Kol ụlọ ọrụ - nsogbu na atụmanya

Otu nnọọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba ụwa bụ ya mmanụ ụgbọala na ume mgbagwoju. The ike nke ume ngwaahịa ke uwa GDP bụ dịkarịa ala 10%. Ọnụego ya na oriri na-amụba kwa afọ, hà uto nke ụwa oké ngwaahịa. A isi iyi nke ike na oge anyị na-gas, mmanụ, coal, mmanụ shale na uranium. Mmanụ na gas ma na-egwu a isi ọrụ, ma ha mee na-nwayọọ nwayọọ belata, na ebe n'etiti narị afọ a ga-okụre. N'otu oge ahụ, coal mee ga-adịru ọzọ 200 afọ, ọbụna na kasị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mmepụta.

Ya mere, ụwa na coal ụlọ ọrụ na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ na-ewu ewu. Ugbu a banyere 44% nke eletrik na-emepụta site thermal ike osisi iji coal. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị oké mkpa na nkà mmụta banyere ígwè na n'oké nke ferrous ọla. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị coal ego na-lekwasị ke Asia-Pacific mba, North America na CIS mba. Ka ihe atụ, China nwere iteghete nke coal mee, na Russia - isii. Na Kazakhstan, ọ lekwasị 3.6% nke ngụkọta ụwa mee.

Eduga coal exporters bụ mba ndị dị ka USA, Australia, South Africa, Venezuela na Colombia. Ọzọkwa, a na-agụnye Canada, Indonesia, Poland, China na Russia. The coal ụlọ ọrụ na mba ndị a na-enye zuru ụwa ọnụ ina coal site 90%. Na isi Importers nke ngwaahịa a bụ ụfọdụ Asian mba, dị ka Japan, Taiwan na South Korea, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ná mba ndị nke Western Europe.

Russian coal ụlọ ọrụ - bụ 193,3 ijeri tọn pụtara coal mee. N'ime nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ, ego nke Anthracite, lignite, coal na coking coal. Ugbu a, coal na-mined na 16 coal efere, nke na-ekpuchi 85 ọchịchị entities nke Russian Federation. Na nke a, 58 municipalities bụ dum coal na-egwupụta n'ókèala na kpụrụ gburugburu coal ụlọ ọrụ.

Ma coal ụlọ ọrụ nke Russian Federation - bụ 85 mines na afọ na-enye n'elu banyere 383 nde tọn coal. Ka ihe atụ, 336 nde tọn coal e mepụtara na 2011 na ndị a na-egwute, nke bụ ndị kasị elu kemgbe ida nke USSR. The kasị coal na-egwupụta efere bụ ugbu a na Kuznetsk efere. Ma, iche si Kuzbass, e nwere ọtụtụ ekwe ego na Russia. Ọ egbupu na Far East, Eastern Siberia na Kansk-Achinsk efere. Mmepe nke ndị a ubi ga-eme ka mmepụta nke Russian coal.

Ma n'otu oge ahụ, coal ụlọ ọrụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ nsogbu. Isi nsogbu na-agụnye ya unan n'ebe ọrụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na mba ụfọdụ na-eji obere ego na-akwado ọrụ a. N'ihi ya, e nwere ụkọ ego maka nchedo nke oru, na nke a na-eduga ná mmerụ na ọnwụ nke miners. "Onye Ndú" na a na-ekwu bụ mba ndị dị ka Russia na China. Na mines nke mba ndị a na-anwụ kwa afọ narị otu narị na ọbụna ọtụtụ puku mmadụ.

Ọbụna n'oge coal Ngwuputa na nhazi ga-eme ka oké njọ mmebi okike. Ọ jikọtara isi na mgbe nile emission nke methane dị mines, ụwa ikuku. Ọzọkwa nhazi nke coal bụghị environmentally friendly usoro. Ka ihe atụ, na nkwadebe coal Coke bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ka a na-okpomọkụ. N'ihi ya, ọ na-ewepụtarịrị carbon dioxide na ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ogige, na nnukwu quantities. All ndị a pollutants eme ka griin haus mmetụta.

Ma, n'agbanyeghị na àgwà nke coal ụlọ ọrụ na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ nsogbu, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ n'ụwa taa bụ ka otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa. Kol ugbu a, otu n'ime ndị isi ike isi mmalite, dị ka ya mee ga-ezu maka ọtụtụ afọ. Ke adianade do, price maka ya anụ ma na ọtụtụ ala karịa ndị ahịa nke ya kpọmkwem nọ n'ọnọdụ. Ka ihe atụ, na ojiji nke mmanụ na thermal ike osisi na-eri 1.5 oké ọnụ karịa na ojiji nke coal. Ma ọ bụrụ na n'ọdịnihu dị nso ga-mụtara ọhụrụ isi mmalite nke ike, site na 2030 coal ga-abụ isi iyi nke ike.