Ivan Fyodorov: biography nke ndụ ya, photos

Akwụkwọ mbụ na-ebi akwụkwọ na Russia nēbu aha Moskovitin. Ma ụmụ a bịara mara dị ka Ivan Fedorov. The biography nke a dị ịrịba ama nwoke jupụtara ihe na njem, nke na ọ bụ mkpa ka a mata ihe ndị kasị mkpa nkọwa. Ndị a dị mkpirikpi Abstracts nke ndụ nke oké mmadụ ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka ihe e kere eke nke akwụkwọ na isiokwu "Ivan Fedorov biography maka ụmụaka." Biography nke a, nwoke ga-abụ na-akpali onye ọ bụla na-nwere mmasi na mmepe nke Russian akwụkwọ, bụ isi na-eto eto na-agụ akwụkwọ. Biography Ivan Fedorov maka ụmụaka kwesịrị ezo aka isi ihe nke ya na-eme dị ka onye na-akpakọrịta na ọsụ ụzọ. N'ezie, mmepe nke Russian asụsụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka ewere enweghị Mbipụta. Ma aha onye malitere nke Russian akwụkwọ - Ivan Fedorov.

akwụkwọ eji achọ ọrụ

ọsụ ụzọ ndụ afọ - 1510-1583. The kpọmkwem ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke Ivan Moskovitina amaghị ama. Aha ya bụ yikarịrị mesoghị na aha ezinụlọ na ebe a mụrụ. N'oge Russ a na-akpọ a obere ihe gbasara onye isi, geographically kenyere Rzeczpospolita. Ihe ka nnọọ n'ebe ugwu n'ókèala nke oge a na Russia na narị afọ nke 16 a maara e mba ọzọ Muscovy.

Ọ maara na mgbe ọ bụ nwata, Ivan gaa ọtụtụ ebe na-amụ na European mahadum. Europe mmuta gburu Ivan Moskvitina - n'ihi na n'oge ndị e biri ebi n'akwụkwọ a mara ihe karịrị otu narị afọ na Europe. Education larịị mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ dị iche iche site na ihe ọ hụrụ n'ụlọ Ivan Fedorov. Biography ga-ezu na-enweghị akụkọ banyere ihe echiche na o mewo ka Europe.

The mbụ ebi akwụkwọ ụlọ

Ihe na-akpali biography Ivana Fedorova maka ụmụaka ga-depụtara na ebe nke mbụ ígwè obibi akwụkwọ ụlọ, nke e odude na ókèala nke mba anyị. The mbụ typographic ogbako e mepere Moscow. Ya na-eme na-ike-jikọrọ ya na aha ya onye nwe ya, onye kpọrọ onwe ya Ivan Fedorov. Brief biography nke nwoke a na-egosi na nke a bụ ezi ihe ọ na-amalite otu, na ya na typographer na ibe ya, nke aha ya bụ Petr Timofeevich Mstislavtsev. Dị ka iwu nke Tsar Ivan egwu, na-ebi akwụkwọ na-emepụta akwụkwọ okpukpe. Maka na Ọkaakaa nke ígwè obibi akwụkwọ a họpụtara Ivan Fedorov. Brief biography nke ụmụaka pụrụ igosi na mbụ na ngwa nbipute bụ a ezu - o bee a ọkaibe Mbipụta, na-eji osisi ube osisi, o wee na a collection of Akara ókwú, ọ mma ya mbụ akwụkwọ.

"Onyeozi"

First bipụtara ha akwụkwọ na-akpọ "The Apostle." Biography Ivan Fedorov maka ụmụaka nwere ike gaghị eleghara a yi akwụkwọ. Amazing vignettes, doro anya ebi akwụkwọ Akara ókwú na magburu onwe atụ ka akwụkwọ a bụ ọrụ nkà.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị "Apostle" mbipụta nwere ihe ndị na ngwa nbipute. Ha na-enye nkọwa na-egosi onwe ya a kpọrọ nwoke gụrụ akwụkwọ, aga were were n'ọnụ na edemede norms nke Russian asụsụ n'oge. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị kwuru e banyere nanị, "Ivan Fedorov". Brief biography nwoke a ga-abụrụ na-egosi na akwụkwọ, o bipụtara bụghị naanị na behest nke eze ukwu. Ebumnobi bụ isi nke na-ede akwụkwọ bụ na-ebipụta a akwụkwọ "na ọṅụ nke ndị Russia." The mbụ "onyeozi" emeela zuru nnwapụta nke Church, na e bipụtara na a nrugharị 2,000 mbipụta. Ọ ọbọhọ ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 60 rarities.

"Breviary"

The abụọ akwụkwọ, bipụtara na Moscow typographic ogbako bụ "Breviary." Ya ndị nọ na- Peter Mstislavets na Ivan Fedorov. Biography Russian akwụkwọ-na ngwa nbipute ole na ole na-akwụsị ya nke abụọ n'akwụkwọ. Ọ maara na ọ bụ onye na-akwụkwọ okpukpe, ma e kwetara na pịa na na ihu ọma nke Orthodox Church.

ịgafe

Biography Ivan Fedorov maka ụmụ ekwesịghị dabere na mwute ngosipụta nke ndụ ya. N'ihi na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị mere ọ na-apụghị-ebi akwụkwọ azụmahịa na Moscow na-atụgharị. Ikekwe ihe mere ha ọpụpụ na-eru nso ize ndụ ọhụrụ dike Ivana Groznogo - na Guardsmen. The mbụ na ngwa nbipute ọsọ Grand Duchy nke Moscow na biri na Grand Duchy nke Lithuania, na obodo Zabłudów, nke a ugbu a dị na ókèala Poland. Otuto mbụ na-ebi akwụkwọ na ruru ndị a dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ebe - Fedorov na Mstislavets kelere n'ogige nke Hetman Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Hotkevicha. Big Ọtọdọks na a supporter nke onwe nke Duchy nke Lithuania, o nyere nchebe ya mbụ na ngwa nbipute. N'oge na-adịghị a obere typographic ogbako e tọrọ ntọala n'okpuru ya patronage na nke na-akwadebe n'akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ na Church Slavonic.

"Iji na-ezi ozi ọma"

Zabludovskii mbụ mbipụta bụ "izi ozi ọma," nke e bipụtara na 1569. Mgbe ya ụzọ ọpụpụ ụzọ diverged mbụ na-ebi akwụkwọ - Mstislavets wee gaa n'obodo nke Vilna, na niile na-echegbu banyere akara aka nke-ebi akwụkwọ we Ivan Fedorov. Biography nke oge nke ndụ na-egosi na ikpe e etinye na a ndabere siri ike, na ọhụrụ akwụkwọ hụrụ ha na-agụ akwụkwọ. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na n'oge nke akwụkwọ bụ abụghị nke ukwuu isi iyi nke ihe ọmụma, ka a n'aka nke isi obodo ụlọ ọrụ. E biri ebi ngwaahịa bụ nnọọ oké ọnụ, na enterprising ọgaranya na-ahọrọ itinye ego ya na akwụkwọ, ọ bụghị ilekọta banyere ihe e dere na ha. Ọ bụla ọ bụ, "na-akụziri ndị gospel" gosiri ịga nke ọma nke a na-agbalị, na Ivan Fyodorov malitere iche a ọhụrụ mbipụta nke akwụkwọ.

"Abụ Ọma"

1570 bụ ihe kasị mma nke dum oge nke ibi Zdolbunov. Na nke a afọ pụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na ama "Abụ Ọma", mma frontispisnoy osise e sere Eze Devid nke Israel. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị dara oké ọnụ mbipụta Fedorova, nke o doro nsọ na ya nchebe - na otu n'ime peeji nke akara nke Khotkevych. N'ụzọ dị mwute, oge anyị na-anwụghị nanị anọ nke akwụkwọ - ha abụọ bụ na Western Europe - onye na Russia na otu - na Ukraine.

The Union of Lublin etinye Hetman Khotkevych na a siri ike ọnọdụ. Ọ nwere ike na-akwado dị mkpa ọrụ nke obibi, na a manyere agọnahụ Fedorov nkwado na patronage. Book ngwa nbipute friendly Zabłudów ekpe ma kwaga n'obodo. Otú malitere oge nke ọrụ ya na Lviv.

Na 1574, nke mbụ bụ na Ukraine typographic ogbako e hiwere na Lviv. Na ọzọ ọbụ-ede akwụkwọ, ngụgharị na nchịkọta akụkọ ya bụ Ivan Fedorov. Biography maka ụmụaka ga-ijide n'aka na-agụnye a laghachi ya akwụkwọ mbụ-ebi e kere eke - Lviv ya akwụkwọ mbụ "The Apostle" malitere ọzọ. Na Lviv Fedorov m enweghị onye ọ bụla ego ma ọ bụ n'ọkwá, otú Lviv "onyeozi" - nke a bụ nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ Fedorova, nke nwere ya ebipụta ika. Ebe a, mbụ akwụkwọ ụtọ asụsụ, e bipụtara Russian, nke a na-akpọ "ABC".

Jobs na Konstantina Ostrozhskogo

N'ime oge ahụ, chioma hapụrụ ọsụ ụzọ, na Lviv, ọ malitere na-achụso a ego ndọghachi azụ. Ọ manyere ibelata ya na ọrụ ya na-anabata òkù a ọgaranya na-eru tycoon - Prince Konstantina Ostrozhskogo. Prince nabatara ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na ekele ha ọha mmadụ, n'ihi ya, ọ gbara ndị na mmekorita n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-edu Gerasim Smotritskaya. E akadade Ostroh Academy, nke dị mkpa n'ezie ya "Drukarnya" - n'ihi na ụbọchị ndị a na-akpọ typographic omumuihe. Ebe a Ivan Fedorov aku na njikere nke n'akwụkwọ nke pụrụ iche Bible nke bụ na-ekpuchikwa niile dị na oge nke Okwu Chineke Mbipụta.

Na 1580 Ostroh ebi akwụkwọ ụlọ tọhapụrụ New Testament na Abụ Ọma. Ya mere, e a "akwụkwọ-a collection of ihe nainuzhnyh", dere site Timothy M. Ivan Fedorov. Biography maka ụmụaka kwesịrị arụtụ aka ọdịnaya nke a tọhapụ. The "akwụkwọ .." bụ a obere ndepụta ụfọdụ nkebi ahịrịokwu si New Testament, na ihe na-egosi ha na ọnọdụ na peeji nke Oziọma. Nti imewe "akwụkwọ" - a cover page n'akwụkwọ mma nnukwu n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá, na-agwa onye na-agụ na-achọpụta ụwa nke akwụkwọ.

Ostrog Bible

N'ezie, ihe ndị kasị ama mbipụta Ivan Fedorov na oge a bụ Ostroh Bible. Nke a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ bụ omenala nketa nke ihe niile Slavic iche iche, na ịlele ebi akwụkwọ art. Ọ bụrụ na onye nọ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ bụ "Ivan Fedorov. Brief biography maka ụmụ "- foto Ostrog Bible n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-kokwasịrị n'ahụ ájá ya frontispiece. Kpam kpam ise mbipụta nke oké akwụkwọ. Ivan Fedorov gbanwee ya ego omume, na laghachi n'obodo n'elu ụwa. Ebe a, ọ gbalịrị re-emeghe typographic ogbako, edi akpa enweghị ịhụ ihe ha na-agbalịsi. Lviv na-emeghe a ígwè obibi akwụkwọ ụlọ umu nwere ohere na-asụ ụzọ na-eso ụzọ ya. Fedorov elìe Onufrievskom na-eli ozu na nso temple. Ọkpara na-eso ụzọ kwesịrị ọsụ ụzọ Ivan Fedorov iso azụmahịa, ma na-adịghị ahụ ruru na ama nke onye nkụzi ya.