"Dike nke Oge Anyị": n'edemede-okwu. Nchụàjà "A dike nke Oge Anyị" Lermontov

Anyị niile na-dere na ya na nwata akwụkwọ edemede "dike nke Oge Anyị" na nchụàjà site Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova, ma ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na-adịghị n'ezie na-eche banyere ebumnobi nke onye edemede na ndabere na-arụ ọrụ. Na-arụ ụka anya, ọ bụghị ụmụ akwụkwọ na-aghọta mgbagwoju psychological ahụmahụ nke ndị okenye. Ya mere, na ndị oge gboo ngwaahịa, na otu aka - a dị mfe, ma na ndị ọzọ - miri, ọ dị mkpa na-aga azụ na ya tozuru okè afọ, na ọzọ-echegharị echiche, chọta a nkịtị ma ọ bụ na-abụghị nke ọzọ, ụwa, eluigwe na ala ...

The ọmụmụ nke genre

The ngwaahịa nke "dike nke Oge Anyị" bụ ndị mbụ prose akwụkwọ, e dere ke ẹbọ nke na-elekọta mmadụ na psychological nsiridi. Moral na nkà ihe ọmụma na-arụ ọrụ dị na mgbakwunye na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke isi agwa dị ka a na-egbuke egbuke na adabako nkọwa nke ndụ na Russia 30 afọ nke XIX narị afọ. Ihe a bụ ụdị nke ibuo ọhụrụ na okwu nke genre si ede akwụkwọ, dị ka n'oge ndị dị otú a genre dị ka "akwụkwọ" adịghị adị. Lermontov mesịrị kweta na o dere nchụàjà "dike nke Oge Anyị," nke dabeere Pushkin si edemede ahụmahụ na omenala nke Western Europe. Mmetụta a na-apụta ìhè na okwu nke ihunanya akwụkwọ.

Mụrụ ide

Na 1832 Lermontov dere abụ, "m chọrọ ibi! M chọrọ ofụhọ ... "Olee otú a nwa okorobịa ka sikwara ike njite na ntozu okè nke echiche, ọhụụ na nkenke n'ebe dị otú ahụ enweghịkwa nchịkwa ọchịchọ oké ifufe? Ikekwe, ọ na-a ndụ-ekwu obi nkoropụ ka dọtara uche nke ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke na-agụ akwụkwọ na-eme ka uri of Lermontov si mkpa taa? Echiche banyere ọchịchọ nke oké ifufe na iputa na uri "ụgbọ mmiri", dere n'otu afọ: "O, bụ onye nnupụisi, ọ na-ajụ oké ifufe dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na oké ifufe ga-enwe udo!" Ya dịkọrọ ndụ, fọrọ nke nta otu afọ, Herzen kwuru banyere ọgbọ ya dị ka ihe "nsí site na nwa ọhụrụ."

Iji ghọta okwu a, ọ ga-eti, na ihe oge nwere ibi ndụ Lermontov, na oge, nke na-apụta ìhè mgbe e mesịrị na nchụàjà "A dike nke Oge Anyị." Otu edemede na akwụkwọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-amalite na ihe analysis nke mbụ poems nke na-ede uri, n'ihi na ha na-anya ndabere na-edu na-ede akwụkwọ na ike a pụrụ iche ngwaahịa.

Youth Lermontov bịara n'oge, nke bụ nnọọ ihe mwute maka Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme. December 14, 1825 na Sineti Square na St. Petersburg bụ nsogbu nke Decembrists, nke biri na mmeri. Ndị na-ahazi nke nsogbu e eyịri, sonyere e zigara orú arọ na ise n'agha na Siberia. Ọgbọ Lermontov N'adịghị ka ndị ọgbọ Pushkina, toro na ihe ikuku nke mmegbu. Ọ ga-gaa na akaụntụ oge a akwụkwọ, na-akwadebe ihe edemede na okwu a.

"Dike nke Oge Anyị"

Lermontov nyere dike "olileanya na-adịghị kachasi mkpa nke ịbụ" nke ya oge. Mgbe agha ndị ndú na-akpọ ọrụ nke suppression nke ndị mmadụ, ndị ikpe na a chọrọ ka ire na-ezighị ezi ikpe na-ede uri - n'ihi na ebube nke eze. M na-eto ikuku nke egwu, enyo, enweghị olileanya. Ya-eto eto, ndị na-ede uri bụ ìhè na okwukwe. Ọ toro a ime mmụọ desert, na niile na-agbalị ịgbanahụ ya.

Na uri "Monologue" bụ akara: "N'agbanyeghị na oké ifufe languishes efu ntorobịa anyị ..." Ọ bụ ike kwere na-ede akwụkwọ nke a uri rụrụ bụ nanị afọ 15! Ma nke a bụ na ọ dịghị nkịtị na-eto eto enweghị nchekwube. Lermontov ka ike ịkọwa, ma nọ na-amalite na-aghọta na a onye na-enweghị ike ime ihe, na nwere ezigbo obi ụtọ. Afọ iri mgbe ahụ "Monologue", o dere, nchụàjà "A dike nke Oge Anyị." The odide banyere isiokwu a ga-ebu na-arụrịta banyere ugbu a oge na ebe nke mmadụ n'ime ya. Ọ bụ na "dike nke Oge Anyị," na-ede akwụkwọ na-akọwa akparamaagwa ọgbọ ya na-egosipụta enweghị olileanya, nke na-aga ibibi ya na ndị ọgbọ.

akụkọ odide

Mgbe ede edemede bụ ihe ezi uche na-ekwu na Lermontov malitere ede nchụàjà na 1838 n'okpuru nduzi nke Kọkeshịan amụta. Na mbụ, ọ bụ ọbụna a akwụkwọ, ma na onye akụkọ, isi agwa jikọtara. Na 1839, magazin bụ "Notes nke nna" kọrọ na M. Lermontov akwadebe na-ebipụta a collection of ya akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a akụkọ dabeere a ụfọdụ edemede omenala: "Bella" e dere na style of njem edemede, "Princess Mary" - na omenala nke a ego akụkọ, "Taman" - na mmụọ nke na in-a me akwụkwọ, "The Fatalist" - ke ido "akụkọ nke a omimi ikpe "nke bụ ewu ewu na 1830s. Mgbe e mesịrị a akụkọ a ga-amụ na-fledged nchụàjà "dike nke Oge Anyị."

The odide-esemokwu nkenke ga gbakwunyere a kọwara nchụàjà "Princess Ligovskoy" (1836). Nke a na-arụ ọrụ chronologically na thematically kpọkwasịwo "dike". E, n'ihi na oge mbụ na pụtara Pechorin-eche ha nche ojii, bụ onye na ịhụnanya na-Princess Vera LIGOVSKY. A iche iche isi "Taman" e dere na 1837, pụtara dị ka a n'ihu nke "The Princess Ligovski". All ndị a na-metụtara onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-enwe a nkịtị socio-nkà ihe ọmụma akara, a otu echiche na genre na ikuziri.

isiokwu mgbanwe

mejupụtara nke nchụàjà "A dike nke Oge Anyị" a gbanwee ọhụrụ version. The odide na-atụ aro ka ịgbakwunye na ọgụgụ oge nke ide: akụkọ "Bel" bụ ndị mbụ isi nke akwụkwọ, ọ sochiri "Maksim Maksimych" na "Princess Mary". Mgbe e mesịrị, mbụ na nke abụọ akụkọ e jikọtara aha "Site mara ndetu» na ghọrọ ndị na-eduga akụkụ nke akwụkwọ, na nke abụọ akụkụ bụ "Princess Mary". Ọ turu ime chee wrenching "nkwupụta" nke protagonist. N'oge August-September 1839 Lermontov kpebiri kpamkpam re-dee niile isi ma e wezụga isi "Bella", nke n'oge ahụ ama e bipụtara. Ọ bụ mgbe a na ogbo nke ọrụ ke ibuot "fatalist" ghọrọ a akwụkwọ.

Ke akpa mbipụta nke akwụkwọ m nwere aha "Otu n'ime ndị dike nke narị afọ." Ọ gụnyere nke anọ akụkụ - anọ iche iche akụkọ, ma n'echiche nke a akwụkwọ site na-ede akwụkwọ ya onwe ya kere naanị ụzọ abụọ. The mbụ - ekwu agha-narrator, nke abụọ - na nrubama agwa. Okwu Mmalite "fatalist" isi nwekwuo nkà ihe ọmụma iyi nke na-arụ ọrụ. Ịkwụsị akwụkwọ na akụkụ, Lermontov anaghị anwa na-ọgụgụ oge nke ihe, ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ na o kwere omume na-ekpughe mkpụrụ obi nke ndị protagonist na mkpụrụ obi nke ndị na-echegbu oge.

Site na njedebe nke 1839 Lermontov emepụta a ikpeazụ version nke akwụkwọ, na-agụnye "Taman" isi na-agbanwe agbanwe mejupụtara nke ngwaahịa. The akwụkwọ na-amalite isi "Bela", mgbe ahụ, bịara "Maksim Maksimych." Notes protagonist, Pechorin, ugbu a na-amalite isi "Taman" na biri "a fatalist." e nwekwara a maara nke ọma "Pechorin magazine" N'otu mbipụta. N'ihi ya, akwụkwọ mejupụtara isi ise, na e nwere a aha ọhụrụ: nchụàjà "A dike nke Oge Anyị."

Gịnị bụ nkịtị n'etiti Onegin na Pechorin

Aha ikpeazụ nke protagonist nke nchụàjà jikọrọ ya na Pushkin si Evgeniem Oneginym. Pechorin aha nna na-abịa site aha nke oké Russian Pechora River, odude nso Onega (ya mere, dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, na aha nna Onegin). Na mmekọrịta a abụghị ihe ndabakọ.

Ịgbaso A. Pushkin Lermontov ezo ka onyinyo nke ya dịkọrọ ndụ na nyochara ya aka na okwu nke oge ha. Lermontov ọbụna miri n'ime omimi nke mkpụrụ obi nke ndị dike, na-amụba akparamaagwa nke ọrụ na ide ya miri nkà ihe ọmụma echiche na ụkpụrụ omume nke ọha mmadụ.

genre affiliation

"Dike nke Oge Anyị" - n'edemede-esemokwu, mbụ omume na psychological prose akwụkwọ na Russian akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ụdị nke ezi uche akwụkwọ, nke na-elekwasị anya n'idozi dere omume nsogbu nke na-achọ na-omimi psychological analysis.

Na akwụkwọ, na-ede akwụkwọ Mkpughe kwuru na dịkọrọ ndụ maka ya oge, nke omume na usoro ziri ezi okwu: ọma na ihe ọjọọ, ịhụnanya na ọbụbụenyi, ọnwụ na okpukpe, nhọpụta nke onye na nnwere onwe nke uche. Psychology ọrụ bụ na Lermontov-elekwasị anya na àgwà nke dike, ya ime mmụọ ahụmahụ. Agụ na-adade "gba ọtọ" mkpụrụ obi Pechorin. Nchụàjà "dike nke Oge Anyị" - a akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mkpụrụ obi ya.

Njirimara ngwaahịa

Author ọtụtụ ugboro gbanwere mejupụtara kpamkpam emeghe isi nsogbu - ime mmụọ ọchịchọ nke dike. Nke ahụ bụ dum Lermontov. "Dike nke Oge Anyị," bụ isiokwu nke nke na-hụrụ na nkọwa nke ndụ ọnọdụ na twists na akara aka nke isi agwa, kpamkpam nke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla oge. Ajụjụ na-ebilite: mere na-ede akwụkwọ na-adịghị na-eso n'usoro ha si mee na ndokwa nke isi? N'usoro inconsistency bụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ihe.

• Firstly, na akwụkwọ e nwere ihe nke dị iche iche Genres: ndetu, edetu, ego akụkọ, edemede na dị ka.
• Nke abuo, na-ede akwụkwọ agbalịwo mmasị na-agụ, na-ebu "njem" ke akparamaagwa nke dike, ka emikpu na-agụ n'ime ogbu mmiri nke dị n'ime ụwa nke agwa.

N'ihi na mgbagwoju na "ekwekọghị" Ọdịdị-arụ ọrụ a akwụkwọ multiple narrators dị n'isiokwu - a. Ihe atụ, na isiokwu bụ "Bella" banyere n'ezie ihe omume, onye na-agụ ga-amụta site na akụkọ Maksima Maksimovicha (Maksimych), na "Maxim Maksimych" akụkọ bụ onye nēje ozi, isi nke "Taman", "Princess Mary," "fatalist" adade ke magazin ụdị na-edetu nke protagonist . Nke ahụ bụ, narrator bụ ya onwe ya Pechorin. Bụla magazin na-edetu na-ekwe ka na-ede akwụkwọ bụghị nanị eneme mkpụrụ obi nke ndị dike, ma na-a miri emi introspection nke onye ahụ.

Pechorin na Bella: enweghị mmasị na ịhụnanya

Site na ọdịdị nke ihe Pechorin bụ onye njem. Olee ihe ọzọ na-akọwa ọnọdụ mgbe Azamat, nwa otu nke obodo isi, Milton nwanne Bela na Pechorin me, na omume Azamat Petchorin steals a ịnyịnya si Kazbich? The dike adịghị ike gwụrụ nye gị nwaanyị oké ọnụ onyinye karịa mesịrị nweta ya amara. Ọ dọtara ya nganga ya na nnupụisi.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ike nke uche ziri ezi, ma ọ bụ nloghachi nke unrequited ịhụnanya, na Lermontov si sympathies na-na Bela - ọ n'ezie n'anya Petchorin n'ezie. Ma isi agwa yiri ebugharị, ya onwe ya na-enweghị ike ikpebi ma nwa agbọghọ na-enwe ezigbo obi, ma ọ bụ bụ ahuhu-eweso ya mkpụrụ obi na ahụ. Nke ahụ bụ ọdachi nke dike - o nweghị ike nke ukwuu ọmịiko. Na n'anya ụyọkọ Pechorin Bela-tọrọ edemede isiokwu. "Dike nke Oge Anyị" nwere otutu oge na-ekpughe na protagonist nwere ikike ike mmetụta. Ọ pechorin maara ihe na-eme ka obi ụtọ, obi nke ndị ọzọ, ma ka na-adịghị aghọta ihe bụ okwu. N'ihi ya nile ahụmahụ na-ebelata ka ahuokika, n'ụzọ ime mmụọ efu na ndakpọ olileanya.

Otú ọ dị, na-ekwu okwu banyere zuru callousness adịghị mkpa. Mgbe Bila nwụrụ a jọgburu onwe ọnwụ, ọ bụ ọmịiko n'ebe ya, ọ bụghị nanị na Maxim Maksimych na-agụ akwụkwọ. Ọ ghọrọ "ọtọ ka a mpempe akwụkwọ," Ke akpatre nkeji nke ndụ Bely Pechorin. Na mgbe ahụ, "ama ogologo ọrịa, furu efu, ogbenye ihe ..." O chere na mmehie ya n'ihu ya, ma na-agbalị izo mmetụta ha n'obi. Ma eleghị anya, nke ahụ bụ ihe mere o ji daa "iju ochi," otú egwu Maxim Maksimych. Dịcha, ọ bụ a ụdị n'ahụ. Otú ahụ nwere ike na-eme naanị ezi "dike nke oge anyị." The odide nke àgwà ya agw na-ede akwụkwọ bụ nso - ya bi nso ndị mmadụ nade kwa ụbọchị. Agụ na-ahụ ihe site n'anya nke narrator Pechorin Maxim Maksimych, ma na-adịghị aghọta ihe mere ndị a omume.

Maxima Maksimych mmekọrịta Petchorin

"Ọ bụ otú ahụ a obere obere, edo ya a ọhụrụ ahụ bịaranụ, m chepụtara na ọ bụ na Caucasus, anyị nwere na-adịbeghị anya" - na hụrụ Pechorina Maksim Maksimych. Site na nkọwa a na-eche na narrator ka Pechorin. Nke a na-ìhè site okwu si pụtara obere nnụnụ mee mmetụta ịhụnanya suffix ji site narrator, na okwu ndị bụ "mma Ihọd bụ ...".

Na nchụàjà "dike nke Oge Anyị," ihe edemede banyere Pechorin ndụ nwere ike ịbụ na e dere otu multi-page akwụkwọ - ya mere controversial, yi na ukwuu oyiyi e tọgbọrọ ya na-ede akwụkwọ. Petchorin dị iche n'ihe ndị ọzọ na ha omume: omume mgbanwe okpomọkụ, na mberede pallor, na-atụghị anya ogologo nkịtị ekwurekwu. N'ihi na nke a "ihe ọhụrụ" maka na agadi-Ngụọge ịrịba ama Maxim Maksimych Petchorin atụle iju.

Maksimych ịghọta mmetụta, chụpụrụ site a-eto eto Pechorin, Otú ọ dị, o weere na ọ dị mkpa iji laghachi na girl nna-ya, n'agbanyeghị na ọ ike mmasị Bela, n'ihe banyere ya na nganga na njide onwe onye. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ekesịpde site na okwu bụ: "E nwere ndị na ị ga-hoo haa na-ekweta." Maksim Maksimych nwere n'uche Pechorin, bụ ndị nwere ike àgwà na ike nọrọ n'okpuru uche niile.

flavor nke okike

Lermontov na Russian prose - otu n'ime ndị mbụ so dee n'ihi na onye okike abụghị iferi mma, ma a na-fledged dike nke akụkọ. Ọ maara na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-captivated site mma nke Caucasus, ya n'ogo na ịdị ebube. Roman Lermontova "dike nke Oge Anyị" bụ naanị riddled na osise nke ọdịdị - Wild, ma mara mma. Dị ka e kwuru site na ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ, na Lermontov-eji nwere ndị ọzọ so dee echiche nke "humanization nke ọdịdị" mbụ kwukwara "ụmụ mmadụ oprirozhivanie". Special nka usoro na nkọwa nke okike ga-egosi anụ iwu n'okpuru nke ndị mmadụ bi n'ugwu. Otu ziri ezi na nkọwa nke na agba na ihie nke Caucasus dị iche foto, onwe dere M. YU. Lermontovym.

Nchoputa

N'ihi ya, bụ ndị "dike nke Oge Anyị" - bụ na aha nke mbụ akwụkwọ niile ya kachasi mkpa idu. Pechorin - ọgbọ ịnọchite. Anyị nwere ike ikwu na ndị Izrel niile ọsọ ime mmụọ na ahụmahụ, ahụhụ si na mgbagwoju anya, na mmụọ ha obi tara mmiri. The protagonist na-gụnyere ọ bụghị naanị ụmụ amaala, dị ka oge - a mgbagwoju, mgbe ụfọdụ, obi ọjọọ ndị mmadụ, ma n'otu oge siri ike na ike-abụkwa ọchịchọ ya. Nke a bụ ihe ị ga-eburu n'uche mgbe na-akwadebe ihe odide ahụ "dike nke Oge Anyị." Lermontov brilliantly ekekpepde ikuku nke ọha mmadụ na ihe mere eme nke dike.