Isi mmalite nke phraseology. The ojiji nke phraseology okwu

Russian asụsụ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya na ọtụtụ okwu na ụwa n'ihi na nke ukwuu nke okwu n'aka. Phraseology - ngalaba mmụta asụsụ, nke na-amụ lexically indivisible Nchikota okwu, na-akpọ pụrụ iche phraseological nkeji. Site n'enyemaka nke ha ọ na-aghọ ndị ọzọ mara mma.

Gịnị ka "akpaala okwu"? pụtara

Onye ọ bụla na-eji catch ahịrịokwu ya okwu, na-ama ụma ma ọ bụ n'echeghị, na-enye ya obi. Ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla maara mmalite nke phraseology na ihe ha ndị dị iche iche okwu. Iji ghọta ọrụ nke nwere nku nkebi ahịrịokwu na-adịghị anya ha na ndị ọzọ nkeji okwu, ọ dị mkpa ịmata àgwà ha.

1. akpaala okwu mgbe niile gbagwojuru anya na mejupụtara, na-emi esịnede abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa okwu.

2. Nwere undifferentiated uru. Akpaala okwu nwere ike-adịghị iche, ma a pụrụ kwupụtara na ndị ọzọ okwu-synonyms. Dị ka ihe atụ, nkebi ahịrịokwu bụ "gbọmgbọm mpịakọta" a na-eji pụtara "owara na-ata ụta onye."

3. N'ụzọ dị iche na free nkebi ahịrịokwu phraseologisms ji mgbe niile mejupụtara - na mmiri na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe site na nọmba na ụdị (na-agaghị ekwu "cat naplakal" kama na ndị oge gboo njikọ "cat ochi" na kama "ọkụ" - "cocks bụghị ọnụ"; mberede, phraseologisms na ụkpụrụ omume nke "ọtụtụ" na "ole na ole" kasị-eji okwu).

4. The catch ahịrịokwu bụ ofu okwu iji. Ọjọọ na-ekwu "ee ọkpụkpụ akpụkpọ" kama ịbụ "akpụkpọ ọkpụkpụ". A na-achị na-emetụta niile phraseology.

5. The catch ahịrịokwu nke asụsụ, dị ka a na-achị, na-adịghị sụgharịa okwu maka okwu n'ime ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na e bu okwu na Russian "gbụsara ọnụ mmiri na n'uko", na British na-ekwu "na-anọdụ na twiddle gị isi mkpịsị aka", pụtara ga-abụ otu - "nọdụ azụ".

The ọrụ nke phraseology na asụsụ

Catch ahịrịokwu enye a okwu na imagery vividness. Ihe Ọmụma nke phraseology uru na ebe niile nke mmadụ ọrụ, mgbe mgbe, ndi oru nta akuko na-mbịne ndị dị otú ahụ ụzọ na skits na osise, ma ị ga-mara kpọmkwem ihe na-anọchi anya akpaala okwu. Speech humorist ma ọ bụ satirist aghọ ayama na ndị ọzọ okwu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-arapara n'ahụ ya okwu catch nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ. The ojiji nke phraseology na n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbe niile Nde, na-abụkarị ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ekpughepụ ha okike mgbanwe. Ị nwere ike ịhọrọ 5 mgbe catch ahịrịokwu na-eburu a ọhụrụ pụtara.

1. Mmụba nke iji ruru ka na-eru eru okwu: "Nwamba adịghị obere furry na nnukwu, nkọ claws unyi, kpụchasịrị n'obi ya." Na nke a, a maara nke ọma akpaala okwu e emekwa ndị ọzọ okwu.
2. N'ikuku Mbelata (Mbelata) ẹwụtde ke ọwọrọetop TV nsonso "mụghị Beautiful." Nke a na-atụ aro, sị: "na-amụ obi ụtọ."
3. Isi mmalite nke phraseology adọta si gboo nwebisiinka mụ n'ịgwa. N'ihi ya, Latin motto "veni, ịhụ, vici" ( "M bịara, m wee hụ, m meriri") nta akụkọ nwere ike ịgbanwe ha onwe ha ụzọ, "M bịara, hụrụ, e dere".
4. Ijikọ multiple okwu: "Ọ bụ n'ihi na egwu na-akpọ egwu na chi Pan asak jellied Homeric ọchị?" Njikọ ga-aga nke ọma, na nkebi ahịrịokwu adịghị anya nzuzu.
5. The mbibi nke atụ pụtara mgbe akpaala okwu nwere a kpọmkwem uru, bụghị metaphorical, n'ihi na ihe atụ: "Na Buddha awụ nwere ọlaedo aka".

Olee catch ahịrịokwu?

Formation nke ọ bụla ndị mmadụ na omenala na-aga ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ndị nketa nke otu nke mba malitere mmasị n'ebe ndị ọzọ, nke mere na i nwere ike na-edebe ihe onu nke assimilation. Isi mmalite nke Russian phraseological nkeji na-kewara abụọ dị iche iche: nwa afọ-Russian na biiri. Kwuru na Russian asụsụ a na biiri si Slavic na-abụghị Slavic asụsụ. Site English bịara na-akpali okwu a "oké ifufe na a teacup", "na-ma ọ bụ ghara inwe", "Princess na agwa". N'aka nke ya, Russian idioms gbasara gburugburu ụwa. Czechs na British ka egwu aphorisms "egbu", "dike nke oge anyị" na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Primordially Russian idioms na-ekewa atọ isi dị iche iche: Common Slavonic, East Slavic na onwe-Russian. The iche iche kọwara ókèala ha na-ekesa.

1. Site n'oge ochie nkịtị Slavic ma ọ bụ Slavonic agụnye idioms nke isiokwu metụtara Bible motifs, dị ka "na Kraịst n'obi" dị ka "mma".
2. East Slavic idioms agbasa Russian, Belarusians na Ukrainians ( "ka a ezi" - "ime ọjọọ", "ma ụlọ ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ" - "ihe ọ bụla").
3. Sobstvennorusskie okwu: "na gulkin imi" - "obere", "jide ire gị" - "nkịtị".

Ndịrịta n'ígwé phraseology

A onye na-eji ya okwu ike na n'ịgwa nke okwu na atụ pụtara, na-enweghị ọbụna na-eche banyere ya, na ụfọdụ n'ime ha mgbe ụfọdụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Ọkà mmụta sayensị kewara niile phraseological nkeji na atọ n'ígwé dabere na ha stylistic agba?.

1. Anọpụ iche n'ịgwa, dị ka "New Year", "anya". Akpaala okwu na ụkpụrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a plan-abụkarị mfe ke nkọwa, dị ka onye na-eji ha na okwu ya mgbe ezuru.
2. Book. Ha ga-eji ọ bụghị nanị na-ebipụta ma na-na-ekwu kwa ụbọchị - ọ ga-egosi banyere otu nwoke nke erudition ( "Bebel", "òtù Achilles n'ikiri ụkwụ"). Otú ọ dị, na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ojiji bookish idioms na n'ịgba ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ kwa mgbe.
3. Kwuru. Jiri ezi mgbe "maverick", "buffoon" na ndị ọzọ idioms. Mezuwo 6 - oge kacha mma iji mara ndị na-amụrụ yiri okwu, ọ malitere ifịk ifịk na-eji ha.
4. N'asụsụ idioms adịghị anakwere na-ekwu okwu nke na-gụrụ akwụkwọ mmadụ, karịsịa a iwu ọnọdụ. Iji mara omume na-bulie a ezigbo okwu. N'ihi ya, okwu ndị bụ "jupụtara nzuzu" nwere ike dochie phraseology "na-abịa dị ka a girraaf."

Kwuru na ndị ọzọ asụsụ

All ndị dị iche iche nke ụwa nwere a oké omenala nketa, nke nwere ike ekewet, na akwụkwọ. Catch ahịrịokwu bụ ugbu bụghị nanị na Russian asụsụ, kamakwa ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị mmiri na-gbanwere, otú i nwere ike ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-aghọta ihe ọ pụtara akpaala okwu, kama ọ pụtara na-anọgide n'otu. Ụfọdụ iche iche nwere ike mata site n'ihe nlereanya nke ndị Bekee.

• Okwu ahụ bụ "obere nnụnụ" ( "rara avis") na-abịa site Latin. Na Russian pụtara akpaala okwu "na-acha ọcha okwukwa", na English translation na-agbanwebeghị.
• "Iti ka a azụ na ice" - ya mere na-ekwu banyere onye na-aku a siri na efu ọrụ. Na English, okwu na-ada ka "esiri ekwensu n'ọdụ."
• Akpaala okwu "ka a n'ugwu krotovnitsy" na "ka e mee elephant ofufe" na-zuru ezu synonyms, ma ndị mbụ a na-achọta ná mba ndị nke Europe.
• Na English, na-ewu ewu bụ "ka ifufe adaha" ada ka "akwụsị n'ime mkpa ikuku." Ya mere, ha na-ekwu banyere otu nwoke na-ngwa ngwa na mberede okụrede, adịghị akọwa.
• Mara okwu bụ "abụọ na abụọ na-anọ 'na English ọ na-ada nnọọ iche:" o doro anya dị ka imi gị ihu. " Bụ nke a n'ihi na ike ihe ọmụma nke mgbakọ na mwepụ?
• The English akpaala okwu "na-akpọ a spade a spade" ụda ọzọ n'ụzọ nkịtị, "na-akpọ a spade shọvel." O nwere ike ịbụ na-akpali ajụjụ: "Gịnị mere na a ubi ngwá ọrụ, ọ bụghị a pudding ma ọ bụ kọfị?"

• Ọ bụrụ na ndị Russia ga-asị "na-ọnụ gị mechie," ndị England ka chatterbox "eriri ihe egbugbere ọnụ gị." Mara n'ezie, nke pụtara akpaala okwu na ị na-anụghị, biko rụtụ aka na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu.
• Ụfọdụ catch nkebi ahịrịokwu si mba dị iche iche nke ụwa kpam kpam na-ejigide okwu akụrụngwa na translation. Ya mere, idioms "na-aga site ọkụ na mmiri," "ọnụ afọ ọsịsa", "mkpụrụ obi dum na-emeghe" na "na-achọ a agịga na a ukwo ahihia" ada otu English na Russian.

Kwuru-ọkà n'osisi,-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị ọzọ

Na Russian, a nnukwu ìgwè buru idioms, ozugbo-eji na a akpan akpan ọrụ. Biko mara na dị ka e nwere idioms na a warara gburugburu nke ndị mmadụ, bụ onye na-aghọ mkpa na mba. Na-ewu ewu na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-asị "na-agba ọsọ ụgbọ mmiri" na "na-aga na eruba" na nwere ihe atụ pụtara - "ekpe na ihe ọ bụla" na "irube isi ike." Nkebi ahịrịokwu bụ "ọ dịghị eriri ma ọ bụ ikedo", "icho mma ukpa" na ndị ọzọ na-eji na ọkachamara okirikiri-ọkà n'osisi, na mgbe e mesịrị onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọkụ azụ na-eji ya okwu, nkebi ahịrịokwu "na-esi na azụ" ma ọ bụ "aru nko" na nkịtị, ndị ọzọ na-ekwu otú n'ọnọdụ ndị na-na-adịghị metụtara azu. N'ihi ya, na isi mmalite nke phraseology pụrụ ịchọta ndị ọkachamara ubi nke ọrụ.

Kwuru na n'oge ochie

Ụwa nke oge a nweta ihe ka omenala oge ochie Greece na Rom, dị ka classic ihe atụ nke art na-tọrọ kpomkwem ke emi oge. Dere si oge ochie myths na epics eji na akwụkwọ nke ugbu a afọ. Isi mmalite nke phraseology ike deere oge ochie Greece na Rom, dị ka ndị oge ochie akụkọ mgbe niile n'ihu ọha mmasị.

Taa, ị adịkarịghị anụ akpaala okwu "na-adaba ogwe aka nke Morpheus", na mbụ nwe okwu mgbe na-ezo aka a ntụgharị. Mmalite nke na-ewu ewu okwu a na-ejikọta ozugbo na abụọ phenomena. Ọgwụ ụra nke morphine enwetara site na poppy ifuru isi, na chi Morpheus na Gris oge ochie na-asa na poppy okooko osisi na mgbe o meghere anya ya.

Hymen n'oge ochie - chi nke alụmdi na nwunye. Na-ekwu banyere otu nke abụọ ndị hụrụ na-eji ahịrịokwu, dị ka a akụkụ nke bụ a okwu nke na-anọchi ndị yinye, akwara ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na njikọ ọcha. Ties kegide onye ọzọ - na pụtara akpaala okwu "ihe nkekọ nke Hymen", nke pụtara ebighi-ebi na ịhụnanya n'etiti mmadụ abụọ.

Ogologo oge gara aga bụ chi nwaanyị nke iseokwu Eris kpebiri iji bọọ ọbọ na chi, + ndị na-adịghị kpọrọ ya ka a oriri. Ọ ebugharị ya a ọlaedo apple na e dere "ebube Hera, Aphrodite na Athena". Atọ chi nwanyị ogologo rụrụ ụka, onye n'ụzọ ziri ezi nwere na-eyi na aha, ma Paris emewo ka oke na ihu ọma nke na chi nwaanyị nke ịhụnanya. N'ihi nke a, ọ nyere ya aka na-Helen, n'ihi na nke a malitere ogologo oge Trojan War. N'ihi ya, e akpaala okwu "apple nke iseokwu na".

Gris oge ochie fabulist Aesop bụghị onye ọ bụla e nyere ịghọta. Na-ekwu okwu, ọ na-eji ilu n'ikuku, n'ihi ihe ndị gbara ya gburugburu ike maa ihe ọ na-eme na okwu. Taa, okwu bụ "Aesop asụsụ" pụtara ike ikwu echiche ha allegories na ilu.

The ọrụ nke phraseology na media

The ọrụ nke akwụkwọ - isere uche nke na-agụ akwụkwọ na-enweta a nnukwu na-ege ntị, ekele nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ina ga-enwe mgbe nile elu. Eru ndi oru nta akuko na-agbalị bulie na-egbuke egbuke metaphorical aha, ndabere nke nke iri akpaala okwu. Na CIS, nsọpụrụ na-echeta Russian dere Golden Age, mere mgbe họrọ aha isiokwu ama quote Griboyedov "Ole ndị bụ ndị ikpe?" nke ọrụ ya, "Ahụhụ ga-adịrị si ama". Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị edemede iji idioms ma ọ bụ ịgbakwunye ha na ọhụrụ lexical mmiri. Ka ihe atụ, aha ahụ bụ "The ego na-adịghị ọkụ" a mmekọrịta nke Mihailom Bulgakovym na ya a ma ama dictum "Odide adịghị ọkụ". N'ihi ya, na isi mmalite nke phraseology - bụkwa a akụkọ ifo. Na-ewu ewu catch ahịrịokwu "akwa ship oké mmiri" na "ọkụkọ tupu ha na-kpara" ndi oru nta akuko gbanwere "ihe rubles oké mmiri" na "Ka iwu tupu ha na-kpara". Ndị ọkachamara na-atụ aro na iji ihe phraseology na media mgbe niile na-adọta ndị na-agụ. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na uru nke ọ bụla stylistic ọgụgụ, izere aghara mere.

Njehie na ojiji nke phraseology

Gụrụ akwụkwọ mmadụ na-agbalị ka icho mma okwu ya nwere nku nkebi ahịrịokwu, na-eji ọkachamara okwu na mba ọzọ okwu. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị ojiji nke ụdị ụfọdụ adabaghị, ọ pụrụ imetụta echiche nke onodu na kpamkpam ịgbanwe ya. E nwere ọtụtụ missteps na-erukwa na mmadụ okwu.

Ụfọdụ n'enweghị ezi ihe kpatara belata phraseologism mejupụtara dị ka a N'ihi nke na-efu mmiri "na-amụrụ ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka ọ chọrọ" kama "na-amụrụ ihe ịga nke ọma na-adịghị mma." The mbụ ụdị nke na-eri na-ezighị ezi. Dochie otu n'ime mmiri nwere ike mbụ, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-eme ya na-achị ọchị.

Media ọrụ na-eji okwu akpaala okwu "ebe ọ bụla nta akụkọ na-arahụ n'ihu." The anụ Nchikota na nke a, kama nke okwu "nwoke" a na gbanwetụrụ.

Nnọchi mmiri bụ nso na ụda - njehie nke nwere ike ịme otu nwoke gụrụ akwụkwọ na a akwụsị. Ya mere, kama nke ziri ezi ọdịdị "ghara ida obi" nwere ike nụrụ "na-adịghị efu obi" - họrọ ngwaa na n'oge gara aga na-egosi nke infinitive kama.

Report nnọchi nke Grammatical forms nwekwara ike ime ka na-achị ọchị, karịsịa mgbe kama phraseologism 'ịmụrụ onye afo "ndị mmadụ nụ' ịmụrụ onye afo". Na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egosi na-egosi ihe karịrị adịghị anakwere.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị njehie pụtara na Ịgwakọta nke abụọ nkebi ahịrịokwu. Akpaala okwu "ka a dị iche" na "egwu a ọrụ" nwere ike mgbagwoju anya na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, n'ihi bụ a na-akpa ọchị n'aka "play uru".

Nghọtahie ji aphorisms - bụ mmehie dị oké njọ, n'ihi na n'ihi nke a nwere ike nweta ihe nzuzu na-enye, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa ịmara otú e nwere idioms na mgbe ha ga-eji. N'ihi ya, okwu ndị bụ "na-akpa ọchị na-agụsị akwụkwọ bụrụ abụ ha ọbọgwụ mmiri song" (a song ẹkwọ site a na-anwụ anwụ nnụnụ) ada mkpari, ma ọ bụrụ na ị bụghị n'aka banyere iji phraseological, na-egwu ya mma.

Olee mgbe anyị na-eji nkebi ahịrịokwu na nrughari? Akpaala okwu na-ekwu kwa ụbọchị

Man eji catch nkebi ahịrịokwu na-ekwu okwu nke ukwuu karịa ka o yiri. A, nke a mere n'echeghị. Ya mere, otu ụbọchị, ụfọdụ ekwughachi ọtụtụ iri na abuo okwu. Ọtụtụ mgbe usoro ọmụmụ gụnyere phraseologisms (mezuwo 6 n'ihu).

Anyị na-akpọ a "scapegoat" onye nwere na-aza ajụjụ banyere ajọọ nke ndị ọzọ na-ewe iwe na onye, na-ekwu "m ga-egosi gị pụọ!" Ịgbalị iji nweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ n'ihi mgbalị nile anyị "na-jụụ dị ka a osa na a wheel," na-ume-ngwu, na-amalite na "ọrụ a slipshod n'ụzọ." Ịhụ jụụ umeala agadi nwaanyị, anyị ga-akpọ ya "Chineke Dandelion", a nwoke n'ịgbanahụ ọjọọ n'akụkụ nke agwa - na "nwa atụrụ nke ezinụlọ."

Ukwuu na-erughị ndị mmadụ chọrọ bulie idioms ụma na-enye a okwu aesthetic agba?. Ọkà okwu, dabere na isiokwu nke okwu ya, na-amalite ya na catch ahịrịokwu, nke mere na-ege ntị nwere a mmasị. Eto eto ndị ikom na-emekarị "àjà akụ" dokwuo anya mmekọrịta, na n'ihu na-ekpebi ka ha "mụrụ onye afo" ịgbasi ike. Agbakasị ụmụ "gaa unheeded" ndị maara ihe nduzi nke nne na nna, dị ka "N'obi" mgbe afọ nke ụta. N'ihi ya, phraseology na-eguzosi ike ndụ nke ọ bụla onye.