Heart valves: nkọwa, Ọdịdị, ọrụ ma na ntụpọ

Heart valves - onye nke mmiri nke mmadụ obi. Agbazi ọrụ ha na-enye bụghị nanị na ọrụ nke obi usoro, ma dum organism. N'ihi nke a, ọ bụ nnọọ mkpa ịmara otú ihe nke obi valves a onye, otú ha na-arụ ọrụ, esi amata ihe ịrịba ama nke valvular ọrịa.

mmadụ obi

Obi mmadụ bụ a oghere muscle. Ọ na-kpụrụ anọ ime-ulo: ekpe na nri atrium, nri na-ekpe ventricle. The atria ka ventricles jikọtara nku flaps. The obi n'afọ iri na ụma na-ebelata, na ọbara òkè-abịa site atria na ventricles. Semilunar valves jikọọ ventricles na ọbara arịa site na nke ọbara na-ejected si n'obi n'ime aorta na akpa ume akwara.

N'ihi ya, ọ na-aga site na nri ọbara-ulo na a elu ọdịnaya nke carbon dioxide na ngụgụ maka oxygenation. A ọbara si n'akpa ume site n'aka ekpe nke obi na-eduzi azụ n'ime n'ọbara. Huu mgbe nile pumping ọbara site na arịa - isi ọrụ rụrụ site obi.

obi valves

The valvụ ngwaọrụ a chọrọ na usoro nke na pumping ọbara. Heart valves ekwe ọbara na ziri ezi na na nri ibu. Valves - ya ogige nke dị n'ime lining nke obi muscle. Nke a na ụdị "ụzọ" nke gafere ọbara eruba na one direction ma gbochie ya ngagharị azụ. The valves na-meghere n'oge nke rhythmic mkpi nke obi muscle. Total na mmadụ obi nwere anọ valves, abụọ nku ma ọ bụ abụọ semilunar:

1. Bicuspid mitral valvụ.
2. Tricuspid tricuspid valvụ.
3. Semilunar valvụ nke akpa ume ogwe. Ya aha ọzọ - akpa ume.
4. Semilunar aortic valvụ ma ọ bụ aortic valvụ.

Heart valves na-emeghe ma na-emechi dị ka na-agbanwe agbanwe Mbelata nke atria na ventricles. Site ha synchronous ọrụ na-adabere n'ọbara arịa, ya mere oxygen saturation nke ahụ mmadụ mkpụrụ ndụ.

Function valvụ ngwa

Blood, eme na arịa na obi, na-anakọtara na nri atrium. клапан. Ọzọkwa na-egbu oge ya na-enwe ọganihu tricuspid valvụ. Mgbe ọ na-emepe, ọbara abatakwa nri ventricle si ebe ọ na-chụpụrụ site na akpa ume valvụ.

Ọzọkwa, ọbara eruba na ngụgụ maka oxygenation, na n'ebe ahu eduzi n'ime ekpe atrium site aorta valvụ. Heart mitral valvụ ejikọ ekpe ulo na-egbochi ọbara n'etiti ha, ikwe ka akwakọba ọbara. Mgbe ọbara n'ime ekpe ventricle na dum n'ịkpa ya na chọrọ ego nke ọbara ejected n'ime aorta site aortic valvụ. Emelitere si aorta ọbara na-aga n'ihu ya ije site na arịa, enriching oxygen ahu.

Pathology nke obi valves

Jobs valvụ bụ mezie ọbara eruba site obi. Ọ bụrụ na nsogbu n'afọ iri na ụma nke na-emeghe na-emechi valvụ ngwa, obi valves na-emechi ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-emeghe, ọ pụrụ ime ka a dịgasị iche iche nke oké njọ nke ọrịa. Ọ chọpụtara na ihe ndị kasị pathologies bụ isiokwu ndị mitral na aortic valves.

Obi ntụpọ na ahụkarị na ndị mmadụ n'elu iri afọ. Ke adianade do, obi valvụ ọrịa nwere ike ịbụ a sikwuoro na ndabere nke ụfọdụ na-efe efe. Children nwekwara susceptible ka ọrịa nke valvụ ngwa. A, nke a congenital malformation.

Kacha nkịtị ọrịa na-obi odida na stenosis. Na odida valvụ emechi tightly, na akụkụ nke ọbara na-laghachi. A na-akpọ stenosis ibelata nke valvụ, ie valvụ na-adịghị emepe n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Na obi ndị a daa ọrịa na-enwe mgbe nile bufee ka inupụ ọbara na-ewe ihe mgbalị.

valvụ prolapse

Heart valvụ prolapse - kasị nkịtị nchoputa, nke kpebisiri ike site a dọkịta na mkpesa nke onye ọrịa na malfunction nke obi usoro. Ọtụtụ mgbe a na ọrịa bụ na isiokwu ahụ mitral valvụ nke obi. Prolapse emee n'ihi connective anụ ahụ ntụpọ, nke valvụ a kpụrụ. The N'ihi nke a ntụpọ bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu mechiri emechi valvụ na outflow ọbara pụtara na ndị na-abụghị direction.

Ikewapụ isi na sekọndrị valvụ prolapse. Primary prolapse na-ezo aka congenital ọrịa, mgbe connective anụ ahụ ntụpọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa pụrụ ịrịa. Secondary prolapse emee n'ihi mmerụ nke obi, myocardial infarction ma ọ bụ rheumatism.

A, na valvụ prolapse adịghị amị akwa ya pụta maka ụmụ mmadụ ọrịa na-adị mfe mesoo. Ma mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere ike ịbụ nsogbu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka arrhythmias (n'afọ iri na ụma nsogbu nke obi muscle contractions), ọdịda na ndị ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, omume a chọrọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ surgically.

Insufficiency na stenosis nke valvụ ngwa

Isi ihe mere maka odida na stenosis bụ rheumatic endocarditis. Beta-hemolytic streptococcus - kpatara mkpali usoro na ọrịa ogbu ogbu na nkwonkwo, obi na-eru na-agbanwe ya morphological Ọdịdị. Dị ka a n'ihi mgbanwe ahụ na obi valves-amalite ịrụ ọrụ dị iche iche. valvụ mgbidi nwere ike mkpumkpu, nke na-akpata a ọdịda, ma ọ bụ a ibelata nke valvụ orifice (stenosis).

Dị ka a N'ihi ya nke rheumatic fever Ọtụtụ mitral insufficiency okenye. Stenosis na ndabere nke rheumatic fever bụ isiokwu ndị aortic ma ọ bụ mitral obi valvụ na ụmụ.

E nwere ihe dị otú ahụ dị ka "ikwu ọdịda". Nke a daa ọrịa na-adị mgbe valvụ Ọdịdị agbanwebeghị, ma ọrụ ya na-akwusila, ya bụ, ọbara nwere a nloghachi ụgbọ elu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mkpọchị ike nke obi kpum, mgbasa oghere nke obi-ulo na na. Heart odida na-kpụrụ dị ka a sikwuoro nke myocardial infarction, kardiosklerosis, etuto ahụ nke obi muscle.

The enweghị a ruru eru n'imeso stenosis na insufficiency pụrụ iduga ezughi oke ọbara, akụkụ dystrophy, ọbara mgbali.

Mgbaàmà valvụ ọrịa

Symptomatology nke ọrịa obi na ọrịa na-adabere na n'ogo na ruo n'ókè nke ọrịa. Dị ka ọrịa na-enwekwu ibu na obi muscle. Dị ka ogologo oge dị ka obi ịnagide nke a ibu, ọrịa bụ asymptomatic. The mbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa nwere ike na-agụnye:

• iku ume ọkụ ọkụ;
• oge ufodu obi otiti;
• Ugboro bronchitis;
• ihe mgbu na obi.

Na obi odida mgbe egosi a enweghị ikuku, na dizziness. Onye ọrịa nwetara adịghị ike na ike ọgwụgwụ. Congenital prolapse nke mitral valvụ na-egosipụta na ụmụ episodic mgbu na sternum n'oge nsogbu ma ọ bụ nje. Enwetara prolapse na-esonyere site obi palpitations, dizziness, mkpụmkpụ nke ume, adịghị ike.

Ndị a mgbaàmà nwekwara ike na-egosi na vegetative-vaskụla dystonia, aortic aneurysm, ọbara mgbali elu na ndị ọzọ na obi ọrịa. Na nke a, mkpa bụ ezi nchoputa, nke na-ekpughe na malfunction na-enye ya a obi valvụ. Ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa bụ kpam kpam dabere na ihe na-arịa.

nchoputa nke ọrịa

Ke akpa ihe ịrịba ama nke a obi valvụ nkwarụ ga ozugbo-achọ ọgwụ anya. Admission enịmde dibịa, definitive nchoputa na ndenye ọgwụ nke ọgwụgwọ amụọ na a warara ọkachamara - a cardiologist. The therapist na-ege ntị n'obi ịchọpụta mkpọtụ, inyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrịa. Ọzọkwa, nnyocha e duziri cardiologist.

Diagnosis nke ọrịa obi na ọrịa na-rụrụ iji instrumental ụzọ. Echocardiogram isi ọmụmụ na ịme ọpịpị valvụ ọrịa. Ọ-enye gị ohere tụọ size obi na ya ngalaba, iji mata imebi nke valves. An ngwá dere obi ọnụego, na-ekpughe arrhythmia, ischemia, gbasara obi hypertrophy. X-ụzarị nke obi na-egosi na mgbanwe ke ngwe nke obi muscle na ya uru. The nchoputa nke valvular mkpa catheterization. A catheter ịtinye n'ime akwara na ọ na-merela agadi n'ime obi, ebe ọ jikoro nsogbu.

disinfection

Medical ọgwụgwọ na-agụnye ọgwụ nke preparations iji na mwepụ nke mgbaàmà na mma na gbasara obi ịrụ ọrụ. Ịwa ahụ aka iji na-agbanwe agbanwe na udi nke valvụ ma ọ bụ dochie ya. Surgery gbazie udi, dị ka a na-achị, ndị ọrịa nkịtị mma karịa nnọchi n'ịwa ahụ. Ke adianade do, mgbe obi valvụ nnọchi ọrịa na-ndinọ anticoagulants, nke dị mkpa ka a etinyere ná ndụ.

Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ị na-enweghị ike dozie ntụpọ nke valvụ, na e nwere mkpa ka aga edochi. Dị ka prosthesis iji n'ibu ma ọ bụ ndu obi valvụ. The price nke prosthesis na-adabere na mba onye si. Russian prostheses bụ ihe dị ọnụ ala karịa esenidụt.

On oke nke ụdị nke wuru valvụ emetụta ọtụtụ ihe. Nke a bụ afọ nke onye ọrịa, ọnụnọ nke ọrịa ndị ọzọ nke obi usoro, nakwa dị ka ihe ụdị valvụ ga-anọchi.

Mechanical implants adịru ogologo ma-achọ a ndụ na-anabata coagulants. Nke a na-akpata ihe isi ike na nwụnye nke ụmụ ha ndị inyom na-eme atụmatụ na-enwe ụmụ na-eme n'ọdịnihu, dị ka n'ikuku nke ọgwụ ndị a na-contraindicated n'oge ime. Bụrụ na nke nnọchi nke tricuspid valvụ ka ndu ịkụbanye, n'ihi na ebe nke valvụ ke eruba usoro. N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụrụ na e nweghị ndị ọzọ contraindications, na-atụ aro ka ịwụnye a n'ibu valvụ.