Kepler Iogann: biography, ọrụ, nchoputa

Ọdịdị nke heliocentric usoro Nikolaya Kopernika - kasị mkpa akụrụngwa nke usoro na natara aha nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà mmụta sayensị na mgbanwe XVI-na Asaa ọtụtụ narị afọ. Na okwu mmalite ya akwụkwọ, ebe ọ ẹkenịm a Ozizi, oké Polish nwayọọ kwuru na absurdity nke ya, tụlee àjà ọrụ gị nnọọ na-agbalị ịchọta ụzọ iji mee ka mgbakọ na mwepụ mgbawa na mbara igwe. N'uru nke n'ịtụgharị na Copernican nlereanya nke eluigwe na ala na eziokwu bụ nke oké German ọkà mmụta sayensị site aha Kepler. Johann ndị ọzọ oké dịkọrọ ndụ mere ihe ọzọ: ọ mara ọkwa mbata nke ụwa a ọhụrụ ụdị nke mmadụ - ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-amara na uwa nke nọ n'ọrụ.

Comet - eweta oké aka

Future enyocha mbara igwe, mgbakọ na mwepụ, engineer, dibịa anya mụrụ December 27, 1571 n'ezinụlọ dara ogbenye n'obodo Vail, na duchy nke Württemberg, na Swabian akụkụ nke Germany. Mgbe ọ bụ 5 afọ, ọ gara agha na Holland, onyeisi ezinụlọ - a agha-ogbu Heinrich Kepler. Johann mgbe hụrụ ya. Nne-ya, Caterina, bụ nwa nwanyị nke elekọta ụlọ ndị njem, e aku herbal na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ịgba afa, n'ihi na nke o mesịrị ihe fọrọ nke nta efu isi ya. Na obere ego, ọ mere ihe niile nwa natara a ezi muta.

Ihe na-akpali eziokwu nwere ike kpebisie dum akara aka, e dere ihe biography Ioganna Keplera ya mmalite. Katharina Kepler gosiri a afọ isii Johann komeeti, afọ atọ mgbe e mesịrị - na 1580 - ihe eklips nke ọnwa. The kpakpando na-akpụ akpụ gafee na mbara igwe n'abalị na ọnwa mgbanwe udi n'anya, na ịmata ihe nwata mere a siri ike echiche. Ma eleghị anya, mgbe a mụrụ ọchịchọ ya na-esi na-akpata ihe na-eme?

Scientist-ọkà mmụta okpukpe, a supporter nke Copernicus

Na nwata, Johann kpaliri kịtịkpa, imeda n'anya-ya. Ya mere, ọ na-eto ike n'anụ ahụ na-arịa ọrịa. N'ihi nke a, o were oge karị ka ha na ndị ọgbọ na-abụọ muta. Na nke a, tinye Kepler University of Tübingen so mee ka ndị obodo ọchịchị si elekarị, nwere Iogann Kepler. Brief biography nke ọkà mmụta sayensị na 1591 maka 1594 bụ ufiop absorption nke ihe ọmụma na otu nke kasị mma European mahadum.

Kepler dum ndụ bụ a nnọọ okpukpe nwoke na ezigbo onye Protestant. N'ihi ya, ọ nọ na-akwadebe na-a nchụàjà na banyere nkà mmụta okpukpe ngalaba. Otú ọ dị, tupu nke ahụ, ọ gara a N'ezie nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà mmụta mbara igwe, na-aghọ a nna ukwu nke nkà - Ọ bụ ya mere a na-akpọ dị ka kpọmkwem sayensị n'oge. N'etiti ndị nkụzi ya bụ a supporter nke heliocentric usoro nke Michael Maestlin. N'okpuru nduzi nke ya na nkuzi na-ekwusa ike nke ozizi na-aghọ na Kepler. Johann gbalịrị creatively akọwa echiche nke Copernicus, ma ọ bụghị mgbe nile ime ihe ziri nkwubi okwu.

Kepler si Cup

Atụmatụ ịghọ a nchụàjà Johann kwụsịrị ịkpọ ya na post of lecturer na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Graz (1594). Ọ bụ ezie na ya nkwenye nkwa na ụzọ nke na-ejere Chineke zuru ezu, biography Ioganna Keplera si biography na-aghọ a research ọkà mmụta sayensị guzo n'elu ikpo okwu nke ezi ihe, nke ahụ ekweghị na Ptolemaic (GEO) nlereanya nke ụwa.

Na Harz na ọ na-achọ ndị mgbakọ na mwepụ kwekọrọ na ngwaọrụ nke usoro mbara igwe na bipụtara akwụkwọ bụ "The Secret nke Eluigwe na Ala" (1596). Visual okwu nke echiche kwusara ọkà mmụta sayensị na akwụkwọ a bụ "cup of Kepler." Ọ bụ a olu nlereanya nke usoro mbara igwe, na nke ìhè dị na center nke Copernicus, ma orbits nke mbara ala orbiting Kepler enye Njirimara nke-akụzi si gbasaa ozu - cubes, bọọlụ na mgbe polyhedra. Sịkwa mgbakọ na mwepụ e weere n'oge ahụ art - nlereanya a bụ mara mma nke ukwuu, ma nnọọ adabaghị.

Oge na-eme ka oku

Akwụkwọ Ya Kepler-eziga kacha elu European ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, gụnyere Galileo na Dane Tiho Brage, bụ ndị jere ozi dị ka ikpe-enyocha mbara igwe na Prague. Ịgọnahụ chọrọ Kepler orbital kwekọrọ nke iche, ma ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ekele ọrụ nke-eto eto mgbakọ na mwepụ, enyocha mbara igwe. Otú ọ dị, na ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Galileo mma heliocentric obibia na Braga mmasị nkwuwa-okwu na n'echiche nke echiche ya. Dane kpọrọ Kepler na Prague.

Johann ọpụpụ na Prague mee ka ọtụtụ ihe. Otu n'ime ha - a siri ike ihe na omume ọnọdụ nke Kepler (ọ lụrụ, ma-eto eto na nwunye dara ọrịa na Akwụkwụ na-adọ na-adịghị anya nwụrụ) na mmalite nke mkpagbu nke ndị Protestant site Catholic Church, nke e kwuru ihe si n'ezi ofufe dapụ na Iogann Kepler. Brief biography nke ọkà mmụta sayensị na nke ikpeazụ oge nke ọnụnọ ya na nke Harz jupụtara egwu na nsogbu na ya dị ka a supporter nke ndị jụrụ okwukwe chepụtara.

Na 1600, Kepler-abịa Prague, ebe ọ na-amalite na kasị na-amị mkpụrụ nke ndụ ya.

Kepler na Prague. nketa

Obere oge mgbe mmalite nke nkwonkwo ọrụ Brahe nwụrụ na mberede, na-ahapụ Kepler-edebe ihe ochie nke ha na mbara igwe kwuru , na ebe nke ikpe-enyocha mbara igwe na astrologer. Afọ iri ekenịmde Kepler na Prague, bụ ihe ndabere nke ihe niile ya bụ isi ọganihu sayensị mere na mbara igwe, physics, mgbakọ na mwepụ.

Na mbara igwe, Kepler me ikpeazụ ka nke nrubeisi nke na-efegharị nke mbara ala na mbara igwe. Ịghọta ihe a chọpụtara bụ nke Johannes Kepler, na ya dịkọrọ ndụ nwere ike si general Ledger nke ọkà mmụta sayensị - "New Astronomy" (1609). Na ya, na na ikpeazụ na-arụ ọrụ "The Harmony nke Ụwa" (1618) na-atọ iwu nke eluigwe kinematics e chepụtara. O kwuru mbụ mbara orbits banyere ọdịdị nke ihe ellipse na anyanwụ na otu nke foci, nke abụọ na nke atọ planet kọwara orbital ike ọsọ na ụzọ nke ya n'ihe. Ke adianade do, Kepler kọwara -agbawa, gbarie bụ eziokwu na mbara igwe tebụl na-eje ozi dị ka nghazi maka kpakpando akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-enyocha mbara igwe.

Mathematics bụ isi ngwá ọrụ na-eji na-arụ ọrụ Kepler. Johann n'akwụkwọ "New jiometrị nke wine orù" (1615) na-egosi otú chọta olu nke solids nke mgbanwe, ịtọ ntọala nke mgbakọ na mwepụ analysis na integral Calculus. N'etiti mgbakọ na mwepụ nchoputa nke Kepler - a table nke logarithms, ọhụrụ echiche - "som pụtara" na "mgbe na-enweghị nsọtụ."

Kepler ẹkenam n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị-eji echiche nke "inertia", na-ezo aka ịdị na ọdịdị nke ọchịchọ metụtara otu ozu, ọ bịara nso emeghe iwu ike ndọda. The mbụ ịkọwa ihe kpatara nke tides mmetụta nke Ọnwa, ka a kọwara nke na-akpatara ndị myopia, o mepụtara a dị elu ndị ọzọ teliskop.

Adịbeghị anya. ebe nchekwa

Na 1615, Kepler manyere ibu a ọkàiwu nne-ya, na-ebo ebubo nke amoosu. Ọ na-egwu na-ọkụ n'elu osisi, ma Johann jisiri nweta ya ntọhapụ.

Adịbeghị anya, Kepler manyere na-emefu na-achọ a pụrụ ịdabere na isi iyi na-akwado ndị ezinụlọ ha, na n'oge njem eze ukwu ahụ, nke ji ya ụgwọ, na Rigensburg na 1630, ọ nwụrụ.

Kepler aha taa - n'etiti ndị kasị ukwuu uche, onye echiche na-ndabere na nke ugbu a na nkà mmụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ rụzuru. Ya aha e nyere ihe asteroid ndagwurugwu ahụ na Ọnwa, ohere ụgbọala na orbiting ohere Observatory, nke meghere a mbara ụwa ọhụrụ yiri Earth maka ọnọdụ na-aha ya bụ mgbe Kepler si.