Karịsịa mfịna Lermontov ọrụ. Famous na-arụ ọrụ M. YU. Lermontova

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov - na-ede uri pụrụ iche. Ọ bụ ike ahụ onye na-abụghị maara na ọrụ nke Lermontov. Depụta ha nnọọ bukwanu, si uri edoghi, "Ọnwụ nke uri" na "Borodino" (amụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ) na a ịrịba omume maka Russian akwụkwọ nke XIX narị afọ - nchụàjà "A dike nke Oge Anyị."

Ọ bụrụ na ikpe na creativity, m ike ikwere na akara aka nke tọhapụrụ ya naanị afọ 27 nke ndụ. Otú ọ dị, ya talent na-elekwasị anya na creativity ekwe ka nwoke a na-ebi ogologo oge, ma na-egbuke egbuke ndụ, ka ha ghọọ a ghọtara kpochapụwo. Famous ọrụ nke Lermontov, dị ka a mirror, na-egosi ndụ ya, ya omimi depụtara nghọta nke ndị ha ebe na ụwa na ya onwe ya a kara aka.

Gịnị ka ị pụrụ ịtụ anya ya n'aka otu nwoke onye na 1830 buru amụma nkwatu nke Eze Ukwu na "nwa afọ"? Ònye maara ihe mere na oge nke ọnwụ ya (na a duel n'ugwu) mberede malite a egwu oké ifufe?

Pushkin na Lermontov ...

Ọ bụ ya na-na 1837, mgbe ọnwụ nke Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, "mbụ na-ede uri nke Russian Parnassus", nyere ihe mgbakwasị na-eche ma na-aghọta ihe niile na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, na ebe a bụ ohere iputa. Ọ bụghị n'ihi na ogologo, Otú ọ dị, o nwere ya na-egbu egbu duel na 1841. Karịsịa mfịna Lermontov na ọrụ hụrụ na ya dịkọrọ ndụ. Ọ bụrụ na Alexander Sergeyevich Vissarion Belinsky akpọ "na-ede uri nke dị n'ime mmetụta nke mkpụrụ obi", onye echiche amuru akpa ke ịsa na mgbe splashed n'ime otu, ndị Mikhail Yurevich - a na-ede uri, a mmadụ dabeere, mgbe mgbe, na-ewere maka a pen n'okpuru nduzi nke ịrịba ihe ndị dị na Russia.

The àgwà dị iche iche nke Pushkin na Lermontov?

Ọ bụrụ na ụwa nke na-eto eto Pushkin e guzobere a pụtara n'otu, na-elekọta mmadụ kwụsie ike n'oge ọchịchị Eze Ukwu Alexander m, nyere ihe mere na-eche banyere eze si omume ọma, na mmadụ ịrịba echiche nke na-ede uri bịara naanị na ha n'oge zitere, ma ọ bụghị ikpe na-ele ihe anya Mikhail Yurevich. Anyị na-enye ohere na-atụle akpan akpan mbipụta n'ihi Lermontov ọrụ. Mgbe ya njirimara azụlitewo n'okpuru autocratic ọbubu-eze nke Nicholas I. Kama na-aghọta ebumnobi ihe onye mere ka Sineti Square Decembrists (nke pụtara na-emerụ emerụ mmetụta Russian ọha serfdom na, ya, na socio-aku backwardness nke mba), eze ukwu na-kere ihe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị gendarme ada usoro. Ọ bụ ihe a na-esogbu kwekọrọ Lermontov dere na Russian ọha mmadụ.

N'ịmata a iche mkpesa megide reactionary atumatu, na ojuju nke ihere ike nke ndị - na-karịsịa mfịna nke Lermontov ọrụ.

The akpa oge nke creativity Lermontov

Creativity Lermontov nwere ike agba atọ.

The akpa oge (si 1828 na 1832) e ji a doro anya n'iṅomi George Gordon Byron. Ọ bụ na nke a oké British Lermontov chere ime mmụọ onwe onye na ịdị n'otu.

Byron mere na kpara nke French mgbanwe, na oge nke oké mgbanwe, na ịrị elu na ida nke Emperor Napoleon State. Russian na-ede uri - n'etiti ihe ike mmeghachi omume mgbe suppression nke nsogbu nke Decembrists: kasị mma umu nna e gburu, a dọọrọ n'agha, a tụrụ mkpọrọ.

The myirịta nke Lermontov na Byron

Ma na-ede uri n'otu mmụọ nnupụisi, na-erughị ala mkpụrụ obi. Ekweta, na-enwe obi ụtọ isiokwu ọrụ nke Lermontov, ọ bụghị onye ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-eto eto romance na mmalite nke oge ndị creativity bụ akara ererimbot. Ọ bụghị site ohere hotara na mbụ na-ede uri iji tụnyere onwe ha na gara arịa na-akpa azụ ka oké osimiri nke (Lermontov - "Lone White ụgbọ mmiri ..." Byron - "ka ahịrị nwaanyị nke England").

Byron si uri (nakwa dị ka ọrụ nke Lermontov), dị ka ndị e ji mara nyere ha Belinsky, bụ a mkpu enyemaka nke warrior, ma na-eti mkpu arịọ na sniskhodyaschim. Otu nwere ike chọpụta omimi nke mmetụta na-ata ahụhụ nke na-ede uri-nwa amaala, na-achịkwaghị achịkwa ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe. N'iṅomi Jehova Byron, na-agụ egwú nke nnwere onwe, nyeere Mikhail Yurevich ịmụta dee n'ụzọ doro anya, ndammana-adọrọ, omiiko. Ka ọ dịgodị, na ya ikwọ deere Byron omimi. Analysis nke Lermontov ọrụ, nke na-egosipụta ntozu okè nke echiche, na-eme ka o kwe omume ka Chọpụta ha dabara n'usoro dịka chọpụtara nke oké Briton. Dị ka Byron, ọ n'ụzọ dị mwute na obi udu ọgbọ ya, mwute a mmeghachi omume nke na-enweghị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu (Lermontov - "Duma", Byron - "Childe Harold njem uka").

Mikhail, n'ezie, na-eru na ya gburugburu na ihe oyiyi, na ndị ọma maara na ọrụ nke ndị ọzọ oké ede abụ uri dị ka Goethe na Pushkin. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe nketa nke oké Briton, ọ bụghị nanị zutere, ma sụgharịta ( "Hebrew Melody", "Ịnwụ Gladiator"). Ọzọkwa, a maara nke ọma ngwaahịa nke oge Lermontov agụnye ọtụtụ eṅomi ( "Vision", "na-eṅomi Byron," "Night").

Ná ngwụsị nke oge a, ndị na-ede uri si ụzọ nṅomi nke English ochie, a ga-agbaso site gụkwuo ya uri ụzọ. On a ịrịba ama ọrụ ya, o dere, n'ụzọ doro anya: "Ọ dịghị, adịghị m Byron, m na - na ndị ọzọ ..."

Ọzọkwa guzobere uche uri

Nke abụọ oge nke ya uri na-akara ya agaa St. Petersburg na-abanye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ agha cadets na ensigns. Na eve nke ọmụmụ ya, o dere, n'elu abụ "ụgbọ mmiri", mgbe ahụ, ihe yiri lull na ọrụ ya. Na ọ na-enye nri na edemede na-akatọ na-arụ ụka na Lermontov ama ọrụ n'oge ọmụmụ ya na-kere. Nwa okorobịa Foto raara Junker binge.

Ewezụga bụ, ikekwe, ndị abụ "m, Nne nke Chineke, ugbu a na-ekpe ekpere." Kama ịbụ agbala, hussar ekele dịrị na nwunye 'etinyere' agha uri. Lermontov dere nnọọ n'echebaraghị ya echiche rhymed n'ogige njakịrị, songs of table-nku na yiri ka agaghịkwa na-eche. Otú ọ dị, n'echiche nke n'afọ iri na ụma na kwekọrọ, freshness na izi ezi nke Rhymes, mmuta na metaphorical style, nke na-ekpughe ihe analysis of Lermontov ọrụ nke oge a, na-eduga ọgwụgwụ - a n'ụzọ zuru ezu kpụrụ na-ede uri n'ihu anyị. Na iji mata ya, anyị kwesịrị a oké njọ ule.

"Ya talent ka mberede gbawara ka a kandụl ..."

Na otu mere a ọdachi na kwara dum ọdịdị nke Mikhail Yurevich. News, atọghata ya si aghara hussar na obi na-adị a amaala, a na-akpọsa nke ezi omume, na-amara gị ọkwa nke ọnwụ nke Pushkin. Lermontov na-arịa ọrịa mgbe ọ na-asian banyere nke a ọnwụ. N'otu oge ya, bụ ndị na-ele ọdachi maka Russia a, iwe na isi, na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị òtù elu otu yie ndị ziri ezi na-egbu ọchụ Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina - Georges d'Anthes.

Background e kere eke nke "Ọnwụ nke a na-ede uri"

Lermontov ama ofụt na wụsara "ilu nke obi," ya bụ. E. Nke chere na akwụkwọ ... Ọ bụ ihe na-ezughị ezu version nke ngwaahịa. Ọ dịghị ma e dere 16 edoghi ... Ma mgbe Nikolai Stolypin (ikwu nne m n'akụkụ), ọ malitere a ọha esemokwu na-ede uri, malitere na-arụrịta ụka na-egosi na Dantes - na kwesịrị nwoke na a ezigbo nnukwu efere nke Lermontov ndidi gwụrụ, o gosipụtawo a ikwu n'elu nbata-uzọ . Ma mgbe ahụ, m gara ọrụ, nọdụrụ ala tebụl ya, na ... wụsara-acha ọkụ ọkụ, ịpịa ihe akara: "Ndien afo, mpako ụmụ ..."

Ịkpọasị na ịhụnanya na-ọrụ nke Lermontov mgbe dara otú ike! Ọ bụ a na-arụ ọrụ ahụ e nyere nwuo Russia ... The àmà nke ude ya na njide, na mgbe ahụ n'ụlọikpe.

The mbụ e zoro aka Caucasus

Power dabeere na a Gendarmerie unit ( "-acha anụnụ anụnụ uniforms"), ka anya iwe Lermontov ọrụ. List of unreliable ụmụ amaala n'ụzọ doro anya nwere aha ya. Ugbu a fọrọ gosipụtara na-enweghị nzuzo atụmatụ aghụghọ nke Gendarmerie ya egbu duel na Martynov.

Otú ọ dị, anyị na efehe na-atụ ha arụmụka ... Ka anyị laghachi 1937, ndị ọchịchị mere ka uri "Ọnwụ nke a na-ede uri." Nicholas m fiercely asị Lermontov na onwe lekọtara ogo ya ntaramahụhụ.

Mikhail e bufere-eje ozi na Caucasus. Ọ bụ nke mbụ njikọ nke na-ede uri, nke Otú ọ dị, ekele mgbalị nke nne nne m na ya mmekọahụ na ìhè a budata mitigated na kere naanị ọnwa ole na ole.

"Novice" na "Mmụọ Ọjọọ"

Ebe a na-amalite na-atọ oge nke okike ya amamihe. The amụta natara site ịtụnanya ọdịdị nke ugwu ekere ke ụdi odide nke na-ede uri. N'ihi na njikọ Lermontov n'etiti nwayọọ Russian nwata ka nwetara a nnukwu na-esonụ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri St. Petersburg, na n'ebe ahụ ka e salons e kenyere ọrụ nke na-elekọta mmadụ ọdụm. The akwakọba ilu echepụtawo uri. Mikhail emepụta a "novice" na "Mmụọ Ọjọọ". New dike nke Lermontov ọrụ, mmụọ nsọ site amụta nke Caucasus na-adọta ndị na-agụ ya charisma, ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe na izu okè nke mmụọ nsọ.

About uri "Mtsyri" ...

Na akụkọ na-arụ ọrụ n'agha Georgians Circassian novice na-eme ka a daring na-achọsi ike gbapụ, na n'ihi na ụbọchị atọ na-agbalị na-esi pụọ-achụ ya. Na na ya nke anọ, ike agwụ, bụ onye na-anwụ anwụ, ma mmanya gbuwere isi nke nnwere onwe, nye azụ - na ebe obibi ndị mọnk.

Belinsky kweere na Mtsyri image agụ amalite na-edebe akpan akpan nsogbu Lermontov ọrụ. Nke a dị ike na coherent edemede image nke a nwa okorobịa ndị efehe "na a egwu hour", "oké ifufe", mgbe ndị niile ọzọ, iwesa egwu, ndị nọ "n'okpuru ebe ịchụàjà", ma n'otu oge ahụ "ala dina n'ala," nri ẹdude izo aka n'ebe igbochi anyị,-esi ísì , repressive na-elekọta mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ikuku nke Russia na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ.

Analysis nke Lermontov ọrụ, dị ka edemede nkatọ Belinsky, na akụkụ na-egosi ha Central oyiyi nke odidi nke na-ede uri.

Clear edoghi nke n'afọ iri na ụma tie iambic tetrameter uri "Mtsyri", nnoo a oke rhyming endings, na-egosipụta ma a akụ na ụba nke foto nke na-abụghị ụwa, na a dum ụyọkọ nke mmetụta nke protagonist: obi nkoropụ, mmetụta, siri mkpebi siri ike, ịhụnanya, nwayọọ mwute. Na uri a karịsịa hụrụ ka a mara motif nke owu na-ama na nkà ọrụ nke Lermontov.

Lermontov si "Mmụọ Ọjọọ"

Nke a isiokwu nke iche okike àgwà okụt ya ezi uche mmepe na oyiyi nke a demon, na eponymous dike nke uri Lermontov. The oke nke etiti image nke ngwaahịa na-egosi nkekọ ya nke pụrụ iche psychological na-elekọta mmadụ uche. Ọ na-eme bụghị nnọọ site na ya agwa ndị na-abụghị nke ụkpụrụ omume nke na-achị achị, ma ọ bụ "eze cognition na nnwere onwe." Ọ Mikhail etiÚnye dialectic emegide ndị ntorobịa nke XIX na narị afọ ala igwe ihere àgwà. Pụta ìhè na nke a, anyị na-adịghị nnọọ ekwu okwu banyere owu na-ama na ọlu Lermontov.

Ọ na-ama na-agbakwunyere na uri na-ede akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma, tozuru okè ghọta na-agọnahụ na asị na ihe niile metụtara na tangible ụwa iji, ọ dị ize ndụ, ọ na-eduga n'ime efu. Ọdachi nke Lermontov si "Mmụọ Ọjọọ" bụ dochie ha ndu ebighi ụkpụrụ nke "ịhụnanya, ịdị mma na ịma mma" ọdịmma onwe ha nanị mepụtara oyiyi. Dị ka ọ bụ n'ebe dị anya n'ebe ndị mmadụ! N'ime ụwa yiri ka ya a ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa karịa "na-egbu mgbu n'ụkọ, ọrụ na mkpagbu nke ụmụ mmadụ na ìgwè mmadụ ahụ." Nke a na-eduga ná obi na nsogbu, na dị ka a pụta - na ọnwụ nke ya ekaufọk - Tamara, soro okwu Mmụọ Ọjọọ "jupụtara ọnwụnwa." na Mmụọ Ọjọọ ya onwe ya, dị ka nke ọma dị ka izute na a girl, bụ ihe e kere eke ọbịa ụta maka na òkè.

Analysis nke Lermontov ọrụ e dere mgbe e mesịrị, invariably egosi mgbasawanye nke nsụhọ, itinye ego na ha, ya mere, na-agba akaebe na mmalite nke àgwà ya.

Ịhụnanya bụ na ọrụ nke Lermontov

The isiokwu nke ịhụnanya na ọrụ nke Lermontov ada elu na shrill-mwute. N'ụzọ dị mwute, àgwà nke Mikhail Yurevich hapụrụ a arọ akara nke ya unrequited ịhụnanya maka Varenka Lopukhina. Ebe ọzọ, na-erughị-ibe-eto eto nwoke ahụ jụrụ, na-search ga-ewerewo a dị iche iche ahuhu, Lermontov bụ nke dị oké mkpa - "niile ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla!". Na mgbe Barbara nọgidere na-eguzosi ike na ọmịiko enyi, ndụmọdụ, ma a na-ede uri, nke N'ezie, m chọrọ ọzọ ...

Ikpe ikpe site uri Lermontov ịhụnanya - ìhè, elu, ma ọ bụ unrequited. Ya mere, bụ nke nkọwa Lermontov ọrụ dị iche iche na-ede akwụkwọ na-akatọ ha dugara ha n'otu nkwubi okwu: ọ bụ - a na-ede uri nke ịhụnanya na iru uju. Ọbụna na nkà ihe ọmụma ọrụ nke Mikhail Yurevich ka ihe atụ, na uri "Duma" na-achọta ihe ha bu n'obi nke ịhụnanya. Na ọbụna ụfọdụ - zuru okè! Listen naanị na abụ olu ụtọ nke amaokwu a, "Ma anyị asị na anyị hụrụ n'anya site ohere ..."

Onye maara na nne nne nke na-ede uri bụ onye maara ya karịa onye ọ bụla, achọpụtawo a pụrụ iche àgwà nke nwa nwa ya ka a mmetụta - zuru okè, na-enweghị semitones. The na-ede uri kwenyere na e nwere "ọzọ ndụ", na nwoke onwe ya mbụ kere maka ndụ na AURA nke obi ụtọ na ọṅụ. Dị ka ya kweere, ezi ịhụnanya nwere ike ịbụ ụwa, ọ ga-Ẹkot ebighi bụla. Heroes nke Lermontov ọrụ, ọbụna ịhụnanya, ito ịhụnanya n'elu ya ego ( "Abụ m bụghị usụhọde gị").

Unique bụ nkọwa nke echiche nke obi ụtọ Mihailom Yurevichem. Ndị dị otú ahụ a definition, ikekwe, nwere ike na-enye ya ... natugharikwa nwere mmasị na-enwe obi ụtọ isiokwu nke Lermontov ọrụ, ga-ahụ na ọ na "dike nke Oge Anyị": "Obi Ụtọ bụ a lekwasị nganga!" Okwu ndị a na-ede uri ghọtara nke a kwuo nke a onye mgbe ọ na-aghọ ọṅụ na mwute maka ọzọ akụ.

Ya ịchọkarị izu okè kere a pụrụ iche Lermontov ụdị ịhụnanya uri - ịrụ ụka ndị isi awọ everydayness zuru okè kere echepụtakarị ụwa nke na-ede uri. Ọ bụ nke a okike echiche nwere ike hụrụ na abụ "Sonnet", "Valerik".

ọgwụgwụ

Akụkụ nke Lermontov ọrụ egosipụta ya epoch-arụ. Ọ na-e-ekwu dị ka a okike, ideological counterweight ka iwu nke ada rụrụ site Emperor Nicholas I.

Lermontov si edoghi nwere na negation nke ẹdude ọchịchị, na-emekwa-egbu mgbu reflections banyere ọdịnihu nke Russia. kpọmkwem ihe oyiyi (odide) na-na ọrụ nke Lermontov, ya mere, nditịm-ekwu okwu, na ihe e kere eke nke a classic Russian atụ amalite.

N'otu oge ahụ na-emetụta ndị omimi nke mmata nke 27-afọ-ede uri nke ụwa, na ebe a na - a dịgasị iche iche nke isiokwu nke Lermontov: reflections na akara aka nke ọgbọ, owu na-ama, na nganga, na-ostentatious ịhụ mba n'anya, mfịna mmekọrịta nke na-ede uri na ọha mmadụ.

Mbụ ya na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ njirimara a na-anọgide a omimi.