Gịnị bụ a square? Olee otú ịchọta vertices sectional ụgbọelu akụkụ, olu na akara ukwu nke a square n'akuku?

Azịza nke ajụjụ banyere ihe bụ square, nwere ike ịtọ. Ọ niile na-adabere onye ị gwara okwu a nke. The musician kwuru na square - a 4, 8, 16, 32 Ogwe ma ọ bụ Jazz improvisation. The nwa - na ọ bụ a egwuregwu na a bọl ma ọ bụ a ụmụ magazine. Na ngwa nbipute ga-ezitere gị na-amụ font size na akụrụngwa - metal-profaịlụ umu.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ na okwu a, ma taa anyị ga-ajụ ajụjụ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ. Ya mere ...

Obibi a na ọnụ ọgụgụ, anyị ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ, si mfe mgbagwoju, na-amalite na na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke square. Dị ka ọ pụtara n'ihu, dị ka aghọta ha site ndị mmadụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si mba dị iche iche na mepee?

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-amụ square

Ancient ụwa kacha enyi na square, tumadi dị anọ kadinal ihe. Ke ofụri ofụri, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ ndị quads, dị nnọọ na isi square nke ọnụ ọgụgụ - na anọ. N'ihi na ndị Asiria na Peruvian square - ụwa dum, ya bụ, ọ na-anọchi anya anọ bụ isi ntụziaka nke compass.

Ọbụna eluigwe na ala dị ka a square, na-ekewa anọ n'akụkụ - ọhụụ nke North America. N'ihi na Celts, eluigwe na ala - na ọ bụ ihe dị ka atọ square, kpara akwụ, na site na etiti nke osimiri anọ igba (!). Na ndi Ijipt nile na-efe a ọnụ ọgụgụ!

First kọwara mgbakọ na mwepụ formulas square Grik. Ma n'ihi na ha, a polygon nwere naanị-adịghị mma e ji mara. Pythagoras mere na-amasị ọbụna nọmba, na-ahụ ha dị ka adịghị ike na nwanyị.

Ọbụna okpukpe ugbu square. Na Islam, na Kaaba - otube nke ụwa - bụghị ụfọdụ * Tụkwasị, ya bụ a cubic udi.

Na India, isi grapheme na-anọchite anya ala, ma ọ bụ ụwa na akara, e rebaptized square. Ọzọ, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere anọ bụ isi ihe, na ihe anọ ahụ n'ógbè ụwa.

Na China, ihe square - a ụwa kwekọrọ na iji. Ọgba aghara na-emecha merie ụlọ square ịdị iche iche. A square ede a gburugburu, bụ ihe ndabere nke na-ahụ ụwa, na-anọchi anya ịdị n'otu na njikọ nke cosmos na Earth.

Na-ekpere arụsị Russia - Square Svarog. Nke a na akara na-akpọ Svarog Star ma ọ bụ Star nke Russia. Ọ bụ ezigbo mgbagwoju anya, dị ka mejupụtara intersecting na mechiri emechi e. Svarog - chi nke blacksmiths, isi kere, onye kere na elu-igwe onwe ya na ngosi nke rus. Nke a na akara bụ a rhombus, nke ọzọ na-ekwu okwu nke Earth na ya anọ ntụziaka. Na kpakpando na anọ ụzarị - 4 nkuku nke ụwa, Lika Svaroga 4 - ya omniscience. A ray nrutu - center.

Nti banyere square

The kasị ewu ewu na okwu nke na-abịa na-uche anyị protagonist - "Black Square".

Malevich Foto dị ka na-ewu ewu. Na-ede na mgbe ya e kere eke ogologo ahụhụ ajụjụ nke ihe ọ bụ na ihe mere a mfe nwa square na a na-acha ọcha ndabere otú adọta uche na ya onwe ya.

Ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-elerukwu anya nke ọma, ị ga-achọpụta na square ụgbọelu abụghị ezigbo, na na cracks nke nwa ink bụ a set nke multi-acha shades. O doro anya na, na mmalite, e nwere otu mejupụtara, nke na-ede akwụkwọ na-amasị, ọ na-emechi ya anya anyị a ọnụ ọgụgụ. Black square dị ka ihe ọ bụla - a nwa onu, naanị anwansi square udi. A adabaghi mara adọta ...

Ọzọ na-ewu ewu "anwansi n'ámá". N'ezie ọ bụ - a table, n'ezie, square juputa na nọmba nke ọ bụla kọlụm. The nchikota nke nọmba ndị a bụ otu ihe ahụ niile e nyere ahịrị, ogidi na diagonals (iche iche). Ọ bụrụ na ndị diagonals na-tutu amama si akụkụ, ndị square - semimagic.

Albrecht Dürer na 1514 kere sere "Melancholia m", nke e sere a 4x4 anwansi square. Ọ nchikota nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na ogidi, e nyere ahịrị, diagonals, na ọbụna n'ime square bụ iri atọ na anọ.

Na ndabere nke a tebụl nnọọ akpali ma na-ewu ewu puzzle - "Sudoku".

Ndị Ijipt bụ ndị mbụ na-ebu interconnection akara nọmba (ụbọchị ọmụmụ) na agwa àgwà, ikike na talent nke onye. Pythagoras were ihe ọmụma a, ole na ole esichara na enịm ke square. The pụta bụ a square nke Pythagoras.

Ọ nwere a iche iche ebe ke nọmba. Si ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke a onye gbakọọ site na-agbakwụnye na-anọ na isi nọmba na na-enịm ke Pythagoras Square (square). Na ẹkenịm niile zoro ezo ihe ọmụma banyere gị ike, ahụ ike, talent, chioma, temperament na ihe ndị ọzọ na shelves. Ná nkezi, ihe ziri ezi nke nnyocha ndị e mere bụ 60% -80%.

Gịnị bụ a square?

Square akpọ geometric ọgụgụ. Udi square - quadrilateral, nke nwere hà n'akụkụ na angles. More kpomkwem, ndị quadrangle akpọ ziri ezi.

The square nwere ya ihe ịrịba ama. Ha bụ:

• n'akụkụ nke hà n'ogologo;
• hà akụkụ n'etiti ha - ogologo (90 degrees).

N'ihi na ndị a ji mara na atụmatụ nke há nhata gburugburu nwere ike dere, na-akọwa ya gbara ya gburugburu. The circumscribed gburugburu bụ tangent niile nke ya vertices dere - n'etiti nke n'akụkụ. Ha na-elekwasị anya ga-adaba na center nke square na ga-eso ya nile diagonally na ọkara. Nke ikpeazụ, n'aka nke ya, na-hà ma kee nkuku nke square n'ime hà akụkụ.

Otu diagonal aghasasị square abụọ isosceles triangles, abụọ - na anọ.

N'ihi ya, ọ bụrụ na ogologo nke n'akụkụ nke a square - t, na ogologo nke okirikiri nke circumscribed gburugburu - R, na ihe e dere - r, mgbe ahụ,

• a square isi ebe ọ bụ square ebe (S) bụ hà S = t ² = 2R ² = 4r ^2;

• a square perimeta P ga-gbakọọ usoro P = 4t = 4√2R = 8r;

• na ogologo nke okirikiri nke gburugburu R = (√2 / 2) t;

• dere - r = t / 2.

A square isi ebe ka ekwe omume gbakọọ, ebe ọ maara ya n'akụkụ (a) ma ọ bụ ogologo nke ya diagonal (c), mgbe ahụ, nke usoro ga-apụta karị: S = a ² na S = 1 / 2c ^2.

Gịnị bụ square, anyị na-achọta. Ka anyị lebakwuo anya na nkọwapụta ahụ, n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke square bụ symmetrical rektangulu. O nwere ise anyu symmetry, na otu (anọ iji) agabiga center na bụ perpendicular na ụgbọelu nke square, na anọ ndị ọzọ - abụọ symmetry axis, ha abụọ bụ ihe yiri ka n'akụkụ, na abụọ ọzọ ngafe site diagonal nke square.

Ụzọ nke iwu a square

Dabere na definition, o yiri ka ọ dịghị ihe na-adị mfe karịa iwu a zuru okè square. Nke a bụ eziokwu, ma na ọnọdụ na i nwere niile n'ihe ngwaọrụ. Na ọ bụrụ na ihe bụ adịghị?

Ka anyị lee ẹdude ụzọ, nke ga-enyere anyị aka iru a ọnụ ọgụgụ.

Atụ onye na-achị na ka square - a bụ isi ngwaọrụ site na nke i nwere ike kasị mfe iru a square.

Na mbụ, akara ebe, na-ekwu A, anyị ga-ewu na ya a square isi.

Iji a onye na-achị, wezuga onwe-ya n'aka-nri a anya hà ogologo nke n'akụkụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ 30 mm, na ịtọ mgbe B.

Ugbu a, si abụọ ihe, iji gon perpendiculars swipe ruo 30 mm ọ bụla. Na nsọtụ nke perpendiculars set ihe C na D, nke ejikọrọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-eji a onye na-achị - niile square ABCD na n'akụkụ 30 mm njikere!

Iji a onye na-achị na protractor bụkwa ezi mfe iji rụọ a square. Na-amalite, dị ka na aga na ikpe na okwu, n'ihi na ihe atụ N, wezuga onwe-ya kwụ nkeji, n'ihi na ihe atụ 50 mm. Na-etinye uche O.

Ugbu a n'etiti protractor jikọọ na ebe H, na checkbox na n'akuku ⁰ 90, therethrough na a mgbe H Mee vetikal nke 50 mm n'ọgwụgwụ ya na a mgbe P. Ọzọkwa, n'ụzọ dị otú a na-ewu atọ nke si n'ókè O site n'akuku nke 90 ⁰ nke 50 mm, ka ọ na-akwụsị mgbe P. Jikọọ ntụpọ R na R. ị tụgharịa OGMF square na a n'akụkụ ogologo nke 50 mm.

Ọ bụ omume na-ewu a square, na-eji naanị compass na mee. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mkpa size nke square na mara maka ogologo nke akuku, ọ ga-mkpa ọzọ na mgbako.

Ya mere, na-etinye akpa ebe E - nke a ga-ọ nke vertices nke square. Next, họrọ ebe ebe ọ ga-emi odude abụghị vertex F, ie chere diagonal ebinta gị ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ewu a square na size, na ogologo nke n'akụkụ, gbakọọ ogologo nke diagonal nke usoro:

d = √2 * a, ebe a - n'akụkụ ogologo.

Ozugbo ị matara na ogologo nke diagonal ogologo nke ebinta ụlọ nke a bara uru. Site mgbe E na a caliper na ntụziaka nke ebe F ise a semisekel nke okirikiri ebinta. Kama nke ahụ, site n'ókè F - semisekel n'ebe ebe E, otu okirikiri. Site na nrutu ebe ndị a ọkara okirikiri, iji a onye na-achị, ise a nke njikọ. Ebinta na Gi irutu na nri akụkụ na diagonals bụ ọdịnihu nke a square. Jikọọ ntụpọ UOM, IL, ZHZ na ANYỊ na a onye na-achị, ị ga-enweta ihe e dere square EIZHZ.

Ọ bụ ka o kwere omume na-ewu a square na otu akara. Gịnị bụ a square? Nke a ụgbọelu òkè bounded site intersecting agba (edoghi ụzarị). N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike rụọ a square na-achịkọta ndị ya vertices. First Olee anyu. Akụkụ nke square nwere ike ịgha ụgha na ha, ma ọ bụ na nrutu nke diagonals nke center na-ekwekọ n'àgwà n'ókè nke si malite - ọ na-adabere na ọchịchọ gị ma ọ bụ nsogbu ọnọdụ. Ikekwe gị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ga-spaced si axis na ụfọdụ anya. Na nke ọ bụla, nke mbụ akara nke ọnụọgụ ụkpụrụ (enweghị usoro ma ọ bụ dabere), ha abụọ, mgbe ahụ, ị ga-amara n'akụkụ ogologo nke a square. Anyị nwere ike ugbu a gbakọọ na-achịkọta ndị fọdụrụ abụọ vertices, na-echeta na n'akụkụ nke square hà ọ bụla ọzọ na ndị yiri. The ikpeazụ nzọụkwụ - jikọọ na niile ntụpọ na usoro na onye ọ bụla ọzọ na a onye na-achị.

Gịnị bụ n'ámá?

Square - a ọgụgụ doro anya na nditịm ejedebeghị ha nkọwa, otú ahụ di iche iche nke n'ámá adịghị dị iche iche iche.

The square Euclidean jiometrị hụrụ ndị ọzọ ọtụtụ ebe - a quadrilateral na hà n'akụkụ na nkuku, ma ogo nke akụkụ a na-akọwapụtaghị. Nke a pụtara na akụkụ nwere ike 120 degrees ( "convex" square), na, n'ihi na ihe atụ, 72 degrees ( "concave" square).

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ajụ ihe bụ square na jiometrị ma ọ bụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ha ga-agwa gị na - ọ bụ a zuru ezu ma ọ bụ planar eserese (ogidi K ₁ site K _4). Na ọ bụ nnọọ eziokwu. The ọnụ nwere vertices na n'ọnụ ya. Mgbe ha na-elu na iwu na ụzọ, na-etolite a eserese. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke vertices - nke a bụ ka nke eserese, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'ọnụ - ya size. N'ihi ya, square - a planar eserese na anọ vertices na isii n'ọnụ, ma ọ bụ K _4: 6.

n'akụkụ nke square

Otu n'ime ndị isi ọnọdụ maka ịdị adị nke square - ọnụnọ nke hà-ogologo n'akụkụ - eme n'akụkụ dị ezigbo mkpa ka a dịgasị iche iche nke mgbawa. Ma n'otu oge na-enye ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị square n'akụkụ ogologo gbakọọ ke ọnụnọ nke a dịgasị iche iche nke isi iyi data.

Ya mere, esi chọta uru nke square?

• Ọ bụrụ na ị maara na ogologo nke diagonal nke square d, mgbe ahụ, i nwere ike gbakọọ ntụziaka nke ndị na-esonụ usoro: a = d / √2.
• Na dayameta nke dere gburugburu bụ n'akụkụ nke a square na, Ya mere, ugboro abụọ na okirikiri, ya bụ: a = D = 2R.
• Okirikiri nke gburugburu nwekwara ike nyere aka chepụta ihe bụ n'akụkụ nke square. Anyị nwere ike ịhụ na okirikiri R a n'obosara D, nke, n'aka, bụ hà diagonal nke a square d, na usoro maka diagonal nke square site anyị maara na: a = D / √2 = d / √2 = 2R / √2.
• Si hara nhata nke na ọ pụtara na ịmụta n'akụkụ nke a square (a) bụ kwe omume site ya perimeta P na ebe S: a = √S = P / 4.
• Ọ bụrụ na anyị maara na ogologo nke akara na-aga site na akuku nke square na obe n'etiti nke n'akụkụ n'akụkụ C, na anyị onwe anyị na-enwe ike ịhụ ihe bụ ogologo n'akụkụ nke square: a = 2C / √5.

Nke ahụ bụ otú ọtụtụ ụzọ e nwere ịhụ otú ahụ dị mkpa oke dị ka ogologo nke square.

olu square

Nkebi ahịrịokwu bụ ya bụ uche na-adịghị. Gịnị bụ a square? Nke a bụ a ụgbọelu ọgụgụ na-enwe nanị abụọ parameters - ogologo na obosara. Na olu? Nke a bụ a quantitative akparamagwa nke uwa ji nke ihe, ya bụ, na ọ nwere ike gbakọọ naanị na olu ozu.

Oyụhọ ahu, ihe nile nke ndị ihu bụ n'ámá - na cube. N'agbanyeghị nnukwu na isi ihe dị iche, ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agbalị gbakọọ olu nke a square. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị onye meta ya, na Nobel Nrite na-nyere.

Na chọpụta olu nke a cube V, ọ bụ zuru ezu ịmụba atọ nile ya ọgịrịga - a, b, c: V = a * b * c. Ma ebe ọ bụ na ha bụ site definition hà, nke usoro nwere ike anya dị iche iche: V = a ^3.

Ụkpụrụ Omume akụkụ na àgwà

The square, nakwa dị ka ọ bụla polygon, e nwere top - na nke a bụ mgbe na nke obe ya. The n'elu nke square ụgha na a gburugburu kọwara gburugburu ya. Site n'elu center nke square na diagonal gbatịrị, nke bụkwa bisector na na okirikiri nke circumscribed gburugburu.

Ebe ọ bụ na square - a ewepụghị ọnụ ọgụgụ, bee na-ewu a square cross-ngalaba bụ ekwe omume. Ma, ọ pụrụ ịbụ n'ihi nke nrutu nke ọtụtụ keukwu ahụ ụgbọelu. Dị ka ihe atụ, a cylinder. Axial ngalaba nke a cylinder - a rektangulu ma ọ bụ square. Ọbụna square nwere ike ime eme na nrutu nke ụgbọelu nke ahụ mgbe ọ bụla n'akuku!

Ma square e nwere ọzọ àgwà ndị cross ngalaba, ma ọ bụghị ụfọdụ, ma na-ọlaedo ngalaba.

Anyị niile maara na Golden ruru - a ruru nke otu onye bara uru na-akọ ọzọ nakwa dị ka ha nchikota ka a ibu uru. Ná nchịkọta, a na pasent bụ dị ka ndị: akwụkwọ uru (ego) ekewa site 62 na 38 percent.

The ọlaedo ngalaba bụ nnọọ ewu ewu. Ọ na-eji na imewe, ije, ee n'ebe ọ bụla, ọbụna na aku na uba. Ma ọ bụghị naanị nke hà nwetara site na Pythagoras. E nwere ihe atụ, ọbụna okwu bụ "√2". On ya ndabere na-ewu nke ike rectangles, nke n'aka nke na-founders formats otu A (A6, A5, A4, wdg). Gịnị mere na anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere ike rectangles? N'ihi na ha na-ewu na-amalite na a square.

Ee, mbụ mkpa ka ị na-ewu a square. Ya n'akụkụ ga-hà nta n'akụkụ nke rektangulu nke ọdịnihu. Mgbe ahụ mkpa ka ị jide diagonal nke square na iji compass, ogologo nke diagonal na-eyigharị n'ihu nke square. Site n'ókè-enwetara na nrutu na-ewu a rektangulu onye diagonal ọzọ ewu ihe ma na-eyigharị ogologo ya na ndọtị n'akụkụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ na atụmatụ a, ga-enweta nnọọ ike rectangles.

The ruru nke ogologo n'akụkụ obere akpa rektangulu bụ 0,7. Ọ fọrọ nke nta 0,68 na ọlaedo ngalaba.

The nkuku nke square

N'ezie, ihe ọhụrụ na-ekwu banyere akụkụ siri ike. All nke Njirimara, ha na-ịrịba ama nke square, anyị depụtara. Ma ihe ndị na nkuku anọ nke ha (dị ka ọ bụla quadrangle), onye ọ bụla n'akụkụ nke square - a ogologo akara, ya bụ, nwere a size nke iri itoolu degrees. Site definition, e nwere akụkụ anọ square. Ọ bụrụ na nkuku nke ibu ma ọ bụ nta - nke a bụ a dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ.

Diagonal nke a square ekewa na ọkara ya na nkuku, ie ha bụ bisectors.

square akụkụ

Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ka gbakọọ uru nke dị iche iche magnitudes na a square (square perimeta ogologo n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ na diagonals) eji dị iche iche arụmarụ, nke na-ewepụtara na Njirimara nke a square, na ndị bụ isi iwu nke jiometrị iwu.

1. akụkụ square ebe

Site arụmarụ gbakọọ quadrilateral n'ógbè ahụ, anyị maara na ọ na (na ebe) bụ ngwaahịa nke ogologo ya ma obosara. Na dị ka square n'akụkụ hà n'ogologo, n'ógbè ya ga-hà ogologo ma n'akụkụ, wuru nke abụọ ogo

S = a ^2.

Iji Pythagorean Theorem, anyị nwere ike gbakọọ ebe a square maara ogologo nke diagonal.

S = d ^2/2.

2. The akụkụ nke square perimeta

The perimeta nke square, nakwa dị ka ihe niile quadrangles, hà nchikota nke ogologo ya n'akụkụ, na ebe ọ bụ na ha na-niile ahụ, ọ nwere ike kwuru na ndị square nke perimeta bụ ogologo nke akụkụ, ba uba site anọ

P = a + a + a + a = 4a.

Ọzọ Pythagorean Theorem-enyere anyị aka ịchọta ndị perimeta site diagonal. Ọ dị mkpa akpọrọ diagonal ogologo ọtụtụ abụọ mgbọrọgwụ nke abụọ

P = 2√2d

3. akụkụ diagonal nke square

Diagonal nke a square na-hà irutu na nri akụkụ na kewara nrutu n'ókè nke abụọ.

Ị pụrụ ịhụ ha na ndabere nke n'elu arụmarụ nke ebe na perimeta nke a square

d = √2 * a, d = √2S, d = P / 2√2

E nwere ụzọ chọpụta ihe bụ ogologo nke diagonal nke a square. Okirikiri nke gburugburu ede a square na ọ bụ hà ọkara diagonal, n'ihi ya

d = √2D = 2√2R, ebe D - n'obosara, na R - okirikiri nke e dere gburugburu.

Ịmara na okirikiri nke circumscribed gburugburu, gbakọọ diagonal ọbụna mfe, n'ihi na ọ bụ n'obosara, i.e. d = D = 2R.

Ọ dịkwa ike gbakọọ ogologo nke diagonal, ebe ọ maara na ogologo nke akara apụta nkuku na etiti nke square C: d = √8 / 5 * C.

Ma echefula na square - a ụgbọelu ibé, bounded anọ intersecting e.

N'ihi na edoghi (na kpụrụ shapes na) e nwere ezu arụmarụ anaghị achọ n'ihu nkọwa, ma akara bụ adịghị agwụ agwụ. A kpaara polygons edoghi nrutu. N'ihi na ha na ọ bụ omume na-eji linear arụmarụ jikọtara na akọwapụta ihe guzozie e. Ma, ọ dị mkpa iji dee ọzọ kwa, ọnọdụ.

Iji chọpụta polygons ọ dị mkpa ka ihe dị otú ahụ akụkụ na ga-akọwa abụghị a akara ma a dị iche iche aka ike nkeji n'enweghi nnyonye anya ọzọ okwu na nkọwa.

_{[X / x i] * [} x i / x] * y i - na nke a bụ a pụrụ iche akụkụ maka polygons.

The square brackets na ya mgbe isịneke ọnọdụ bụ a fractional akụkụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ, ya bụ, anyị ga-ahapụ naanị dum nọmba. y _i - a ọrụ nke bụ na nso nke oke x ka x _i.

Iji a akụkụ, anyị ga-erite a ọhụrụ akụkụ gbakọọ tinye mgbalị na akara esịnede ọtụtụ agba. Ọ bụ a isi, eluigwe na ala maka polygons.

Cheta na square - na ọ bụ akụkụ nke ụgbọelu, otú ya nkọwa nke ụdị y = f (x) nwere ike na-anọchi anya, ihe ka ọtụtụ nanị dị ka a multi-kpọrọ ọrụ, nke, n'aka, nwere ike na-egosipụta n'ụzọ doro nnọọ anya ma ọ bụrụ na na-ewetara ha parametrically, ya bụ dabere na a oke t:

x = f (t), y = f (t).

Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na-eji na njikọ eluigwe na ala akụkụ na parametric onodi, ọ bụ ekwe omume n'ezie na-erite ihe akụkụ maka ngosipụta nke polygons:

x = ((A2 + A3) * A5 + A4 * P) * Cos (L)

y = ((A1 + A4) * A5 + A3 * P) * Sin (L),

ebe

A1 = [1 / [T / P]] * [T / P]; A2 = [2 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 2]; A3 = [3 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 3]; A4 = [4 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 4]; A5 = TP * [T / P],

ebe P - diagonal nke rektangulu, L - n'akuku nke nchepụta na kwụ, diagonal P, T - oke mgbanwe na nso P ka 5P.

Ọ bụrụ na L = 3,14 / 4, mgbe ahụ, akụkụ ga na-akọwa n'ámá nke dị iche iche nha, dabere na nke nke diagonal P.

The ojiji nke square

N'ụwa taa nke technology-ekwe ka ị itinye iche iche ihe square udi, ma ọ bụ karịa kpomkwem a square cross ngalaba.

Nke a bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu mma, dị ọnụ ala, ndị ọzọ inogide na odi mfe. Ya mere, ugbu a, na-eme square ọjà, ikpo, waya (wiring), na ọbụna a square na eri.

Main uru bụ doro anya, ha na-apụta nke mbụ jiometrị. Na otu ego nke dere gburugburu nke a square ebe nta karịa ebe nke ọ banyere, mmọdo, throughput ma ọ bụ ike oriri nke square tube nke square wires na-elu karịa nke gburugburu analogs.

Ọtụtụ mgbe consumables square ihe aesthetically ẹnamde na mfe iji, wụnye, efego.

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ndị a ihe, ọ dị mkpa n'ụzọ ziri ezi na gbakọọ square cross-ngalaba na-a waya ma ọ bụ ọjà guzogideworo mkpa ibu. Na nke ọ bụla, n'ezie, ga-mkpa parameters dị ka ugbu a ike ma ọ bụ nsogbu, ma na-enweghị isi geometric iwu nke square ike ime ebe a. Ọ bụ ezie na size nke square ngalaba na-abụghị nke ukwuu gbakọọ ka họọrọ nyere afọ nke tebụl setịpụrụ ọbịa dị iche iche ọrụ.