Ikwū n'elu ụlọ House: ụdị, Ọdịdị, components na akụrụngwa

Ndị na-ewu ụlọ bụ ikpeazụ ogbo nke na-ewu nke ọ bụla ụlọ. Ọ na-ekere òkè ọ bụghị nanị na oru, ma a home mma. Ọ bụrụ na i kpebie na gị ulo ga-ulo-ikwū-ụlọ, unu mara na ndị dị otú ahụ na aghụghọ bụ mgbagwoju. Dabere na udi nke ramp nwere ike ịchọ ụlọ gable, hipped ma ọ bụ pent. Ndị dị otú ahụ na aghụghọ nwere ike nwere nnọọ iche iche iche iche :. Capstan, pyramidal, conical, wdg The Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe mere ọtụtụ nkịtị ikwū n'elu ụlọ jide ewu.

general nkọwa

Ikwū n'elu ulo-akwalite eke runoff nke mmiri ozuzo na mmiri na gbazee snow. N'akuku kpebisiri ike site n'akuku na nke paseeji na-achọkarị ka ndị kwụ. Ndị a owuwu nwere n'akuku nke na-erughị 5 Celsius, Otú ọ dị, na-emepe emepe bụ ndị na nke onye òkè nwere a ogologo n'akuku. Dabere na ihe n'ozuzu ije nke ụlọ ahụ, ihu igwe, elu n'isi, na họrọ ihe onwunwe, mara ụlọ nwere ike inwe a kpọmkwem ngwaọrụ. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na mpịakọta bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ nke mmiri na ụlọ nkpuchi bụ nnọọ oké, na ramp-abụ jụụ nọ n'ógbè gị. Na oké ifufe iji belata elu mgbali kwesịrị ito eto. Ọ bụrụ na ị n'ụzọ ziri ezi bulie ná mkpọda, mgbe ahụ, ị ga-enwe ike belata na-eri nke na-ewu na oru nleeta. Siri ewu ọzọ dị oké ọnụ, ebe ọ bụ na-enye ohere iji nke ihe na nnukwu.

Main iche nke ulo-ikwū n'elu ụlọ

4-sloped ụlọ na-metụtara otu n'ime iche yiri aghụghọ. N'etiti ha ka anyị ga-egosi uni, gable, poluvalmovaya, ụlọ, domed, conical, pyramidal, na chetyrehschiptsovuyu. Wụsịrị bụ ihe kasị mfe ke udi, ha ga-mmiri nanị otu direction. Ha na-eji na-ekpuchi obere ụlọ, nzọụkwụ, extensions, nwa oge ụlọ na azụmahịa ụlọ. Ụlọ ọrụ dị na a ga-enweghị dị n'uko ma ọ bụ ụlọ ohere.

2-ulo-ikwū-ụlọ na-eji na ala-na-na ịrị elu na-ewu. Ọ nwere a akụkụ anọ udi, na n'akụkụ akụkụ na-akpọ pediments. Poluvalmovaya ụlọ hipped dị iche iche site na ihe ọ ramp bepụ akụkụ nke gable. The pyramidal ụlọ na-eji dị na okwu nke ụlọ nwere a square udi ma ọ bụ a udi nke a mgbe nile rektangulu.

Kere na isi mmiri

Ụlọ sloping n'elu ụlọ nwere isi ihe abụọ ọcha, ya bụ - echebe ma na-akwado. Nke ikpeazụ dị mkpa na-ibu nke snow, ifufe na ụlọ. Na ha nyeere ya aka, ibu a na-ekesa na-akwado mgbidi na iche iche dị support. N'ime otú ahụ, ike nke ibu-amị ọcha na-ọkọnọ pụtara tiri chọrọ. The isi mmiri bụ mauerlat na truss usoro. Ọ ga-kwuru na ngwaọrụ na-agụnye a sloped ụlọ fasteners n'ụdị struts, nkwado na ibé. The chọrọ isi na-enweta na-enyemaka nke ndị truss.

Mauerlat - a mmanya na-eje ozi a nkwado maka sloping ntụhie mere nke osisi. Iji a mmewere ekesa ibu na n'elu ụlọ. Mauerlat bụ ụdị isi n'ihi na ihe owuwu. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ka a n'elu ụlọ ke kpochapụwo uche nke okwu, ị kwesịrị ị na-eji osisi na a n'akụkụ nke 15 cm. The kacha nta uru maka osisi bụ 10 cm. Mara ụlọ N'onwe aka nwere ike rụrụ maka ngwaọrụ mauerlat. Ọ bụrụ na ọ mauerlat, ọ ga-enịm tinyere dum ogologo ụlọ ma ọ bụ iji wụnye naanị n'okpuru ntụhie.

Mgbe iji ntụhie nke a obere ngalaba na ntuziaka usoro, usoro nwere ike prosest. Iji zere nsogbu a, wụnye grille, nke Ọdịdị ga crossbars, posts na struts. Ịrụ struts na nkwado ga-akwadebe a 15-sentimita iba onye ọkpụrụkpụ hara ka 2,5 cm. Ọ bụ omume na-eji osisi efere, na-mere si osisi ndekọ na a dayameta nke 13 cm ma ọ bụ karịa. Mauerlat ga-enịm na n'elu ọnu na mgbidi, ma na-aga n'ebe dị n'ime ime ma ọ bụ mpụta onu.

Otu n'ime isi mmiri - mauerlat

4-ulo-ikwū-ụlọ nwere mauerlat nke a ga-emi odude 5 cm si na nsọtụ ma ọ bụ nso ná mpụta na-ebupụta nke na mgbidi. Gwara na mgbidi a ga-rụrụ n'ụzọ dị otú ahụ ka ọ ghara ike a na-akwọpụ, nke ga-eme ka elu ibu n'oge elu ifufe. The ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro ka a na ihe onwunwe na-eji maka mauerlat osisi, ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ Ọdịdị mere nke metal, ọ bụ omume na-uru nke I-doo ma ọ bụ ọwa mmanya.

Ụlọ ngwa na mauerlat

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eche echiche banyere otú ime ka a mara ụlọ na mauerlat, ibikwasị nke ikpeazụ rụrụ na waterproofing oyi akwa, nke nwere ike na-eme ka roofing ihe onwunwe. Si n'elu nke n'uko n'ala , ị nwere ike ịdọrọ 40 cm. Kwa 5 m purlins zuru ike na ogidi, nke ala nsọtụ vrublyus na sleepers. The n'akuku n'etiti strut na ntụhie ụkwụ kwesịrị odika hà 90 Celsius. Ọ bụrụ na ngwaọrụ mara ụlọ truss ụkwụ ga-aba, na nwụnye nke ọzọ na-akwado ga-rụrụ-ewere n'ime akaụntụ nkwado na sleepers. Onye ọ bụla njikọ mauerlat ga-anọkwasị na abụọ njikọ, bụ nke dị na obi na n'otu oge ofu aka ntụhie ya. Tinyere ndị perimeta nke ụlọ usoro siri ike na-ewu na-kpụrụ. Ma mauerlat onye agba nwere ike positioned n'okpuru ntụhie.

Ngwa truss usoro

4 ikwū n'elu ụlọ support Ọdịdị nwere a truss usoro, ọ na-emi esịnede ntụhie ya, na-achọ struts, nakwa dị ka vetikal uprights. The ntụhie na-mere nke osisi, weere ihe, metal ma ọ bụ ihe. Fasteners bụ ibé, struts, struts na strut. Ntụhie jikọọ na ugbo.

maka ndekọ

Truss usoro a ga-ejikọrọ na a triangle ruru ya rigidity ma kwụsie ike. N'ihi ntụhie ga-eji ibé nke dị iche iche cross-ngalaba, nke a kpebisiri ike site n'ogologo nke ntụhie ya, na gbakọọ ibu uru, na anya n'etiti ná ntụhie ya. Mgbe ọ na-abịa dị mfe aghụghọ, na cross-ngalaba size nwere ike ịdị iche iche site 40x150 ka 100x250 mm.

Poluvalmovaya ụlọ na aka ya

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekpebi iwu ụlọ, ulo-ikwū-ụlọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ngwọta kasị mma, a mgbanwe nke a imewe bụ poluvalmovaya ụlọ. Ndị a n'elu ụlọ na-adabara na mpaghara na ifufe dị ike ibu, dị ka ha na-echebe ụlọ si ikuku eruba, na iwepu blurring nke gable na podduvanie. N'uko ohere bụ onye mbụ, ọ ga-eji dị ka a obibi. Ọkachamara nwere ike ikwu na-arapara a akpan akpan technology na-ewu. Na nzọụkwụ mbụ tinyere perimeta nke ụlọ jupụtara screed nime ya site ọ bụla 120 sentimita ma ọ bụ obere n'ịnyịnya stud onye n'obosara bụ 10 mm. On data fasteners skewer kpochidoro mgbochi, ikesiike na akụ. Nke a ga-ekwe ka gị ike mauerlat, mgbe nke ị ga-wụnye truss usoro.

Nzọụkwụ na-esonụ ga-echichi nke mmasị ntụhie, nke a ga-dabere na mputa mgbidi. Iji belata ibu na nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha, ị kwesịrị ị na-arụ tightness nke ejikọta n'etiti ntụhie ya. Edge ga-ezukwa ike megide ná mgbidi, mgbe n'ime akụkụ - na-akwado ma n'ime ime mgbidi.

Emepụta gwara ntụhie na riiji doo, nke bụ enịm ke top. Ọ ga Diisk support. On n'úkwù ibé ike agwụ support. All ndị ọzọ a ga-ofu aka riiji. Nwụnye n'etiti ntụhie na-eme na ọzọ ogbo. Nzọụkwụ therebetween hara ka obosara nke okpomọkụ mkpuchi, a oke dịgasị 60 ruo 120 cm. Next obe ibé na-guzobere.

Ngwa pent ụlọ

Na a nzọụkwụ mbụ, chọpụta ihe ga- n'akuku nke nchepụta nke ụlọ. Intermediate ụkpụrụ bụ n'etiti 11 na 60 Celsius. Ihe niile ga-adabere na ikuku phenomena na ihe na isi nke ụlọ, nakwa dị ka ụkpụrụ ụlọ atụmatụ nke ụlọ ahụ. N'ihi na n'ebe ugwu ebe mkpọda hara 40 Celsius, na snow ga-ebi n'elu ụlọ. Na oké ifufe n'akuku nke nchepụta kwesịrị obere. Na steppe na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe, a oke si 11 45 Celsius.

The ụkpụrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ na ndokwa nke a pent ụlọ

N'ihi na mpaghara na oké ifufe nwere ike mbanye a mbadamba, a mara ụlọ a ga-enye otu echiche. Ị nwere ike mgbe ahụ n'ihu ndị na-ewu ụlọ usoro. Nke a n'elu ụlọ ibe nwere ike slidably, nghọta ma ọ bụ naslonnym. Nke ikpeazụ bụ ihe kasị mfe, ntụhie ga-dabere na mputa mgbidi na Central doo ya. ntụhie ogologo nwere ike hà ka 4.5 m, kama ọ bụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ otu-ibe, ejikọta ọcha na-amụba ogologo adịghị anakwere.

Ndị kasị sie ike na ngwaọrụ na imewe na- nghọta ntụhie ya, ha na-na ọdabara, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere mkpa iji nweta nnukwu jikọrọ abụọ abụọ. Ha na-anakọtara bụ n'ala na-ha onwe ha crate, na mgbe ahụ adahade n'elu, dabeere na oké support. Mgbe crate kpọgidere yitewere na n'uko, nke na-enye ihe owuwu a elu ike. N'ihi truss usoro pent ụlọ Ogwe na-kasị mma na-eji na ngalaba 30x150 mm. The anya n'etiti ibé kwesịrị 80 cm.

The mkpọda ga-akwụ ụgwọ iji na ala nke Leeward n'akụkụ. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke support ibé-abụ otu, na ibé na ntụhie ụkwụ ga-etolite a triangle. Ntụhie na-enịm na otu ọgwụgwụ n'ime oghere mauerlat, mgbe ndị ọzọ na ọgwụgwụ ga-etinye na a osisi na mbọ wepụrụ ebubo. Ka iwelie mma ntụkwasị obi nke tightening na waya. Mauerlat maka hedging kegide mgbidi ma ọ bụ ofu ogologo arịlịka bolts.

ọkachamara nwere ikwu maka ewepụghị n'elu ụlọ ngwaọrụ

Nzọụkwụ na-esonụ ga-mmepụta nke sheathing nke Planed mbadamba, nke na-esichara site na ọkụ na-eguzogide na mmiri mgbochi ihe. Boards mere ndokwa perpendicular ná ntụhie ya, anya n'etiti ha ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị 15 cm. The ibé ga-eji maka square lath na a n'akụkụ nke 50 mm. Ọzọ, ihe kwesịrị ekwesị, uzuoku, na a na-ofu aka crate obere mbọ na a dịgasị okpu. Nke ikpeazụ na-mgbe ụfọdụ dochie staples staple egbe. Nke a ga-bụghị naanị-adị n'elu oge nke ọrụ, ma na-ịgbatị ndụ nke ntụhie ya.

Na ọzọ ogbo na-setịpụrụ mkpuchi na waterproofing oyi akwa, nke ikpeazụ nke nke mpịakọta na-unwound perpendicularly ná ntụhie. Ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na-esote gbalaga overlaps gara aga otu, na nkwonkwo mkpa ka a kaa akara.

ọgwụgwụ

Truss usoro, nke bụ ihe akụkụ nke ulo-ikwū n'elu ụlọ, nwere ike ekewet nke ụlọ trusses, truss n'elu-aghọta ihe atụ na mgbagwoju shapes, mkpa truss ma ọ sọrọ ugbo. Dị ka a isi mmewere nke ụlọ usoro ka ụkwụ, nke na-eme ka support lath. Ha na-enịm tinyere ụlọ mkpọda.

The kasị kwesị ekwesị ná mkpọda maka pent ụlọ saa, na ị chọrọ ekpuchi na roofing ihe onwunwe, ọ na-atụle ihe egosi 10 ruo 15 Celsius. Na nke a na-oyi akwa mkpuchi bụ ezuru nke elu oyi akwa na kpatara roofing. Ma guzobe n'elu ụlọ usoro ga-gaa na akaụntụ akụkụ nke ndị na-ewu. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ nwere a nnukwu size, Ọdịdị ga-gbakwunyere site na uprights na contractions.