Human dentition. Ihe ọ pụtara na ihe di iche iche nke formulas adị

Ezé na-ihe dị mkpa arụmọrụ nke Lonely na okwu ikike. Ha na-akụkụ na Ịta atụ, na-eku ume na mmepe nke olu na-ekwu okwu guzobere. Ezé nwere ike ọ bụghị onwe ha ọhụrụ, na ike ha - na ọ bụ naanị ihe anya. Dentition na ya ihe ọmụma na-eme ka mgbe eze na-elekọta na-enye ohere na-elekwasị anya na mbadamba ụlọ.

ezé notation ụzọ

Na dentistry dọkịta nchọpụta ọrịa na na mma nke ya kaadị iji a kpọmkwem ọnụ. The ka nke ọnọdụ nke niile nke ezé na-emekarị akara a pụrụ iche usoro, nke a na-akpọ "ụmụ mmadụ dentition." Dị iche iche chepụtara otu ezé, otu ọrụ na-denoted site Arabic ma ọ bụ Roman numerals na akwụkwọ ozi. E nwere ụfọdụ ezé nchọpụta usoro. Nke a ọkọlọtọ usoro nke Zsigmondy-Palmer, na mba na nchepụta Viola na Haderupa usoro na multifunction alphanumeric Ozizi.

System Zsigmondy-Palmer

The eze usoro bụ isi dabeere na ozizi digital square-Zsigmondy-Palmer, nke e mma na 1876. Ya peculiarity bụ na ihe nile okenye ezé na-akara na Arabic numerals site 1 8. The na ụmụ na-nọmba Roman numerals m ka V.

Theory abụọ ọnụọgụ Viola

Ọ na-e mma site International Dental Federation na 1971. Na usoro a, ala na elu agha na-ekewa n'ime anọ quadrants ka 8 ezé. Adult mmadụ nwere quadrants - 1, 2, 3, 4, na ụmụaka - 5, 6, 7, 8. Na nke a, na quadrant nọmba gosiri site mbụ ọbula. A abụọ ọbula bụ eze nọmba (1 ruo 8). A ụmụ mmadụ nha nha usoro atụmatụ nke na-enyere ịnyagharịa Ọdịdị nke ihe n'agba.

Ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro a na-atụle ga-kasị adaba iji, ebe ọ bụ na e nweghị akwụkwọ ozi na edoghi. Na na nke a, na ụlọ ọrụ nke a dọkịta ezé oru, i nwere ike ịnụ na ọ ga-adị mkpa na-emeso 34th ma ọ bụ 47th eze, na a na nwa - 51 nkeji ma ọ bụ 83 nkeji. Ma nke a apụtaghị na onye okenye nke 47 na 83 na nwa ewu.

Haderupa usoro

Na a Ozizi, iji chọpụta ọnọdụ nke ezé-eji Arabic n'ọnụ ọgụgụ. The top akara bụ ihe nnọchianya "+", na ala ihe ịrịba ama "-". Mmiri ara ehi ezé na-gosiri dị ka nọmba 1 5 na mgbakwunye na nke efu, na akara "+" na "-" tụnyere na- molars.

Multifunctional alphanumeric usoro

Nke a na usoro a na-ghọtara site American Dental nzukọ, emegide na bụla eze ke nsonso nwere ya ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị toworo eto na leta - na ụmụ. Agụta ga-mụụrụ n'aka ekpe, malite n'elu aka nri eze, wee site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri na ala akara.

Human dentition, sekit nke e ozugbo mepụtara itinye ya n'ọrụ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na zuru ezu na-amụ usoro nke ezé elu na nke ala agha usoro. Ị nwere ike nweta ịmara ndị ịbịaru, iji ghọta otú anya dị ka ezé na-emeghe ọnọdụ nke ihe n'agba.

nwa-ehi ezé

Oge ufodu ezé dapụ na-dochie anya ụmụ na-akpata, dị ka a na-achị, na afọ otu 6-7 afọ. Ma, e nwere mgbe ụfọdụ ụfọdụ na-emegiderịta na ndị a afọ, metụtara akpan akpan ji mara ihe organism. Dentition pụrụ ịghọ otu nnyemaaka na ọmụmụ ndị a atụmatụ.

Iji hụ otú ga-emelitere ezé ejighị ya kpọrọ ịghọta specificity dentoalveolar Ọdịdị na ya specificity. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na mbụ mmiri ara ehi ezé na-ebipụ mgbe nwa ọhụrụ ahụ dị ọkara otu afọ, ha na-guzobere na mbụ nkebi nke di ime. Ọ bụ nnọọ a ogologo ma sie ike usoro, nke na-agwụ agwụ n'oge atọ trimester nke afọ ime. Ka anya dị ka ndị mụrụ nwa ọhụrụ, ọ na-amalite iputa mmalite nke na-adịgide adịgide ezé. Na na nke a dị mkpa ka anyị na-elekọta ahụ ike nke deciduous ezé, dị ka ọrịa caries nwa eze nwere ike emebi izizi nke ụmụ amaala.

Gịnị bụ ihe dị iche

Eze usoro setịpụrụ deciduous ezé nwere ụfọdụ iche iche na mgbe nile. Onye okenye - 32 ezé, a na nwa - 20 Mmiri ara ehi. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọnwụ nke deciduous ezé pụtara mgbe ama bee mgbọrọgwụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị nne na nna na-echegbu onwe maka eziokwu na mmetụta nke ugwu, na ọnwụ nwere ike so mgbu nwa ha. Ma n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ha nchegbu n'efu, ebe a version n'ezie ekwe. Ọnọdụ bụ na n'oge nkwadebe nke eze na-usoro iji dochie ezé, nke nta nke nta na-amalite na-apụ n'anya Mmiri ara ehi mgbọrọgwụ. Ma nke ahụ bụ ihe mere ezé-amalite na-rụrụ na-ada, ma na-na ebe ha na-eto eto na-adịgide adịgide. A, mmepe na-ewe ebe na ala incisors. Ezé dapụ nwayọọ nwayọọ, na ezinụlọ dum ogbo ekwupụtakwa 6 8 afọ.

Dentition na ụmụ

Zuru ezu na-adakarị ma ọ bụ usoro mmiri ara ehi ezé a na nwa -asị Roman numerals n'ụdị a:

V IV III II m II III IV V

V IV III II m II III IV V

Ya mere, onye ọ bụla ọkara nke elu na nke ala jaws nwere ihe abụọ ọnụ mbepụ edoghi (m, na II), 2 nnukwu na-adịgide adịgide nha nha (IV na V), na canine 1 (III), obere ezengwenri ezé na-efu efu, dum agha nwere 20 ezé.