Julia Dobrovol'skaya: biography, eme ihe na-akpali eziokwu

Dobrovol'skaya Julia Abramovna maara na pedagogical na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị okirikiri. Ya n'uru bụ ihe e kere eke nke ụwa kasị mma Italian asụsụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, ihe kasị saa mbara Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu: Russian-Italian na Italian-Russian.

Ọ bụ maka ndụ ya were a otutu fim, akwụkwọ, na isiokwu, kụziiri ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ. Prọfesọ Milan, Trieste, Trent University Dobrovol'skaya mere karịa onye ọ bụla ọzọ na popularize na Russian asụsụ na Italy. Ihe karịrị otu ugboro na Italian Gọọmenti ọdịda ya nwa anụmanụ na ubi nke omenala.

Nwata, na-eto eto

25/08/1917 na Nizhny Novgorod na ndị ezinụlọ a forester mụrụ n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị-asụsụ Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Biography ya n'oge uto akara, ezinụlọ ya kwagara ebe ugwu ahụ isi obodo. Nna ya gara ọrụ na Leningrad mmepụta planner, m na nne m - a nkụzi nke English.

Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ, nwa agbọghọ na-ahọrọ nke na ọrụ bụ na nne nzọụkwụ, na-abanye na ngalaba nke LIFLI. Ndị nkụzi na Julia immensely kechioma: ụwa ma ama ọkà mmụta sayensị Propp V. Ya fundamentally kụziiri ụmụ akwụkwọ bụghị naanị German asụsụ, na-akọwa otú nke a n'echiche asụsụ.

Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya Abramovna Julia ekele maka Vladimiru Yakovlevichu kụziiri ya ihe ndị bụ isi nke nkà - na-a Polyglot. N'ọdịnihu, na iji nwetara ihe ọmụma ibu Julia Dobrovol'skaya ike ịmụta fọrọ nke nta niile ha isi European asụsụ.

Amamiihe mmụta anana anuri: ọdịnihu ịnụ ọkụ n'obi Komsomol "castles na ikuku."

Ya amanye banye

M na-agụ ya biography pụrụ ibilite mkpakọrịta ndido urụk Vladimira Vysotskogo: "Snow free nke unyi dị ka a ogologo ndụ na-enweghị ụgha ...".

Ọ hụrụ ndị dị otú ahụ snow na suburban mara ụlọikwuu. Na n'iru ya, e boro ebubo na ndị kere ndebe nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru (art. 58-1 "a") a gaara agụrụ gbara ma ọ bụ afọ 15 na mkpọrọ. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, n'agbanyeghị nsogbu, anwụghị, ihe na adịghị ghọtara amanye site ikpe.

Nwanyị a na-akpọ ndị na-ihe mmanye jikoro na-etinyere ya-ata mmadụ ahụhụ na oké-walled dungeons. Naanị otu ahịrịokwu nkụda mmụọ ya na ya ọnụ: "I nwere ike na-eche na: Lubyanka, Lefortovo, Butyrka ..."

Mgbe okpu mgbalị gbarie, ọ e zigara hovrinsky mara ụlọikwuu. "Memory" nke oge ndị na ndụ ya nọgidere enweghi ike nwere ụmụaka dị ka a N'ihi nke na ịrụ ọrụ mmanye.

Uche nke 28-afọ nwanyị e wepụtara n'okpuru ihe mgbaghara na 1945.

Dobrovol'skaya banyere Stalin ozi ala ọzọ na Spain

Ọ ghọrọ-achọghị mgbe a "na njem" na Spain.

Komsomolskaya Yuliya Dobrovolskaya meghachi omume oku "nwoke yi uwe ndị nkịtị," kpe recruited isonye na enyere Republicans. Ma n'ime afọ atọ ọ ghọtara ihe Stalin zitere 30,000 agha na enkavedeshnyh ọkachamara.

"Internationalists" na a agha na-amị, na-eje ozi dị ka ndị ndụmọdụ, ọ bụghị nanị na agha dị iche iche nke Republicans, kamakwa maka na a ọsọ ọsọ na ịmepụta otu analogue nke NKVD. Cervantes n'ala nna njikere ibu na mba partocracy. Nke obodo Communist "Ndị mmadụ Front" ọbịa ahụ na n'oyiyi nke Bolshevik commissars.

Ndị expropriated onwe onwunwe, si mesoo ha obodo. Catholic Spaniards forcibly gbalịa isi n'ime ekweghị na Chineke, ghasara chọọchị gburu ndị nchụàjà. Ihe mepụtara Stalin ibuotikọ "klas na-alụ."

Ịmara na ikpe ọmụma n'ihu ndị Spaniards

The bi natara eleta ha "comrades" dị ka fascists hụ ọrụ nile ha, na-ebili ma na-akwado ha agha mutinied. Karịsịa, na "Spanish Chapaev" (mbụ zụrụ azụ Frunze Academy, otu Yulii Abramovny Valentin Gonzalez) ruo nkwubi okwu banyere myirịta Fascist Kọmunist.

The na-eri nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na Spanish Republicans e meriri, na "internationalists" chụpụrụ. Julia Dobrovol'skaya lọtara, o kwuru ihe ọ bụla banyere ihe ọ hụrụ na ihe ndị merela.

O nwere enyi n'etiti ndị mmadụ na mbanye, mgbe nkụda mmụọ na Soviet Union. Girl-nsụgharị ahụ a kwesiri ngosi onye (pụtara ìhè site na onyinyo ya na nchụàjà "Ole ndị Bell Tolls" by Ernest Hemingway).

N'ụzọ doro anya, repressed Back na USSR nwa agbọghọ "tupu, na dị nnọọ bụrụ na": si egwu na ọ nwere ike ide banyere Spanish agha na Western media, ma ọ bụ ime ihe yiri ya.

Mgbe afọ 40, a sụgharịrị ga-Barcelona, na ọ ga-rịdata ụgbọelu na a arọ obi, na-eche ihere n'ihi ozi ọ na-eto eto.

nyeere na-adị ndụ

Echeta Julia Abramovna, ya erube isi n'okpuru yoke, ihe kacha mkpa bụ obi ilu, akwụsị ịhụ ezi na ndị mmadụ. Ọ gbasoro na-achị, na-edebe ihe, n'isi, na ekele ndị na-eme ezi omume na oku na-aga nke mkpụrụ obi. Otú ọ dị, n'etiti ha, ọ bụ karịsịa ekele:

• di mbu ya ezigbo Dobrovolskomu Evgeniyu Aleksandrovichu, nomenklatura, zhenivshemusya ka "zechke" na ha chụọ àjà ọrụ;
• engineer hovrinskogo-ikwū factory Mikhailov, ndokwa ya ntụgharị okwu;
• isi awọ, taa onyeisi ndị uwe ojii, na gị onwe gị n'ihe ize ndụ nke ya a paspọtụ kama akwụkwọ nke tọhapụ.

Gwa m bụ ndị enyi gị ...

Nke a ndị Rom oge ochie na-ekwukarị nọọla oge. Ọtụtụ afọ nke ọbụbụenyi agbụ Yuliyu Dobrovolskuyu na ọtụtụ kwesiri ma dị ebube ndị mmadụ:

• mkpọrọ nke Gulag, a ruuru mmadụ mmume, edemede nkatọ Lev crackdown;
• na-ede uri, nsụgharị, odeakụkọ Korney Chukovsky;
• publicist, nsụgharị, na-ede uri, odeakụkọ Iley Erenburgom;
• Kampessino (Valentinom Gonsalesom) Republic ọchịagha ekemende repressed;
• Italian ụmụ dere Gianni Rodari storyteller;
• ese Renato Guttuso;
• MSU Prọfesọ Merab Mamardashvili;
• onye so dee Ninoy Berberovoy, nwunye Vladislava Hodasevicha.

Personal ndụ

Julia Dobrovol'skaya mgbe ntọhapụ nke ndị mba ọzọ na-asụ asụsụ kụziiri na Moscow Institute si 1946 na 1950. Ọ nọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na-ezi na ọrụ nsụgharị.

Eru na ụkpụrụ na-eduzi ọ bụ iru ala n'ihi na propartiynyh manipulators. Ebubo na ọ anya hụrụ. Ozugbo Julia Abramovna sụgharịa isiokwu nke Catholic ọdịnaya. Ozizi na nsụgharị n'ụzọ zuru ezu nwetara "uche nke nnwere onwe na Soviet format."

Ọ nọ na-achụ ya n'ọrụ. The mgbali ike nke na di mbu ya Evgeny Dobrovolsky hapụrụ ya.

Otú ọ dị, Julia Dobrovolskaya jisiri mgbe eziokwu iji gosi na ya bụrụ na inweta ọrụ na MGIMO. E nwere, ya na-elekọta ghọrọ onyeisi nke ngalaba nke Romance asụsụ Gonionskiy S. A., ha lụrụ. Nwunye ya, Semyon Alexandrovich bụ ezigbo agbamume na nkwado. N'ihi ọrịa Dobrovol'skaya di iri na itoolu afọ a di ya nwụrụ.

ọkachamara na-arụ

Ihe mere maka ọpụpụ si USSR prọfesọ ghọrọ ihe ukara ban na nnata nke ya mba award.

Na 1964 ọ rụchaa ọrụ na ya kpara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Julia Dobrovol'skaya "Bara Uru Course nke Italian asụsụ." Site n'ụzọ, ruo ugbu a (maka ọkara otu narị afọ), nke a uru a isi n'ihi na ụmụ akwụkwọ-philologists. N'ihi na nke a na-arụ ọrụ, a ghọtara kpochapụwo, na 1970 ndị Italian Government ọdịda MGIMO nkụzi Yuliyu Abramovnu mba award maka rụzuru na ubi nke omenala.

Otú ọ dị, Soviet ọchịchị ekweghị ka ya na-aga mba ọzọ na-agọzi. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, nsụgharị si gburugburu ụwa, m dị ka a nwa okorobịa tọrọ atọ na mgbidi casemates. Ọ ezi na-atụ anya na na ọdịda nke onye ndú nke ọbara ọchịchị, na na mbata nke nzube ka ha meworo 60 ga nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ kpamkpam, alọta. Prọfesọ ghọtara na ọ bụghị na ulo akwukwo nke ndioru govanmenti, ya ahihia - ya na-adịghị mma ka usoro.

More ka nwere na a Abramovna Julia enweghi ike. Na 1982, ọ na-abanye a na alụmdi na nwunye na-Italian amaala ma doo mba. Nke a nyeere ya aka Milanese enyi Emmy Moresco, bụ onye jụrụ a amara enyi ya Ugo Dzhussani.

"Onye nkụzi nke ndụ"

Ịhapụ ka Italy si USSR, Dobrovol'skaya Julia ka bụ otu ihe ahụ, "ka onye nkụzi": ọ na-mgbe gbara oké osimiri nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na ajụjụ. Ọ na-agwa kụziri na-atụ aro. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ furiously, n'agbanyeghị afọ 65.

Ọ dabara na aha nke Soviet professors ebe a pụtara obere ezie obodo ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ihe juru ha anya ọgụgụ Russian nkụzi ihe ọmụma. Julia Abramovna mmasị na-ekwu na o nwere na ọ dịghị onye nyere. Mgbe afọ asaa gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ a prọfesọ na Italy. Ya doctoral tesis bụ ihe omume maka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke mba.

Dobrovol'skaya mgbe obi a oké nnọchiteanya nke omenala - Russian. Ọ abuana ke n'akwụkwọ nke sụgharịa akwụkwọ site ya anụ ụlọ ochie. Ịtali enwe mmasị n'ebe "Russian onye nkụzi": onye dere Marcello Venturi gwara banyere ya na ya nchụàjà "Gorky Street, 8, Ulo 106". (Ruru otu mgbe, na ọ bụ ya na adreesị ụlọ).

Ọtụtụ mgbe n'ihu ya Italian ụmụ akwụkwọ na-anya mmiri mgbe, n'elu arịrịọ, na-agwa anyị banyere ndụ ya Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Biography ntụgharị okwu na onye nkụzi ya yiri ihe na njem akwụkwọ: "Olee otú unu n'ezie aghaghị ịtachi obi?! Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, na mahadum ọrụ ibe ghọtara na-akwanyere 2016, na ọrụ ya dị ezigbo nkà mmụta sayensị na n'uru nke a otu ?.

Ọ dị nnọọ otú mere na mba abụọ ahụ, omenala abụọ, abụọ mepee na-ekere ke siri akara aka nke nwanyị a.

ọgwụgwụ

Mgbe ida nke USSR, ọ ugboro ugboro na-abịa n'ụlọ njikere inye ajụjụ ọnụ.

Ná ngwụsị nke ya siri ike ndụ epistolary ebe nchekwa compatriots ekpe Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Akwụkwọ akụziri Italian-Russian, na-abịa n'ime ya pụta pen, gbakwunyere site a collection of biographical «Post Scriptum. Kama memoirs. "

Onye Ozizi, nsụgharị si gburugburu ụwa bụ n'ezie na nzuzo mkparịta ụka n'ụzọ gwara agụ banyere ụwa, ebe ọ bụ, banyere echiche na mmetụta ha banyere enyi.
Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ndị maara ya kwetara na echiche na, mgbe ya ọpụpụ ekpe adabaghi echiche nke ekwesighi. All o nwere ike ime, ihe niile gwara, niile e dere.