbụna mgbe ogologo oge n'ebe vibrations.

Efere nke mụbara rigidity na-dabere na sịntetik binders. Ekele ha, a elu ike na nnukwu size nke ihe onwunwe, n'ihi ihe bụ uru dị ukwuu ịzụta a thermal egbochi ihe onwunwe - na price ya ga-atọhapụ a obere, n'ihi na efere ga-ezuru a nnukwu ohere. On nkezi ha ga-akwụ 1,200 rubles kwa mkpọ (18 sq. M).

N'ụdị slabs ma ọ bụ nkanka ụfụfụ iko na-kere, nke na-enwetara site sintering a powder cullet na nkume nzu ma ọ bụ Anthracite. The pụrụ iche na atụmatụ nke ndị a ihe ndị ntu oyi na-eguzogide, ike, ala nke nhazi, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide.

Penoizol

Ọtụtụ nwe obodo ụlọ ga-agwa gị na porous "Penoizol" ụfụfụ n'ụzọ zuru okè ruru eru maka finishing nke a dịgasị iche iche nke ebe. Nke a bụ ihe kasị mma n'oge a mkpuchi ihe onwunwe nke nwere mmasị Njirimara. Firstly, na ọ nwere ala njupụta. Nke abuo, o nwere ike ịbụ a ọkụ, na òké. Nke atọ, na-emepụta na-ekwu na ihe kwes insulator bụ ike-adịgide adịgide maka 35 afọ. Taa, ihe ọtụtụ-eji na ala-ịrị elu ụlọ, na-ewu n'ụlọ nkwakọba, hangars na ndị ọzọ na mmepụta saịtị. Iche na-agụnye:

• iguzogide mmiri;
• Easy echichi;
• arụmọrụ;
• ala thermal conductivity.

foamglass

A ihe onwunwe bụ a mechiri emechi cell nwetara site na-asụ ụfụfụ a ngwakọta nke gburu iko na carbon. Nke a Ọdịdị na-enye a ala njupụta na ala nke mkpuchi ihe. The pụrụ iche na atụmatụ nke ụfụfụ iko pụrụ ịgụnye ndị na-esonụ:

1. High ike.
2. Fire nchebe.
3. Iguzogide mmiri.
4. Iguzogide n'ibu mebiri.
5. Ọ dịghị mkpa ka na-eji pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ mgbe arụ ọrụ.

Dị ka GOST 16381-77 ihe-akọ a slab ya ụdị, ma ụfụfụ iko isiokwu nwere ike ekara. Taa, a na mkpuchi na ọtụtụ-eji na ulo oru na obodo na-ewu, ewu nke okporo ụzọ na-eme egwuregwu, nakwa dị ka na-akọ ugbo oru.

perlite

Ndabere nke a mkpuchi ihe zuruoke ka mgbawa nkume na-chụọ n'ọrụ. The perlite nwere ruo 3% mmiri, nke na-amalite na-atụgharị n'ime a Alụlụụ mgbe ọ gụrụ okpomọkụ na evaporates. N'ihi ya, ọ na-enyo gbasaa perlite. N'ihi na porous Ọdịdị nke ihe ngosi ndị magburu onwe Njirimara vodozaschite, ọ ga-eji maka residential na ulo oru na-ewu. Perlite na-eji ike a kwes mkpuchi ihe, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume iji belata arọ nke ikpeazụ ihe onwunwe n'ụzọ 40%.

Roll mkpuchi "Ursa"

Nke a ihe onwunwe ka dọtara ntị n'ihi na ọ ga-eji maka gụchara ulo-ikwū-akụkụ, mgbidi, ala na uko ụlọ. Ọ bụ na e mere n'ụdị na-apụta, si otú huu a snug kwesịrị ekwesị, ebe ọnụ converge imewe ruru akwa ekwedo na compressibility. Ọzọkwa mkpuchi nke mgbidi na n'elu ụlọ na mkpuchi mpịakọta na-eji na anwụrụ mkpuchi, soundproofing ducts, na-na mma nke ulo oru na ngwá na nrụnye. Ya na-eri - 1300 rubles kwa mkpọ (1.2 m ^h).

"Penoplex"

Ndabere nke ihe a bụ polystyrene, na ya dị iche iche na iche iche na-eji maka nhazi dị iche iche na ntọala ọcha:

• "Penoplex 35" mkpa maka finishing nke ụlọ ntọala, ibu-amị owuwu na ụlọ.
• "Penoplex 45" na-eji maka thermal mkpuchi nke ala, nke na akaụntụ maka a nnukwu ibu, ntọala, ụzọ na w / d ụzọ.
• "Penoplex Standard" na-eji na thermal mkpuchi nke bases, ala, efere na piping usoro.

"Penoplex" si anagide mkpuchi, dị ka ọ na-egosi elu ike na anwụ ngwa ngwa, na-eguzogide ndị dị iche iche iche nke mmetụta, ọkụ na-eguzogide ma ala nke iji. Cost - 4000 rubles kwa 1 m ^h.

Flax na cellulose

Kwes mkpuchi ihe onwunwe na ndabere nke flax - ihe environmentally friendly na mma, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike n'enweghị eji maka mma n'ime ogige. Ọ na ọtụtụ-eji na ala-ịrị elu ewu na osisi ụlọ. N'ihi nke a na ihe onwunwe ime ụlọ ihu igwe na-ndammana usoro, ụlọ agaghị apụta ghọọ mmanụ, na ikuku na ya agaghị mmiri ma ọ bụ, ọzọ, na-akọrọ. Egbochi ihe ihe dabeere na flax ọtụtụ-eji maka gụchara uko ụlọ, n'ime ime mgbidi, mputa mgbidi, ala na uko ụlọ. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ihe ọnụ mkpuchi maka n'uko, nye mmasị na ihe dabeere na cellulose. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke boron na mejupụtara nke ihe ụlọ gị ga-echebe site ụmụ ahụhụ.

N'ihi ya, kwes mkpuchi ihe, nke ike-eji ihe ịchọ mma, taa ọkọnọ a nnukwu ego. Onye ọ bụla nwere ya uru na ọghọm, n'ihi ya, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ a eluigwe na ala ihe ngwọta ndị dabeere na mmasị gị, nke atụmatụ nke ebe obibi gị, nakwa dị ka ego ike. Na-echeta na eru na elu-àgwà thermal mkpuchi - a nkwa na n'ụlọ gị gị na ga-ekpo ọkụ, na i nwere ike ichekwa na ya n'ihu mmezi.