Otutu ihe onwunwe (ájá, ajịrịja nkume): rụpụta na ire

Non-dara nnukwu ihe ndị dị oké mkpa mmiri dị na ndị na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ. Ájá, anuahade, nkume eji ke imewe nke ihe na mesikwuru ihe owuwu, ogbunigwe. Ndị a ihe na-eji ala ọgwụgwọ, atụmatụ, landscaping ọrụ. Na ụzọ ụlọ righirighi eji dị roadbed underlayment oyi akwa. Ụfọdụ ụdị nke gravel na-eji anụcha n'akụkụ ebe.

Types of gravel na ájá

All omume rụrụ arụ ụlọ na-nkewa dị ka ọtụtụ ibiere:

• si;
• physico-n'ibu Njirimara (njupụta, anwụ ngwa ngwa, oyi na-eguzogide, mmiri uptake);
• mmetụta na size nke mkpụrụ;
• larịị nke radioactivity, ọnụnọ nke organic na inorganic adịghị.

Nature si Ajịrịja nkume na-adabere na-amalite ihe. Ịmata Ọdịiche rubble si nkume, ore rubble, nke na-mere si recyclable ihe na sekọndrị Metallurgical nwetara site ndinuak ewu n'efu (ihe, brik). Physico-n'ibu Njirimara nke rubble bụ kpọmkwem dabere na ihe onwunwe nke ya malite. The kasị ewu ewu na ihe, nke na-dabere na elu ike nkume - eguzogide distortion na mbibi site n'ibu ihe. Ọka size gravel na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ ụdị: dropouts (5 mm), ọkara (5-25 mm) na nnukwu (25-40 mm).

Aja si malite na-ekewa n'ime eke na wuru. Natural free-etoola ihe a na-emepụta na mmepe nke ájá ma ọ bụ ájá na gravel ego na ya. Dabere na omume iche oké osimiri, osimiri ma ọ bụ ugwu ájá. The mbụ na nke abụọ na ụdị ihe ahazi mkpụrụ ma na-erughị ọdịnaya nke adịghị dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-awa nkume mined. ájá ekewa nnukwu, ọkara na obere pellets.

Production nke eke ájá

Production nke eke na-abụghị dara nnukwu ihe na-agụnye ọtụtụ nkebi:

• Ngwuputa;
• nhazi na ejegharịrị (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa);
• nchekwa.

Fọrọ nke nta niile iche iche nke nnukwu ihe na-mined site emeghe usoro. Olulu ájá na-mined site egwupụta ma ọ bụ bulldozers. Na mmepụta nke ugwu ájá, n'ihi na nnukwu ego nke adịghị na nsogbu dị iche iche nke dị iche iche size, ọ na-achọ ndị ọzọ nhazi na oriri inwetara. Nke a usoro mejupụtara na ịsa na sorting nke ihe onwunwe. N'ihi na mmepụta nke kasị nta nta na-eji na imewe nke ụlọ mixtures dabeere na simenti, ájá na o kwere omume ọzọ egweri ala crusher. Natural ájá na-ezo aka ihe ewekarị caking, Otú ọ dị n'oge ya mmepụta a na-eji hopper maka nnukwu ihe onwunwe - a ngwaọrụ n'ụdị ihe abịazi nọdụ truncated pyramid-ejide ma na-egbo particulate ihe onwunwe.

River ájá na-mined hydro ụzọ ọdọ. Nnukwu ugbo mmiri na haịdrọlik nfuli pumped ngwaọrụ na ala nke osimiri ahụ na haịdrọlik m dump na akụ. Mmiri aga azụ n'ime osimiri, na ájá na-anọgide na obo. Na kwa oké ala n'elu Ọzọkwa mee ịwụ mbuli.

Production nke wuru ájá

The ala ebe nke ego nke eke ájá n'ụzọ na-ekwekọghị, nke nwere ike ime ka a erughi nke ihe onwunwe n'ógbè ụfọdụ. Production nke wuru ájá na-enye ohere ka ukwuu idozi nsogbu a site na-enye ihe dị mkpa mkpa. Ru particulate ihe mepụtara ndinuak ike nkume na ndị ọzọ akụrụngwa isi mmalite. Dabere na mmalite nke ihe ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke wuru ájá:

• Gburu. Ji acidic na ji achọ ikwọ. Mepụtara ndinuak marble, diabase, basalt ma ọ bụ oké Metallurgical slags.
• Light ájá, organic na inorganic. Otutu ihe onwunwe na-enwetara site na nkume ọkụ, scoria, tuff, ugbo na osisi n'efu.
• Sedimentary ájá - n'ihi egweri nkume nzu.
• Gbasaa ụrọ ájá nwetara site ndinuak nkume keramzite - thermally egbochi ihe onwunwe, a dịanyā maka fechaa ihe na ngwa agha.
• Porous ájá si slag.

mmepụta nke anuahade nkume

Raw ihe maka mmepụta nke gburu nkume emepụta opencast awa nkume dị iche iche nkume. Dabere na e ji mara nke nkwụnye ego na mined nkume a họọrọ ụzọ esite development. N'ihi na ezigbo ike nkume rụrụ mbido ọgbụgba ọkụ. The tupu gbapuru olulu-ndebe na-tọrọ. The mgbawa nke oké nkume etịbede n'ime iberibe na-natara maka inwekwu nhazi.

The amịpụtara akụrụngwa ọnọ na-egweri nke a rụrụ nke iche iche iche iche nke crushers (mpịakọta, n'agba crushers, mmetụta, cone). Nhọrọ nke technics e mere na-adabere n'ụdị nke ikpeazụ ngwaahịa. Mgbe ndinuak, njikere rubble abịa sorting. The usoro nke echetakwa ihe onwunwe na-ekewa ya nweta dị ka ọka size. Echichi bụ a nnukwu multiple sieves na oghere nke dị iche iche diameters. The kasị nta nta na-aga niile na ọkwa nke meziri, edozi na sump. The sorting usoro na-echi ọnụ n'ala nkume nta nwere ike na-asa na-ewepụ adịghị ụrọ.

The isi ụdị nke gravel nkume

E nwere a pụtara nnukwu ìgwè nke ndị a ihe, ma n'etiti ha kasị na ina na-esonụ:

• Granite - kasị inogide rubble nke magmatic malite. Ọ dabeere na - quartz, mica na feldspar. Kacha nkịtị agba - acha uhie uhie, pink, na agba ntụ. N'ihi na nke si malite, oke nke a ihe onwunwe, akpan akpan kwesịrị ilebara ya anya asambodo nke radioactivity. N'ihi na anụ ahụ na n'ibu Njirimara, ndị kasị ewu ewu ụdị rubble.
• Ajịrịja nkume. Ndabere nke ihe a na oké nkume nkume. Mepụta ụdị rubble na ụzọ abụọ - ndinuak nkume (gburu gravel) na echetakwa nke osimiri ka ọ bụ oké osimiri n'ala (ahazi gravel). Na ike nke konkiri bụ ọtụtụ usụhọde ma dị ọnụ ala karịa ala ndabere radieshon.
• Quartzite. Otutu ihe nke quartz nkume formations. Ike bụ abụghị usụhọde konkiri, ma o nwere obere ndabere radieshon. Ekele mbụ Ọdịdị na mma colorings-ewu ewu na decorating.
• Limestone. Mepụtara ndinuak sedimentary nkume. Na ike ala karịa ndị ọzọ nile ụdị nke irighiri. Ndabere nke dolomite na wayo. Mma dị iche - ala price.

Ebe nke ngwa nke nnukwu ihe

Nso nke ngwa nke na-abụghị dara nnukwu ihe dị nnọọ nnukwu, ekpuchi fọrọ nke nta niile nkebi nke ewu na zuru ezu ina na ndị ọzọ ụdị ọrụ:

• Nkwadebe nke ihe dị iche iche na ụdị.
• Production nke ihe ngwaahịa.
• Road ewu.
• Ngwa ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, runways.
• Landscaping.
• Livestock.
• Ngwa echebe oyi akwa na oké ụzọ ebupụta.

Transportation nke nnukwu ihe

Ibufe nnukwu ihe site okporo ígwè (anya), ụzọ na osimiri iga. N'ihi na okporo ígwè iga kacha adabara gondola ụgbọala, gwongworo, kpofuru ụgbọala - Special oghe ugbala na akpaka orùrù site Inye ego mmiri oyi. N'ihi na njem nke ájá na gravel ụzọ dump gwongworo kacha adabara. Nnyefe nke nnukwu ihe site osimiri barges - ọnụ ala iga nhọrọ, ma ọ bụ mkpa naanị na ikpe nke a nso waterways ọnọdụ. Na ahụ e ji ebu adịghị atụ aro na ụzọ ebe nnyefe wụsa ndị a ihe na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala iji zere losses.

Nchekwa na ire

Mgbe mmịpụta na, ọ bụrụ na achọrọ, ájá gravel inwetara n'ụdị nke ọ na-ahụ n'ji zigara nkwakọba. Onye ọ bụla ụdị na fractional mejupụtara nke nnukwu ihe onwunwe echekwara iche iche. Nchekwa ebe kwesịrị ezigbo, na ha ekwesịghị-anakọta mmiri ozuzo. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ime ka ndị ọzọ nchebe si ala. N'oge oyi, ihe na-ekpocha nke snow na ice.

Tụkwasịnụ nke na-abụghị dara ihe si nchekwa Ọtụtụ site n'okporo ụzọ. The wezụga bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na nkeonwe alaka e. N'ihi na ala na-adaba adaba Mbupu nke ihe ikpeazụ n'ji nchekwa ebe onwem na-adaba adaba ohere ụzọ. Abụkarị haziri unilateral mgbanaka okporo ụzọ. Maka mfe loading na iji gbochie caking eji silo maka nnukwu ihe. Mụọ ọkụ a na-nyere n'abalị.