International development obot. IBRD

Regional agbazinye oru enye mgbazinye ego na oru aka na States na a na-ele ka ha na-elekọta mmadụ na mmepe. Ka ụbọchị, na Inter-American, African, Asian obot. Ha na-mgbaru ọsọ ma na-eme. Ke ibuotikọ emi anyị ga-atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ẹdude Multilateral development obot.

aka

International development mmiri e maka a ọtụtụ ihe:

1) na-amụba ọrụ nke mba na obodo nke uwa;

2) mkpa iji lebara okwu ndị na-bụghị mgbe niile e nwere n'uche na IMF;

3) mma nke mpụga ego ego maka nzube nke ego;

4) iji na-akwalite nkwado na ụba na mwekota nke mba;

5) mmasị òtù MRBR (ọkacha mma na-abụghị nke obodo) n'ịkwalite mbupụ.

Iche na myirịta

International development mmiri nwere a differentiated larịị nke na-elekọta mmadụ, omenala na mmepe mba. Ma ha na-achụso yiri ihe mgbaru ọsọ: iji kwalite yana idobe okirikiri ibu na mpaghara. Ukwuu anya na-akwụ ụgwọ na-agha megide ịda ogbenye na Asia na Africa.

Ihe dị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị òtù nke n'aka oru - mba ndị mepere emepe. Ha nwere ọtụtụ ndị isi obodo, ha nwere mmetụta na nzukọ. Mkpebi ọ bụla e site na mba na mpaghara development anoghi n'ulo oba (IDB, ADB, AfDB), nwere ike na-egbochi site US, Japan, Nigeria.

Olu òtù na-ekesa dabere na nyekwara isi obodo. Ọ bụ ezie na, dị ka Charter, ọtụtụ ga-abụ mpaghara òtù, ma òkè ha dara taa ka a kacha nta (ihe dị 50,02%) n'ihi na ọtụtụ mba ndị mepere emepe na Nwa.

IDB

The Inter-American Development Bank - bụ ihe Inter Governmental nzukọ kere agbazinye na Latin America omume na 1959. The Board bụ na Washington, na-achị isi - Ukara Council, nke a na-hoputara afọ ise. Dị ka akụkụ nke ụlọ akụ 27 mpaghara na 20 na-abụghị ndị na mpaghara oke n'akụ. Ikike isi obodo - 34 ijeri dollar, 30% nke votu bụ United States. Resources chịkọtara si mba isi obodo ahịa. The Bank na-enye mgbazinye ego na nkịtị azụmahịa okwu.

ADB

The African Development Bank e tọrọ ntọala site na Organization of African Unity iji na-akwalite mmepe nke dum Afrika. Hara nhatanha ego bụ 100 ijeri dollar. Ọ bụ na-akpali na otu-ekwu, nwere naanị 7.6% nke a ego, ndị ọzọ na-anọgide na ụdị na-ekwe nkwa ugwo. N'okpuru ha ADB ịkpọlite ndị ọzọ ego na ahịa nke ego isi obodo. Nsogbu na ego nzukọ nwere abụghị. Ma, ọtụtụ nke isi obodo na-lekwasị ke Africa.

ADB

Asian Development Bank-eji ego ndị na-akpali uto nke Asia na Far East aku. Headquartered na Philippines. N'aka na-nyere ma exhibitors na ụlọ ọrụ iwu kwadoro. The nkezi ego ego - 15 nde dollar. Key ego ebe - ụlọ ọrụ, iga, agriculture, ike, ego ndi oru. Ego na-nyere si ego. Nkịtị bụ ibinye na mmasị ọnụego nke 5% maka 15-25 afọ. Special ji mee ihe na-agbazinye ogologo oge (25-40 afọ) site 1-3%. Amara oge bụ 3-5 na 10 afọ.

IBRD

International Bank maka nwughari na Development e guzobere na 1944, 170 Member States. Ọ na-akpọ ndị World. IBRD ọrụ - agbazinye ka na-emepe emepe obodo ọchịchị na ọchịchị òtù. The nnata na iwu ji iji ego ka ha bipụta nzube. International Bank maka nwughari na Development bụ a n'aka alụmdi nke na mmalite nke na-eme e mere na-eche na aku na uba na mgbake na obodo nile nke ụwa.

atụmatụ agbazinye

òtù nke ụlọ akụ nwere ike ịbụ naanị na IMF so n'Òtù. Capital oru guzosie ike site na ndenye aha na dị na hà gbakọọ maka ọ bụla ala, dabere na ya aku na uba nwere. The kasị elu oke (17.5%) na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke votes (17%) bụ nke United States. The Bank na-enye mgbazinye ego nanị na-mgbaze borrowers adịghị postpones ego na mgbazinye ego, otú ejughi emebi. Institution ka akwakọba ọtụtụ ahụmahụ na oru ngo ego. Ya ịrụ ọrụ nọgidere n'ihi na ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị na-enwe kwa afọ ego nke ego ekenyela site sonyere.

Resources gụnyere akụ hara nhatanha n'ịwa ego maka usoro na ogologo okwu mgbazinye ego. otu onyinye na-anọchi anya ihe na-erughị 5% nke World Bank na mmefu ego. Government aka ekedep mbak ke a tupu kwetara ego, nke a kpebisiri ike site na ọkwa nke mmepe nke ala, ma na-akwụ naanị a nta nke ha na-eri. Balance - "ego ina", dị nnọọ bụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ akụ ga-eweta nnukwu losses. Nke a isi obodo nwere ike na-eduzi naanị na disbursement nke nkekọ.

ochichi

The onyeisi ahụ nke ewumewu bụ Directorate. Ọ na-adabere ná 5 kọmitii: oditi, ndutịm, pesonel, mmepụta iwu, na-eri irè. Nchikota nke World Bank na IMF Boards of Governors aku. Ọ na-enyocha ajụjụ ndị dị ka: nkwado iwu mba ndị mepere emepe, ụgwọ Mbelata ulo oru na mpaghara, onwe oru mmepe, nakwa dị ka kwadebe akụkọ maka management.

CB "International Bank of Development"

IDB - Metropolitan n'aka alụmdi, onye isi ọrụ - arụmọrụ ụgwọ ala, mgbazinye ego na RKO. Ọ e tọrọ ntọala na 1994. Ndị nwe nke Ọdịdị nke obere ulo oru a hụrụ Moscow: "Alexis echiche", "FC Garant", "Galeon-TM." Iji ụbọchị, azụmahịa mmepe nke ụlọ akụ akụkọ na LLC "Intergazneft" na JSC "Urengoymontazhpromstroy".

Establishment agụnye a isi na abụọ ndị ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ isi obodo. The International Development Bank (Moscow) lekwasịrị anya Ịzụ na ire nke agbụ. Ụlọọrụ ahịa na-nyere na a classic set nke ọrụ, gụnyere agbazinye na ego mmezi. Borrowers ozi tumadi azụmahịa ụlọ ọrụ. Private ahịa nwere ohere niile ọrụ, ma e wezụga n'ihi na akpaaka mgbazinye ego na mortgages. Na niile, ego na alụmdi na e nwere 5000 ahịa.

isi obodo

Ọdịdị nke ahụ net akụ nke a ịrịba òkè ji site Russian issuers 'nkekọ (45%) na ego Pọtụfoliyo (37%). Commercial Development Bank nwere nnukwu ego nke mee (48%) na arias (26%). Ná mmalite nke-atọ nkeji iri na ise nke 2013 alụmdi ka dọtara banyere otu n'ime atọ nke ụgwọ si interbank agbazinye ahịa. A nkeji iri na ise jide itule na ego na nke ụlọọrụ ahịa, 4% gua site ego nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. N'agbanyeghị ịrịba onyinye na ogo nke bịara n'ikperé mmiri na Russia CB "IDB" enyene 373rd ebe.

ọgwụgwụ

International development mmiri kere ọha na onwe òtù iji kwalite akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ na ọganihu nke mba nile. Ha na-ikpokọta otu-eme. Ma mkpebi ọ bụla dị otú ahụ nzukọ nwere ike idozi ihe na-ekere òkè mba kasị nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ nke votes.