Ivan Fedorov Ncheta na Moscow. Description of ncheta Ivanu Fedorovu

Kere na 1909, na ncheta na-asụ ụzọ Fedorov - bụ ihe ọzọ na mma nke Moscow, nke otu narị otu narị ndị njem na na bi na-zitere kwa ụbọchị.

Ivan Fyodorov

Ivan Fedorov bụ nwa afọ nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ ya na ókèala nke oge a na Moscow , fọrọ nke nta ná ndụ ya niile ọ nọrọ n'ala ndị Grand Duchy nke Lithuania, na Ukraine, na Lviv, nke n'oge ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Russian ógbè na ndị Commonwealth. N'ihi na a ogologo oge, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ndị Moscow ebipụta ụlọ, na-emeghe na ego nke eze, kpara Ivan Fyodorov, mbụ ngwa nbipute. Ya ncheta mbụ wuru na nso ụlọ.

Ma, ọ na-ewere na nchoputa nke obibi akwụkwọ. The Russian alaeze oge nke Ivan IV mgbe mbụ ọ na bipụtara a okpukpe ọrụ, "The Apostle." Ọ Fedorov bụ nke mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ahụ haa n'ibi ụlọ.

A mụrụ ọkà mmụta n'agbata 1510 na 1530 afọ. E nwere a version of ọmụmụ ya na ókèala ndị Vileyka district, Minsk mpaghara.

Ya mere, taa, ọ bụ nnọọ obere na-echeta. Ụfọdụ ndị nchọpụta kweere ndụ Fedorov na ọ na-gụrụ akwụkwọ na Kraków na ghọrọ a okokporo. The City University nwere ihe ndekọ nke ya.

Na mbụ, ọ bu n'obi na-etinye onwe ya na ọrụ ahụ nke Chineke na-atụle a dikọn na chọọchị nke St. Nicholas Kremlin Gostunskii.

agbanwe ọrụ

Na Fedorov arụ ọrụ na Printing yad Ivan IV, data na-adịghị ẹnịm kemkwenye. Ọ na-otoro na n'akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ amaghị akwụkwọ nta agbala na Moscow.

Kpọmkwem otu afọ 1563 na 1564 arụ ọrụ Fedorov na-enyere ya aka Petrom Mstislavtsem na akwụkwọ "The Apostle". N'ime akwụkwọ a, ndị mbụ na-etinye ya stampụ Ivan Fedorov. Ya ncheta-anọchite anya ndị mbụ na peeji nke "Apostle." A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ndị mbụ na ngwa nbipute ebipụta akwụkwọ ọhụrụ - "Breviary."

Life na Lithuania na Ukraine

Mgbe ọgụ na boyars printshop Fedorov na ibe ya gbaa ọsọ Duchy nke Lithuania. N'ebe ahụ ka ha biri na Chodkiewicz, Hetman of Lithuania, na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ na ya. Getman zụta na meghere a na-ebi akwụkwọ ụlọ ha.

The ala na ụlọ nọ kpafuo, na ebe ha na-emi odude, e nwere akwụkwọ "na-akụziri ndị gospel" na "Psalter na Chasoslovtsem". The abụọ mbipụta "The Apostle" Fedorov Mbipụta ugbua na Lviv. N'ihi na nke a akwụkwọ, o dere, na ya na-ekwusara mmeghe okwu. Mgbe onye òkù nke Prince of Ostrog biri ọtụtụ afọ n'obodo a, ebe ebipụta ụwa mbụ Bible na Church. M nwere oge gara Vienna na Kraków. N'ihi na a ogologo oge, m kwekọrọ na a ma ama European-enye ìhè nke sayensị.

Enye ama akpa ke Lviv, ebe e liri ya.

ebi akwụkwọ

Dị ka a na-eje ozi nke Church nke ala na klas, Ivan Fedorov họrọ ibipụta kasị nkịtị n'oge ahụ okpukpe akụkụ. Ọ na-bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na ụtọ asụsụ, nke mere na onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịmụta ịgụ na ide ihe.

The mbụ ụdị e mere akwụkwọ fọrọ nke nta ka oge a na ụkpụrụ. The ederede na otu page enịm iri abụọ na ise e. Ha na-fọrọ nke nta yiri ka oge a na A4 format. The mbụ e biri ebi akwụkwọ nwere nkụnye ndị eji isi mee na footers, na ọbụna subscript na superscript zoro fashionable n'oge ahụ na Europe. Ha we ma e Ivan Fedorov. Ya ncheta-egosi a mpịakọta na yiri akwụkwọ ozi.

abụọ na agba na-eji n'oge-ebi akwụkwọ. Tupu mbipụta nke akwụkwọ nwere nlezianya na-agụ ihe odide ahụ, na-agbazi njehie, ịgbanwe ụfọdụ nke atụmatụ okwu. Ọhụrụ ọ bụla isi ọsụ ụzọ mma na mbụ vignettes na ji achọ Akara ókwú.

igwe

On a kpara ngwá, sochiri ụbọchị na abalị m na-arụ ọrụ Fedorov, fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla data. Mgbe ọnwụ nke ndị nkwusa na-anọgide na a nkọwa nke ihe na ya. The ígwè e arụpụtara site Italian technology. Iji ya wee na bargain osisi akụkụ. The akwụkwọ ozi ka akwụkwọ enwe site na efere, ọla kọpa nnukwu ịghasa propela. Ọ hụrụ na otu ebe na etiti maka akwụkwọ ozi. Machine ntukwasi dị 104 kilogram. Ha na-adị mfe na-eji Ivan Fedorov. The ncheta-egosi na igwe na otu ikpọ ele.

History of ncheta

Pụtara iji hụ na dịgide ebe nchekwa nke oké Ivan Fedorov, ha malitere obon na 1870. The initiators nke nzukọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke Moscow Archaeological Union. Ọ bụ ezie na ego na-etinye ọnụ kama ngwa ngwa, ajụjụ nke kpọmkwem onye ga-arụ ọrụ na ọkpụkpụ, nọgidere na-emeghe.

Ncheta Ivan Fedorov, ebe ọsụ ụzọ na-anọchi ya zuru elu, e guzobere na 1909. Ego ya anakọtara iri atọ na afọ itoolu. Tupu ndị na-ewu nke ncheta ya anakọtara 29 000 rubles,-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya nchikota n'oge ahụ. Asọmpi architects na-akpụ ihe na nke mbụ na-emezughị. The Commission anaghị amasị ọ bụla nhọrọ chọrọ ọrụ.

Mgbe ịkpachara anya nhọrọ nke ọrụ kasị mma nke ndị nka nke Russia na mba ndị ọzọ na-debara aha ọkpụ Sergey Mihaylovich Volnuhin na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Ivan Pavlovich Mashkov. Inyocha oru Klyuchevskii emeri ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere na-ese Apollinaris Vasnetsov.

Description nke ncheta Ivan Fedorov

Ivan Fyodorov guzo a ncheta ke ya mmasị ịnọ otú na-arụ ọrụ. Otu aka o biri ebi osisi na a set nke akwụkwọ ozi. Na ya ọzọ n'aka na ọ na-esetịpụ o mee nnọọ ka a na peeji nke si n'akwụkwọ "The Apostle." The ọkpụkpụ na-ọla.

Description nke ncheta Ivan Fedorov agaghị ezu ezu ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekwu okwu banyere ya na uwe ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nkwusa na bụ onye mmụọ nsọ na, na-akpụ ihe ẹwụtde ke ya na mbụ attire maka ndị ugboro: ogologo uwe buttoned on buttons, nke nke onye pụrụ ịhụ ogologo ọkpa tucked n'ime akpụkpọ ụkwụ.

Hair ọsụ ụzọ kegide na a rịbọn, ka ọ ghara igbochi n'oge ọrụ.

The pedestal na-mma na uwe nke ogwe aka nke Fedorov na a aka na ọta na mkpịrịsị. On top nke akwụkwọ ozi na-egosi na a obere n'ọnụ, dị ka akụ. N'okpuru ihe oyiyi nke ukwu nwere a mbinye aka "Nikoly Chudotvortsa Gostunskogo dikọn Ivan Fedorov".

Ọkpụ ike eleghara akwụkwọ "The Apostle" na-etinye mmalite ụbọchị nke ya oruru n'okpuru aha nke ndị nkwusa.

Location

The ebe a ncheta Ivan Fedorov, họọrọ site ohere. N'akụkụ ya na bụ otu ugboro a na-ebi akwụkwọ ụlọ, nke e kwụrụ ụgwọ Ivanom Groznym. E nwekwara pụtara akwụkwọ bụ "The Apostle ke" akpa nsiondi. The yad e hiwere na 1553, ma n'otu Fedorov malitere na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ.

Mgbe Pita na Great n'ebe a malitere na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ "Vedomosti".

Ma ọ bụrụ na ndị njem ga-jụrụ ebe a ncheta Ivanu Fodorovu, ha na-akpọ a dị nnọọ iche n'ebe. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ nyefe nke ncheta na a elu. Na 1934, na n'èzí nile nke Moscow malitere mụbaa, ibibi ochie ụlọ. Kitai-Gorod mgbidi adịkwaghị, na e kpebiri ịkwaga ihe oyiyi.

Na na afọ 90 ncheta a kpaliri ndị Metropole Hotel. Site ọrụ Fedorov, ozugbo Mint bụ nnukwu, e nwere nanị obere ụlọ dị elu. E nwere, na mbụ "nri" Ivan Fyodorov-arụ ọrụ. The tour na ncheta ẹkenịmde ke weekdays na ngwụsị izu, ọ na-agwụ na a njem nke attics.

Na ebe nchekwa nke Fedorov

Moscow ncheta - bụghị naanị banyere nke a kwesiri nwoke, ime mmụọ na ihu na nkuzi. Na 1997, a ngosi nka na nsọpụrụ nke Ivana Fedorova e meghere na Potocki Obí. Ọ bụ omume na-amụta ihe banyere ndụ nke Onye Okike nke akwụkwọ, nakwa dị ka ihe banyere otú ebi akwụkwọ usoro ibido họọrọ nke akwụkwọ na-ebipụta na ihe mere na oge mbụ e bipụtara na akwụkwọ okpukpe.

Near ngosi nka bụ "oké ọnụ ahịa" dị ka a nwoke Ivan Fedorov - ọsụ ụzọ. The ncheta e mere site ọkpụ Anatoly Galyanom.

Na 1998, na Atọ n'Ime Otu-Sergius Lavra nsọ icon, nke na-egosi na nchoputa nke akwụkwọ ya na igwe. Nke a relic bụ ihe pụrụ iche site na eziokwu na nke mbụ na dum akụkọ ihe mere nke Orthodox na ya bịara na-eru pịa.

Na 2009 Fyodorov senti na Old kwere ekwe Orthodox Church, baptizim ya John dikọn.

Na na 2010, aha Ivan Fedorov e ọdịda nke State University of Printing na Moscow, ụbọchị nke ha na ya na asatọ ụbọchị ọmụmụ.

Na Lviv, on a Central square na-anọchi a ise mita ọkpụkpụ - yi Ecclesiastical uwe mwụda Ivan Fedorov. Ncheta ke Moscow dị iche iche si na ya. Ncheta ke Lviv e mere n'ebe ahụ ọ bụ typography.

Facts banyere ncheta

• N'oge na oghere nke ncheta ke 1909, enye ada ọnụ niile ndị ọchịchị obodo ahụ. ndị edikan e mere. N'echi ya, agafe agafe hụrụ na e nwere ihe ncheta wreath na nke bụ aha ahụ e dere "Martyrs Russian akwụkwọ-ebi akwụkwọ." Unknown chọrọ egosi otú ndị mkpagbu nke o diri Ivan Fedorov na Moscow site mgbe ahụ ndị ọchịchị.
• A akụkọ na Soviet Union bụ Ivan Fedorov. Ncheta ke Moscow e sere na Soviet maka ozi stampụ na afọ iji na-echeta na narị atọ na iri ise na afọ mgbe ọnwụ ya.
• The ọkpụkpụ pụrụ hụrụ mgbe na-ekiri ndị otu ugboro-acclaimed Soviet blockbuster "The ebe mgbakọ apụghị gbanwere." N'akuku ya Sharapov na Anna zutere.
• The ncheta-emi odude nso Rue St. Nicholas. Ọ dịwo anya ama n'ihi na ya akwụkwọ ahịa na ụlọ ahịa. Tupu mgbanwe, Nicholas bụ ezigbo center nke n'akwụkwọ nke ndụ, n'ụlọ malite n'ụtụtụ ruo n'abalị niile Moscow J.Randall.
• Na Soviet ụfọdụ, ihe ncheta wee ozugbo metụtara na akwụkwọ. Akwụkwọ Ya dọtara na mgbasa ozi ahịa na ọhụrụ na-echekwa.
• Fedorov ncheta anya si Okhotny Ryad.
• Onye Okike nke ngwaahịa na-ewere dị ka nna nna nke Volnukhin nouveau na atụ na Russian ọkpụkpụ. N'elu ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo afọ abụọ.
• Ta ya na a chekwara nke ọ kpọrọ aha otú anya Ivan Fedorov. Ncheta obere aka ike I. Zabelin, Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme, bụ ndị na-eduzi ọkpụ, na-elekwasị anya a oge mgbe ndị nkwusa bi.