Mmụta:, Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ụlọ akwụkwọ
Mba France: nkọwa. Akụkọ banyere France dị nkenke. Culture nke France
Great akụkọ ihe mere eme, omenala, ịrịba na nkà mmụta sayensị na ulo oru nwere nwere a ọdịda anyanwụ Europe mba, France. Description nke media, akwụkwọ, nkà, ya na-egbuke egbuke gara aga, ike ugbu invariably adọta uche nke ndị mba ụwa.
Statistics na-egosi na mba - kasị gara mba ọzọ ndị njem nleta! One-adọta a-akpali mmasị n'ezie omenala nketa nke ise Republic, ndị ọzọ na - a-eme ezumike. Ọ bụrụ na ị - a hụrụ njem, na eleghị anya, chọpụtara: n'etiti enye nke njem ụlọ ọrụ mgbe niile na-esetịpụ a ebe pụrụ iche France. Photo nke eiffel tower - otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu oyiyi na weebụsaịtị nke tour rụọ. Ọ site ohere? Na 2013, France, letara ya n'elu 85 nde ndị mba ọzọ ụmụ amaala. Otu n'ime ha - otu nde Russian njem nleta.
Ụlọ ọrụ, iga
France na-ghọtara n'ụwa nile dị ka a na-akpa ike ọrụ mmepụta ihe na agrarian mba. Ya GDP - $ 2.6 enweta puku ijeri. Site n'okike nke ala nke European Union na ndibọhọ, na mba uru bụ ya obodo itie ke center nke Europe na-agafe ya n'ókèala nke isi European ụzọ azụmahịa. France na n'ụwa aku na uba ike esetịpụ 6 ọnọdụ ya ulo oru nwere.
Na ụlọ ọrụ, France kasị ukwuu òkè nke n'ibu injinịa, ferrous na nonferrous ọla, Petrochemical na chemical ụlọ ọrụ, ìhè ụlọ ọrụ, perfumery. Atọ-ebe nke na ọkụ eletrik ụlọ ọrụ na mba na-enweta site na osisi, ọ complements hydroelectric usoro. Omenala mmanụ na gas bubata si na mba n'ihi enweghị ego na ya. France ebupụ ugbo ngwaahịa. Ya ọrụ ugbo - ndị ọrụ a, ha na a nkeji iri na ise nke na mmepụta nke dum European Union.
Bụ na-akwanyere ùgwù iga netwọk nke mba ahụ, nke na-eje ozi site ọhụrụ elu-ọsọ okporo ígwè. Azụ TVG, jighị ọsọ na a ọsọ nke 320 km / h bụ mpako nke France. Photos nke okwu nwere ike hụrụ n'okpuru.
Na ogologo nke mba ụzọ bụ 29 370 km na ebe nke ya Chile 535,3 thous. Km 2. Ọ na-enye otutu ohere maka mmepe nke lọjistik
N'etiti mba nke Western ụwa, France nwere omenala na-akwanyere ùgwù mba ọzọ amụma, metụtara a mkparịta ụka na Russia, ọ bụ ezie na anyị na-arịba ama na mmekọahụ n'etiti mba abụọ mgbe nile siri ike.
Kemgbe ụwa, ezigbo obibia nke mba abụọ ahụ, kara akara e kere eke nke a agha-njikọ aka ọchịchị, kara akara ọgwụgwụ nke XIX narị afọ. Ncheta nke igbaze bilateral mmekọahụ malitere Trinity Bridge, wuru site Eiffel oru ngo na St. Petersburg, na akwa na-agba aha Alexander III, ma ọ bụ, na Paris.
France Policy
France e ifịk ke mba mkpebi dị ka onye so na Security Council na UN. The ise Republic bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere nke European Union na World Bank na IMF si tọọ ntọala. Ebe ọ bụ na May 2007, France laghachiri NATO (nke North Atlantic Bloc na oge ya e butere site President de Gaulle). Ke ofụri ofụri, iwu nke France, ma esịtidem na mpụga, mgbe nile na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke na-elekọta mmadụ ịha nhata na ochichi onye kwuo uche.
agha
onwunwe nke ngwá agha nuklia na-enye ohere France na-achụso otu nọọrọ onwe ha mba ọzọ amụma. Military-ulo oru mgbagwoju nke ise Republic bụ onwe-zuru ezu ma na-amị a na nso nke oge a na mba ngwá agha. Otú ọ dị, mba ahụ na-adịghị etinye aka na ogwe aka agbụrụ. French agha bụ ịrụ ụka adịghị ike, ma naanị site ụkpụrụ nke maara ojuju. Ọ na-ebu ụzọ nuclear zere ike, bụ ndị anọ nuclear submarines, na banyere otu narị ugbo elu - nuclear submarines.
France: bi
State ụtọ mba ikike ụwa, n'otu oge nwere oké atụmanya maka mmepe karịa ọtụtụ mba Europe. Gịnị bụ dị iche iche site na ha mba - France? Description of iche pụrụ karịrị otu page.
Anyị iche otu ihe: nsogbu nke fọrọ nke nta niile EU mba bụ nke merela agadi mba. Otú ọ dị, nke ikpeazụ anaghị atụgharị nke ise Republic. Dị ka ugbu a data nwetara na countrymeters saịtị. info, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmadụ ná mba a nke 16:00 07.05.2014 afọ bụ 64.075.783 ndị mmadụ. Ya mere, site na mmalite nke afọ a mụrụ m na mba nke 394.563 nwa na nwụrụ dị iche iche ihe 281 236 ndị mmadụ.
Ọzọkwa, onu ogugu ibu na-amụ mba na-eme ka ihe ndị dị ka net Mbugharị. Ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ a na 16:00 na 07.05.2014 afọ - 46 874 ndị mmadụ.
N'ihi ya, na-abawanye na ndị bi kemgbe mmalite nke 2014 na na ụbọchị iri na 160 208 ndị mmadụ.
Territory, idụhe
Ebee bụ n'ụlọ ndị French ndị mmadụ? Gịnị bụ ọdịdị ala nke mba a? French onwe ha a na-akpọ ebe obibi ha kpakpando. N'ihi gịnị? Were a lee anya na map, ị ga-ahụ ihe, ihe ndekọ nke a mba France. Description of ókè ya, jikọta 22 continental mepere (na anyị anaghị ewere ya na ya bụ 5 Overseas Ngalaba), na-ekwu na na map France bụ n'ezie yiri a ise-kapịrị ọnụ kpakpando. Country kpakpando ... Ihunanya! Ọ na-ewe fọrọ nke nta ka 20% nke ókèala nke European Union.
Ya Maritime ala nwere ogologo nke 5500 km. France si mben na-asa site Oké Osimiri Mediterenian nke dị n'ebe ndịda, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - na Atlantic, n'ebe ugwu - na English Channel.
Ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu, site abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ya n'ókèala, France - na mba dị larịị. Otú ọ dị, teren ya - neodnoobrazny. N'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ụlọ elu siri ike Alps na Jura n'ugwu. Ke n'etiti-edina ndị Vosges, ke edem edere - na Ardennes, n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-- na Pyrenees. Ya na osimiri na ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ - Loire, n'ala ala - Ron agwụ Paris efere Seine-eru site na n'ala nna nke d'Artagnan Garonne. The usoro nke osimiri anọ na-asọpụta n'ime Atlantic Ocean na ikpokọta ọwa, mmiri mba France. Description of atụmatụ nke ya idụhe bụ mmasị. Na Ndida nke France, ọ bụ subtropical, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - na Atlantic, si n'ebe ndịda - na Mediterranean, na akụkụ - continental. More karịa a nkeji iri na ise nke mba kpuchie oké ọhịa.
omenala akụkọ ihe mere eme
Otu n'ime ihe ndị mere nke ise Republic ka adọta ndị njem nleta bụ ya ije. Ya ọbịa na-akpọ mmadụ mere anya. Na French n'ókèala ka ẹnịm Romanesque ụlọ: n'ihi na ihe atụ, ihe ọgbọ egwuregwu na Nîmes, Romanesque ụka, na nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti raara nye martyr nke Toulouse, nsọ Saturninus. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna ihe ama French Gothic ụlọ arụsị wuru na XII-XV narị afọ.
Njem nleta na-dọọrọ mmasị n'ụba mma facades oyi kpọnwụrụ ha ji nkume mee, elu, kwuru na, ụlọ nche, kwuru na, arches, ntụpọ iko art. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-ewu ewu Gothic ụlọ nke Reims katidral, nke weere ọnọdụ na echichi nke French eze, Notre Dame de Paris, ebe Emperor Napoleon I. e kpuwere
XVI na narị afọ mee ka n'echiche nke ije nke Renaissance. Cultural akụkọ ihe mere eme nke France n'oge ahụ, ji erection nke castles, chateaux, ma ọ bụ ka ha na-akpọ onwe ha French. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ama - na nnukwu ụlọ nke Amboise, wuru site na usoro ndị eze nke Valois, nke ókèala a na-eli onye amamihe Leonardo da Vinci, d'Ọ bụrụ na nnukwu ụlọ, nke jere ozi dị ka ebe a mụrụ nke akụkọ mgbe onye mkpọrọ - Iron Nkpuchi, akụkọ nke anyị asian Aleksandr Dyuma, Chambord nnukwu ụlọ - dara oké ọnụ obibi nke ndị eze.
Asaa narị afọ ada n'ime ije nke a nụchara anụcha Baroque style, ekere ke ebube obí. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị a nwere ike ije ozi dị ka ndị Versailles - isi obí eze. France narị afọ nke 19 na omenala ndị ji ọzọ style - classicism, ọ bụghị naanị na ije ma na-na ezi nkà. The ije nke oge a na-akpatre ghọtara ụkpụrụ ụlọ oru atụmatụ nke obodo mmepere emmepe. Ke n'etiti narị afọ nke 19 French sere aghọwo onye ndú na ụwa ekele nka dị ka Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas. N'ụzọ dị mwute, takeoff French sere etre Nazi arụ.
The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọchịchị: na Merovingian usoro
Nke ụfọdụ mmasị na-evolving omenala nke ala. On ya n'ókèala ebe ọ bụ na n'oge ochie, e nwere a mmepeanya: na oge nke Rome, ọ bụ a akụkụ nke a buru ibu Alaeze Ukwu dị ka n'ógbè Gaul.
Germany ebo Frank, edu King Clovis, nchoputa nke Merovingian usoro ndị eze, meriri ya na V na narị afọ BC. e., agbanahụ si Rom na-achị. The ụdi akụkọ ihe mere nke France nwere ike nkenke ndiyak kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ dị ka a mgbanwe nke na-achị feudal n'ọzọ.
Merovingian ike ebelatawo, na mbụ eze nọ n'okpuru, onyeisi obodo nke eze, ụtọ-eto eto ime. Otu n'ime ha, Pepin na Short (nna Karla Velikogo), na VII narị afọ, were ocheeze inweta ike franc na-ekwu, okobot Carolingian usoro ndị eze.
Carolingian usoro
Famous nwa Pepin ịga nke ọma n'ime ime ihe nke Europe ala (gụnyere ókèala France) n'ime otu alaeze ukwu.
Otú ọ dị, leverage ike nke a nnukwu ala, n'otu ịtụnanya charisma Karla Velikogo, e mesịrị efu mgbe ọnwụ nke nwa-ya, Ludwik m na-eme nsọ nsọ. Alaeze Ukwu kewara n'etiti atọ Karolingov ụmụ.
Na West-Frank alaeze, dị na France, malitere ịchị nwa nwoke ikpeazụ nke Ludwik m - Charles Isi Nkwọcha. Na X narị afọ France (ọ mere na-akpọ) bụ a feudal slaboupravlyaemuyu tipia obodo. Nke a were uru nke Vikings, edu konung Rollo, ebe merie ya n'ebe ugwu ógbè na-akpọ ya òkù Normandy (Normans n'ala). Nzube nke Norwegian Viking rogue bụ iji merie maka onwe ya a na alaeze, na ọ na, n'eziokwu, mere.
usoro ndị eze Capet
The 987 afọ kama nke ikpeazụ nke Carolingian, na ịmụ nwa Louis na V, na behest nke eze ndị eze nọ n'okpuru ocheeze, nọdụ ala na-agụ Gugo Kapet, nchoputa nke Capetian usoro ndị eze, nzọụkwụ nke atọ na mba akụkọ ihe mere eme. A oge nke mba ọzọ amụma nke France e belata ka agha ntụte na ime - na na agha nke okpukpe ná mba ahụ. Na nke a aka ike ugboro, mgbe na-achị ógbè, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke France na-chịkọtara ka nnọchi nke na-achị usoro ndị eze na nke ha mpụta alaka. Ọ si otú a dochie Capet na 1328 wee usoro ndị Valois, na-achị achị na bịara na Narị Afọ War, Joan nke Arc feat Brittany mmeri, reunification nke mba ahụ, agha Protestant (Huguenots) na ndị Katọlik. Mgbe mgbu mmadu nke ikpeazụ nke Valois, Henry III of, mọnk Jacques Clement, recruited site na Catholic League, France malitere ịchị ọzọ n'akụkụ alaka Capetian - Bourbon usoro ndị eze.
The French mgbanwe
The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị eze France kwụsịtụrụ maka Louis XVI, eru gọvanọ, tọrọ n'ememe nile na wepụrụ site na steeti omume. Mgbe e nwere kemgbe a na-adakpọ na ulo oru mmepe nke France, precedents ụnwụ, see okwu n'etiti ndị na-ike na ndị mmadụ. Echiche na rere ere onyeeze-aga n'ihu nke French Society (agụnye bourgeoisie ụkọchukwu na ama) nnọọ n'ụzọ doro anya kwuru na ọkà ihe ọmụma Montesquieu. Ọ na-akpọ eze ike breeki ọganihu nke ọha mmadụ na usurpation nke inalienable ikike nke iche iche strata nke ndị bi na. Nke a adomokoro ka toro na French mgbanwe, akara oruru nke Mbụ Republic.
N'ihi na oge mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa kama gburu ikpere ndị ahụ họọrọ nnwere onwe, ịha nhata, fraternity. Ndị mmadụ na-ike gwụrụ nke na-mobile, ha chọrọ ịghọ ụmụ amaala. Nke a mere na France!
Malite nke mgbanwe jere ozi dị ka mgbe a batara nke Bastille 17.07.1789, Louis, King of France, gbuo, ebubo n'ụlọikpe dị ka a nwa amaala Louis Capet maka usurpation nke ike ma na ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. The njedebe nke mgbanwe jere ozi dị ka reactionary kuu 09/11/1799, Executive Director nke ala dị ka isi ngwa nke revolutionary ike bụ inert na adighi ike. Ke adianade do, ọ na-kewaa ya, kasị akpa so Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès, n'ezie mere ka ike nke Napoleon Bonaparte. French agha hụrụ n'anya na-akwanyere ùgwù mkpebi nzube Corsican maka onyinye unrivaled si eme.
A n'ihu usoro nke mgbanwe ndị na-French obodo ndokwa - bụ a usoro nke mba na alaeze ukwu.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon m usurped ike, na-akpọsa onwe ya Emperor nke afọ 18/05/1804. Na ndị ya a pụrụ ịdabere na support, kpọlite ha na ala nke agha na criterion nke agha talent na wuru na marshals - Bessières, Jourdan, Lannes, Lefebvre, Massena, Murat, Ney, Soult, Suchet. Otú ọ dị, na a par ha na ha na marshals ndị oké ozu: Pears, Davoust, Macdonald, Marmont, Serryure. A usoro nke nnukwu mmeri nke Napoleon na Prussian, Polish, Austrian, Ijipt mkpọsa kara akara ọgwụgwụ nke Russia. "Dubina ndị mmadụ agha" ahụ, dị ka o dere banyere Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke 1812. L. N. Tolstoy, na anwụ anwụ juggernaut etipịa tupu French agha, na-emeri ndị nile nke Europe. Esemokwu Kutuzov Napoleon e doziri na ihu ọma nke Mihaila Illarionovicha. Ọ bụ a na-ghar tactic nke see na amamiihe strategist. Mgbe ida nke Napoleon alaeze na Agha nke Waterloo na 1814, ọchịchị ndị eze, e weghachiri ha na France.
abụọ Republic
06/04/1814, na French Sineti, nke dị n'okpuru nsogbu mba mmeri, were mkpebi iji weghachi Bourbon usoro ndị eze na onye nke Louis XVIII. Mgbe ọnwụ ya na 1824, ike ebe Charles X. The discontent nke French mesiri-royalist ozi Polignac na leveling ha ohere, na-emepụta site na mgbanwe ọchịchị, na aka n'ime King 25.07.1830, anọ iwu rụpụtara na July mgbanwe na nyefe nke si na ike Bourbon usoro ndị eze ya Orleans alaka-anọchi anya Louis-Filippom Orleanskim. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na-emesapụ mgbanwe ke Europe, na mba isi a na-akpọ "bourgeois eze". Ọbubu-eze nke Louis Philippe pụtara na nọworo igbaze maka bourgeoisie, ọ gua nke ngwa ngwa inwetara nke a oyi akwa nke ọha mmadụ na mgbanwe usoro mmepụta. Otú ọ dị, ya Government bụ a hotbed nke ire ure. King kpọrọ ya asị bụ na usoro nke ọgụ. N'eziokwu, ndị ọchịchị imubanye ọnọdụ na mba, nke mere ka ọzọ mgbanwe ke 1848 - na February.
On ọta kwuo uche ụkpụrụ a zụlitere ọzọ. The mba aghọwo president nri (onyeisi oche mbụ nke France). Ha họọrọ nwa nwanne Napoleon - Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte.
Otú ọ dị, onyeisi oche ahụ iwu e ekedịbe. Na okwu, o kwere nkwa na ụmụ amaala nke nnwere onwe na-ejere ya ozi ka ha na, n'eziokwu - na obi ike ime ka eze ukwu mweghachi. 02.12.1851, na ncheta nke agha Austerlitz, ọ na-akwado site na ndị agha disbanded na Legislative Assembly, na-ekwusa ya Emperor Napoleon III. Otú ọ dị, nkà schemer bụ "eru statesman", dị ka Otto Bismarck, captivated ya na Sedan na 1870, n'oge Franco-Prussian War.
atọ Republic
France pụta si agha site na ịbanye a udo nkwekorita na Prussia na nyefe nke ikpeazụ nke ya abụọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ anāchi achi nke Rhine ndagwurugwu: na-echebe oké ọhịa nke Alsace na Lorraine putara ighe mkpa "n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá dị n'etiti Germany na France."
The adịbeghị anya mere eme nke France, na bụ oge si First World War ruo ugbu a, na n'oge ogbo nke ya metụtara nke a ụdị ọchịchị, dị ka atọ Republic. Ọ kere ruo 1940, budata ike na French Republican usoro na a multiparty usoro.
The Third Republic A mụrụ a ọbara see. Ọkara detached, socialists na anarchists 26/03/1871, mgbe nsogbu na Paris, na ndị mmadụ ghara inwe afọ ojuju na onyeeze Napoleon III, ma guzosie ike a na mba ọchịchị, na eziokwu - mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụdị nke ọchịchị aka ike nke proletariat, na Paris mmekota.
Flag France egosi kpọmkwem na barricades nke Paris mmekota. Nke a tricolor na vetikal n'ọnyá: acha anụnụ anụnụ, na-acha ọcha, red. N'ihu ya, a nnọchianya nke obodo bụ a na-acha ọcha ọkọlọtọ eze na okooko lili juru. Nso aro - acha anụnụ anụnụ na agba, ọ bụ otú ahụ a mgbokwasị nke St. Martin, na nchebe senti nke France. White na-anọchi divinity, red bụ peculiar Oriflamma na nsọpụrụ nke St. Daịọnisiọs, asọpụrụ na mba.
Popular nsogbu gburu site na ike nke ogwe aka monarchists. Prussia a awara nyak dọọrọ n'agha. Tumadi n'ihi na ha McMahon gbatara ya punitive 130,000th agha.
Otú ọ dị, oge a monarchists abụghị na ike. The National Assembly - Republican Executive arụ ọrụ n'okpuru idu ndú nke ndị ọchịchị nke President Adolfa Terri irè. France bụ ike iji weghachi ya ulo oru nwere mgbe Prussian War. Otú ọ dị, monarchists jide ụzọ, dochie Thierry nri mmekota ọchịchị, nke na-akọwa etieibuot nke Patrice MacMahon. Ọzọ ọ malitere ọchịchị ndị eze, nakweere oruru. Ma atụmatụ nke monarchists na-adịghị kara aka na-emezu. Na 1875, ndị mgbanwe Sineti, ị na-ahọrọ ụdị ọchịchị a na obodo na a oke nke otu votu, ka m họọrọ Republic.
The onyeisi oche mbụ nke oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke France (site na 1913 1920) bụ Raymon Puankare. N'oge ọchịchị ya, ndị ọnọdụ nke Russia na France ka ha jikọrọ aka, ka o kwere mee otu na mba idaha. Otú ọ dị, French bourgeois ọchịchị, asymmetrically-emepe emepe na aku na uba na iji onwe ha ọgaranya, na-enweghị ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu kwadebe na mba nwere nwere, ezigbo Nazi Germany maka agha megide mwakpo. Na 1940, n'ihi na ọ chịlie aka elu nke France na World War II Third Republic dara.
anọ Republic
Na 1946, ndị Constituent Assembly nke France nakweere n'usoro ochichi nke Fourth Republic, nke kpebisiri ike na n'ihu mmepe nke mba. The kasị elu omebe iwu ahu, na National Assembly, esịnede a ala n'ụlọ - na National Assembly, na top - na Council nke Republic. Ọ bụ a president-Omeiwu Republic na a siri ike Executive ike. The mkpa bụ na mmepe nke post-agha nwughari nke mba nwere. N'ihi ya irè mmejuputa iwu site nationalization ya kere a dị ike ala oru, nke gụnyere ụgbọelu, akpakanamde, gas na coal ọrụ. Ise na-eduga French akụ na-aghọkwa ọha. Economic development zubere pụrụ iche General Secretariat, gawa site Zhan Mone. N'ihi ya, isi obodo malitere esiwanye itinye ego na French aku na uba, ya bupu si na mba na-ebelata. N'ihi na oge mbụ na ọ bụ nke anọ Republic na mkpa mmepe nke otu na ọ ghọọ a na-elekọta mmadụ iwu nke France. Maka ọrụ, ọrụ en masse malite iwu ọnụ ụlọ, ọ na-n'ezie dị ọtụtụ ebe mmụta na ahụ ike na-elekọta.
Guzobe nke ise Republic si ochichi onye kwuo uche
Oge nke ise Republic, nke malitere na 1958 oruru nke de Gaulle na aka iso ugbu a, a na-akpọ Nke ise Republic. Nke a bụ - oge nke okè nke usoro ọchịchị nke mba ahụ France si nweta ya pụrụ iche mere eme ụzọ. Nzuko omeiwu e-ejedebeghị na ha ikike.
The usoro nke ochichi onye kwuo uche nke ise Republic
Ezi akparamagwa nyere ya site na mbụ Prime Minister Villepin: President-eduzi ọchịchị - akara, na nzuko omeiwu na-emekwa ụfọdụ iwu. Ya isi ụkpụrụ bụ a siri ike Mọsko, itieutom mba ọzọ amụma mbipụta na ndị agha-ulo oru mgbagwoju.
N'okpuru ikike nke ndị ọchịchị na-akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ na atumatu. N'ihi ya ime na oruru na-agbaso Iwu Council.
N'otu oge olu nke president okwu a kọwara site ọnụnọ nke pro-ọchịchị ọtụtụ nzuko omeiwu. Ọ ịrịba ama iwu na nri iji lebara mba ezikwa ndị referendum.
The Government nke France na-ebute iwu, a mkpa na Nwa nke iwu. Nzuko omeiwu (esịnede n'ọnụ ụlọ dị n'elu - Sineti na ala - na National Assembly) atụle draft iwu chọrọ site ọchịchị. Oruru machibidoro National Assembly megharịa, na-eduga na-abawanye na mmefu ego expenditures.
Otú ọ dị, na nzuko omeiwu nwere ikike iji gosi na ha obi ike na ọchịchị a ọtụtụ votu, na wepụ ya.
ọgwụgwụ
France XXI narị afọ dị ka a ụwa-klas ike obi ike na-egosi na irè nke akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ na atumatu. N'otu oge ya e ji nchegbu maka ichebe mba ụkpụrụ.
France bụ ogidi nke ochichi onye kwuo uche na a ụwa center nke ọdịbendị. Ọdịnihu ya ga-ụmụ amaala nke mba na-ahụ ọhụrụ Europe na atụmanya ya - na oruru na ime ihe nke trans-European owuwu.
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