Ndị na-akpata nke Russian-Turkish agha (1877-1878 gg.) Ma ya pụta

Ọtụtụ na-akpata nke Russian-Turkish agha (1877-1878 gg.) Mere mmalite nke agha n'etiti abụọ alaeze ukwu na ndị Balkan Peninsula. O nwere ihe dị mkpa pụtara maka Slavic iche iche nke mpaghara.

perennial see

Ịtụle akpata nke Russian-Turkish agha (1877-1878 gg.), Ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ndị agha dị n'etiti abụọ ndị a ike bụ ya mere agadi na miri na kwa mgbe nile njikere see ghọrọ a ezi uche n'ihu nke a ọtụtụ narị afọ ịma aka n'etiti eze na Sultan. Kemgbe ahụ, na na Asaa na narị afọ, ndị a na-ekwu, ndị nkịtị ókè, ha mgbe niile agha n'elu ala na ego.

Na nke a ịma aka Turkey ugboro ugboro merie, na-enye Romanov ọhụrụ ógbè - .. Ukrainian steppe, na Moldavia ihe gbasara onye isi, wdg The wezụga bụ na-alụ Agha Crimea 1853-1856, mgbe Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman n'ihu ọha akwado Western European ike, na-atụ egwu oké ike nke Russia. . Nicholas m nwụrụ nká na ọtụtụ ụzọ si obi ọgba aghara jikọtara ya agha mmeri.

Nwa nke onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ eze, Alexander II ike gwụ ndị agha na-enyemaka nke nnukwu diplomatic mgbalị, na-aga na isi ohere ụfọdụ ndị iro mmekota. Ma ọbụna Treaty nke 1856 nyere emesi obi ike na-awụfu ọbara ga-amalite ọzọ. Ndị na-akpata nke Russian-Turkish agha (1877-1878 gg.) Alexander mere ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị ọzọ gaa see na ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman.

Mmegbu nke Balkan Slav

Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Crimea War, na otu nke isi nke Paris Peace Treaty, Turkey emesi ndị ịha nhata nke Muslim na Kraịst bi nke mba. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị nnukwu iche Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman na ndi fọduru nke Europe.

The Turks ha bụ ndị Alakụba, ma na Balkan n'ókèala nke ala biri Slavic ọtụtụ - Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro na Bulgarians. All ndị a sị na Christianity. N'ihi ya, ndị agha dị n'etiti ha na ndị titular mba yi bụghị naanị a mba, ma confessional agwa.

Ndị na-akpata nke Russian-Turkish agha (1877-1878 gg.) Ọ bụ kpọmkwem ahaghị ọnọdụ nke Bulgarians. All Balkan Slavic ndị mmadụ anya na eze St. Petersburg dị ka a na-agbachitere nke ndị gbasara ya na a mgbe niile ma jụọ maka enyemaka ya.

Anyị apụghị ikwu na Sultan na ọchịchị ya nọ n'azụ ihe ike megide Kraịst. Otú ọ dị, na steeti okosobode ndị dị otú ahụ n'ime obodo site na mkpịsị aka ya na egbochighị ndị Alakụba na-emegbu ndị Bulgarians na ndị ọzọ na agbụrụ dum.

Ná mmalite nke XIX narị afọ si Turkey "kewaa" Greece. The mba nweela onwe ya mgbe afọ nke ọbara agha. Ma na ọtụtụ iri afọ ndị sochirinụ ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman wee na-ịchịkwa ụfọdụ mpaghara ebe e nwere ndị ka ndị Grik bi.

N'ihi nke a, na 1860s na agwaetiti Krit bụ ntọhapụ nsogbu, nke e ji obi ọjọọ igbochi. N'ihi ya, ndị na-akpata nke Russian-Turkish agha nke 1877-1878. Ọ na-kpomkwem ke eziokwu na ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman agaghị adị na ya gara aga ala, mgbe ọ bụghị n'ihe banyere ikike nke ọtụtụ Balkan iche iche.

Gorchakov si diplomacy

Alexander II ghọrọ eze mgbe Russia ka furu efu Crimea War. Ọ na-aga na ọjọọ ụwa. Ọ bụ ezie na mba na-adịghị efu n'ókèala, na Black Sea nsoro e bibiri, na agọ dị ka nkwekọrịta. N'ihi na St. Petersburg a ọnọdụ na-emenye ihere. The ọhụrụ eze ukwu họpụtara ka post of Minister nke Ọzọ Affairs nwetara diplomaati Alexander Gorchakov. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ tụlee ya "isi awọ kadinal" nke Russian mba ọzọ amụma nke oge.

The Tsar na Gorchakov malitere ịkwadebe maka-apụghị izere ezere na-akawanye njọ nke idina ndị Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu na-abịa agha. Na Russia, na udo oge gafere ọtụtụ mgbanwe: na ojuju nke serfdom, mgbanwe ndị na-agha na aku na uba. All nke a jikoro gụnyere kwesịrị inyere aka ime nke ugbua na anụ ụlọ ndị agha.

Prussia Union

Mgbe European ike n'ihu ọha na-akwado Turkey na-alụ Agha Crimea, ochie diplomatic mmekọahụ ha ghọrọ-agaghị ekwe omume. The naanị mmekorita nke St. Petersburg ghọrọ Berlin. N'oge a, Eze nke Prussia ngwa ngwa n'otu Germany, chọrọ ike a otu mba alaeze ukwu. Ya onye iro bụ Austria. Habsburg usoro ndị eze, nke na-achị na Vienna, nwekwara ekwu na ịdị n'otu nke Germany n'okpuru ya iwu, ma e meriri na-alụso Hohenzollern.

Na 1870, Prussia meriri France na War nke Alsace na Lorraine. Nke a nke ọma kwere ka ndị King of Prussia ịkpọsa ihe e kere eke nke German Alaeze Ukwu, nke na-agụnye ọtụtụ obere German ihe gbasara onye isi. France bụ otu n'ime guarantors nke ike n'ezi ihe nke Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu. Russia na Germany togboro a n'otu diplomatic n'ihu, na-achọ ịmanye Paris hapụ ha na nkwa na Sultan. Nke a plan n'ezie. Ke adianade do, Russia ugboro ọzọ meriri nri na-ewu ụgbọ mmiri na na Black Sea.

Bulgarian nsogbu

N'oge na-adịghị Russian-ekwuchitere mba nwetara carte Blanche ka emegideghị ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman. Otụk ndabere, ndị mere Russian-Turkish agha (1877-1878 gg.), Nakwa dị ka nkwekọrịta nke European ike. N'oge ahụ mba ntọhapụ nsogbu ke Bulgaria.

Janissaries idiọk mesoo bụghị naanị na militias, ma ndị nkịtị. Nke a bụ ihe mere Russian-Turkish War (1877-1878). Results nke nsogbu na-emetụta nnọọ ngwa ngwa. Russia kwuru agha ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, akwado Orthodox Bulgarians onye jụrụ maka enyemaka iji eze. N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Danube wee a ọbara see okwu n'etiti ndị agha nke mba ndị a.

ihe ga-esi n'agha ahụ

Ịmara ihe bụ ihe ndị mere Russian-Turkish agha (1877-1878 gg.), Ị nwere ike mfe maa ihe ọ kwụsịrị. Ndị agha Alexander II meriri ndị Alakụba, na ndị na-egwu Istanbul. Sultan nwere-amalite diplomacy.

Na 1878 na San Stefano udo nkwekorita e banyere. Dị ka ya, Romania, Serbia na Montenegro ghọrọ onwe ha na-ekwu. Bulgarians natara sara mbara obodo kwụụrụ. N'oge na-adịghị, de facto, ha bịakwara si n'okpuru ikike nke Istanbul. Russia sonyere Bessarabia na Kars na mpaghara na South Caucasus.