Large na obere okirikiri nke ọbara: atụmatụ

Na mammals na ụmụ mmadụ ọbara usoro bụ ihe kasị dị mgbagwoju. Ọ bụ a mechiri emechi usoro esịnede abụọ mgbasa. Inye-ekpo ọkụ-blooded, ọ bụ ihe energetically mma na-enye ohere a onye ogide na niche ebe obibi nke ọ bụ ugbu a.

The ọbara usoro - a ìgwè nke oghere muscular ngwa maka nrugharị ọbara arịa nke ahu. Ọ na-anọchi anya obi na ọbara arịa dị iche iche caliber. Nke a bụ a muscular ngwa ahụ Nleta a gburugburu ọbara ekesa. Atụmatụ ha chọrọ niile Akwụkwọ na Mmebe na kọwara n'isiokwu a.

Echiche nke mgbasa okirikiri

The ọbara usoro mejupụtara abụọ okirikiri - siri ike (nnukwu) na akpa ume (obere). Gburugburu ọbara usoro ọbara arịa na-akpọ, capillary, lymphatic na venous-ụdị, nke na-eburu ọbara eruba si n'obi n'ime arịa na ya ije na-abụghị uzo. The Central ahu ka ọbara bụ obi, n'ihi na ọ dịghị Ịgwakọta nke ọbara na venous ọbara, abụọ obe.

systemic mgbasa

The systemic mgbasa bụ a usoro nke na-enye elu na nsụkọrọ ọbara ọbara na ya laghachi obi. Ọ na-amalite site n'aka ekpe ventricle ebe ọbara na-aga n'ime aorta site aortic orifice na tricuspid valvụ. Of aortic ọbara na-eduzi na ndị nta akwara ndị gara na kopora abịa capillaries. Nke a set nke ozu akpụ dapụtara njikọ.

Ebe a na-anụ ahụ na-ọnọ na oxygen, na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na-weghaara carbon dioxide. Ọzọkwa na anụ ahụ na ọbara transports amino asịd, lipoproteins, glucose, metabolic ngwaahịa na-rụrụ nke capillaries na venules na n'ihu na ibu veins. Ha adaba n'olulu veins na laghachi ọbara ozugbo na obi na nri atrium.

Right atrium agwụ mgbasa. The atụmatụ bụ dị ka ndị (na ntụziaka nke ọbara): ekpe ventricle, aorta, ndị na-agbanwe akwara, na-agbanwe, muscular akwara muscular akwara, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins na vena cava, ọbara-alọghachi obi nri atrium. Si systemic mgbasa na-eri nri ụbụrụ, dum ikpa, ọkpụkpụ. Ke ofụri ofụri, ihe nile ụmụ mmadụ na nsụkọrọ nri site ọbara arịa nke systemic mgbasa, na bụ naanị a obere ntụpọ nke ọbara oxygenation.

akpa ume mgbasa

Akpa ume (obere) mgbasa, onye atụmatụ a-egosi n'okpuru, na-amalite site nri ventricle. Ọ na-akawanye ọbara si nri atrium site atrioventricular orifice. Si nri ventricle anoxic (venous) ọbara site tinyekwa (akpa ume) tract abatakwa akpa ume ogwe. Nke a akwara bụ thinner aorta. Ọ na-kewara abụọ alaka, nke na-zigara ma akpa ume.

Light - bụ Central ahu nke na-Nleta a obere gburugburu ọbara ekesa. nwoke atụmatụ akọwara na Akwụkwọ na Mmebe, na-akọwa na akpa ume ọbara dị mkpa n'ihi na ọbara oxygenation. Ebe a ọ na-enye na-amịkọrọ carbon dioxide na oxygen. The sinusoidal capillaries nke ngụgụ na gbara gharịị aru nke banyere 30 microns n'obosara, bụ gas mgbanwe.

Ekemende, ọbara, oxygenated, e zigara ka usoro intrapulmonary veins na-anakọtara na anọ akpa ume veins. All nke ha na-mmasị ka ekpe atrium na-ebu oxygen-ọgaranya ọbara. Mgbe a na njedebe, na mgbasa. Scheme akpa ume obere gburugburu anya (na ntụziaka nke ọbara): nri ventricle, akpa ume akwara, intrapulmonary akwara, akpa ume arterioles, akpa ume sinusoid, venules, akpa ume akwara, ekpe atrium.

Atụmatụ nke ọbara usoro

A isi ihe dị ọbara usoro na mejupụtara abụọ discs, bụ mkpa maka a obi abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa ese foto. The azụ mgbasa naanị, n'ihi na ha enweghị ìhè, na dum gas mgbanwe pụtara na ihe nile nke gills. N'ihi ya, azụ-obi otu ulo - a mgbapụta agabiga ọbara na one direction naanị.

Amphibians ma ihe nākpu akpu nwere a akụkụ okuku ume na usoro na, Ya mere, ndị systemic mgbasa. Scheme nke ha ọrụ dị mfe: site ventricular ọbara arịa eduzi ndị oké gburugburu nke akwara - na capillaries na veins. Venous laghachi obi na-emejuputa atumatu, ma nri atrial ọbara abatakwa ngụkọta abụọ laps ventricle mgbasa. N'ihi na obi nke ndị a na ụmụ anụmanụ, atọ-ogige, ọbara nke abụọ okirikiri (venous na ọbara) bụ mbuaha.

Na ụmụ mmadụ (na mammals) bụ obi nke 4-ulo Ọdịdị. Abụọ atrial na abụọ ventricular kewara Ọ partitions. Enweghị agwakọta abụọ iche iche nke ọbara (ọbara na venous) bụ ibu evolutionary mepụtara, nke a na-nyere na-ekpo ọkụ-blooded mammals.

The inweta ọbara na obi na akpa ume

Na ọbara usoro, nke mejupụtara abụọ okirikiri, nke otu dị mkpa bụ ike nke obi na akpa ume. Nke a bụ ihe kasị mkpa akụkụ na-enye iche n'ọbara na ike n'ezi ihe nke akụkụ okuku ume na nrugharị ọbara usoro. N'ihi ya, akpa ume abụọ thicker mgbasa. Ma ákwà na-nri n'ihi na nnukwu iche nke arịa, si aorta na akwara alaka ụlọ ọrụ si hilar bronchial na akpa ume arịa na-ebu ọbara na akpa ume parenchyma. Na site na nri ngalaba nwere ike ghara iri nri ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ nke oxygen diffuses n'ebe ahụ. N'ihi ya, nnukwu na obere okirikiri mgbasa circuit nke a kọwara n'elu, dị iche iche ọrụ (onye magburu ọbara na oxygen, na-eziga ya nke abụọ ozu, na-ewere deoxygenated ọbara ha).

Obi na vaskụla kwadoro site na a nnukwu gburugburu, ma dị na ya cavities bụ ike nke na-enye ọbara oxygen endocardium. Na nke a akụkụ nke myocardial veins, ọkacha mma obere, ọ na-abanye kpọmkwem n'ime obi-ulo. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na usu-efegharị efegharị na akwara akwara ekesa na gbasara obi diastole. N'ihi na ngwa ọnọ na ọbara naanị mgbe "na-ezu ike".

ọ bụ na-akpali

Okirikiri mmadụ mgbasa circuit nke na-anọchi anya na iche na ngalaba n'elu, nye ma mammals, na elu na ntachi obi. Ka onye na-adịghị na-anụ, nke na-eji ike ya na-adị ndụ, ma ndị fọdụrụ nke mammals na-ekwe ka ogide ụfọdụ ebe. Na mbụ, ha dịghịzi adị amphibians ma ihe nākpu akpu, na ọbụna karịa azụ.

Na phylogeny nke a nnukwu gburugburu ya pụtara na mbụ na bụ ihe e ji mara nke azụ. A obere gburugburu gbakwunyere ya naanị anụmanụ ndị nke na-nsuresi ma ọ bụ kpam kpam mere landfall na ya biri. Ebe ọ bụ na ya inception, akụkụ okuku ume usoro na ọbara na-atụle ọnụ. Ha na-ejikọrọ functionally na structurally.

Nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ama kwụọ evolutionary ntọhapụ usoro nke aquatic ebe ala na mmezi. N'ihi na aka iso mgbagwoju anya nke mammalian ahụ ugbu a na-aga n'ụzọ nke sikwuoro nke akụkụ okuku ume na usoro ọbara ji erugharị, na ntụziaka nke uru nke oxygen- iga ọrụ nke ọbara na-abawanye na akpa ume na mpaghara.