Mesozoic oge. Mesozoic Era. History of Earth

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Earth nwere anọ na ọkara ijeri afọ. Nke a na nnukwu oge na-kewara n'ime anọ ọtụtụ ijeri afọ, nke n'aka nke na-ekewa n'ime eras na oge. Final anọ eon - Phanerozoic - agụnye atọ eras:

• Paleozoic;
• Mesozoic;
• Cenozoic.

oge nke Mesozoic Ọ kara iwebata nke dinosaurs, ọmụmụ nke oge a Biosphere ịrịba obodo mgbanwe.

The oge nke Mesozoic oge

The njedebe nke Paleozoic oge ndị ji ikpochapu nke ụmụ anụmanụ. Mmepe nke ndụ na Mesozoic oge e ji ntoputa nke ọhụrụ iche iche nke e kere eke. Mbụ niile, ọ bụ dinosaurs na n'oge mammals.

Mesozoic kere otu narị na iri asatọ na isii nde afọ na-enwe nke atọ, dị ka:

• Triassic;
• Jurassic;
• Cretaceous.

Mesozoic oge e ji dị ka oge nke okpomọkụ n'ụwa. Anyị anọwo ịrịba mgbanwe tectonics nke Earth. Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ naanị ẹdude supercontinent kụtusịa abụọ akụkụ, nke na-ekemende kewara kọntinent, n'ụwa taa.

Triassic

Triassic oge - a bụ nke mbụ ogbo nke Mesozoic oge. Triassic Ọ dịgidere ruo ihe karịrị iri atọ na ise nde afọ. Mgbe ọdachi, nke mere na njedebe nke Paleozoic on Earth, e nwere ọnọdụ, ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka ọganihu nke ndụ. Tectonic kpatara emee Afrika Pangea kpụrụ agbọpụta ọkụ na ugwu n'elu.

The idụhe bụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na akọrọ, na njikọ na nke mbara ala kpụrụ desert na nnu etoju ke ọdọ enwekwu nnọọ. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a ndị dị njọ mbụ dinosaurs, mammals na nnụnụ. N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, nke a so mee ka enweghị iche onodu ubochi zones na iji nọgide na a edo okpomọkụ ofụri n'ụwa.

The fauna nke Triassic

Triassic Oge nke Mesozoic ji a ịrịba evolushọn nke anụmanụ ụwa. Ọ bụ Triassic oge na-enwe ndị ntule, nke e mechara kpụrụ ihe oyiyi nke oge a Biosphere.

Cynodont pụtara - a otu nke dinosaurs, bụ nna nna nke mbụ mammals. Ndị a dinosaurs kpuchie na ntutu isi ma na a ike mepụtara jaws na-enyere ha rie raw anụ. Cynodont tọrọ àkwá, ma ha na-eto eto nwanyị nri mmiri ara ehi. Na Triassic sitere nna nna nke dinosaurs, pterosaurs na oge a na agụ iyi - archosaurs.

Ọtụtụ ntule gbanwere ha na gburugburu ebe obibi na mmiri na-efekarị na ihu igwe. N'ihi ya, e nwere ọhụrụ ụdị nke umu Amon, molluscs, nakwa dị ka ọkpụkpụ na ray-finned azụ. Ma isi bi miri oké osimiri nọ eri ichthyosaurs na dị ka evolushọn malitere iru gigantic n'ike-n'ike.

Site na njedebe nke Triassic, eke nhọrọ na-adịghị ekwe ka na-niile na ụmụ anụmanụ pụtara, ọtụtụ ụdị ike mpi ndị ọzọ, ike, na-ngwa ngwa. Ya mere, site na njedebe nke oge na ala adịkwaghị thecodonts, nna nna nke dinosaurs.

Osisi na Triassic oge

The osisi nke mbụ ọkara nke Triassic bụghị nnọọ iche na osisi njedebe nke Paleozoic oge. Na mmiri na-ukwuu dị iche iche ụdị algae, ala nile na nkpuru ferns na drevnehvoynye, na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe - lycopsids osisi.

Site na njedebe nke Triassic ala zoro cover of herbaceous osisi, nke ukwuu facilitated ntoputa nke a dịgasị iche iche nke ụmụ ahụhụ. Ọzọkwa, e nwere osisi mesophytic otu. Sagovnikovye ụfọdụ osisi nwere anwụghị ruo ugbu a. Ọ sago nkwụ na-eto eto na Malay Archipelago ebe. Ọtụtụ ụdị osisi na-eto eto na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe nke mbara ala, na ala-adịkwaghị conifers.

Jurassic

Oge a bụ ndị kasị ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mesozoic oge. Jura - European ugwu, nke nyere aha a oge. Na ndị a ugwu ka sediments nke oge a hụrụ. The Jurassic ahụ e kere iri ise na ise nde afọ. Geographic uru enwetara n'ihi na guzobere nke oge a na-enye (America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica).

Nkewa nke abụọ ẹdude ruo mgbe kọntinent Laurasia na Gondwana bụ guzobere ọhụrụ bays na oké osimiri ma na-azụlite zuru ụwa ọnụ oké osimiri na-etoju. Nke a nwere a nti mmetụta na Ụwa idụhe, na-eme ka ọ Wetter. Ikuku okpomọkụ na mbara ala na-ebelata na ghọrọ-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ọnọdụ na subtropical climates. Ndị dị otú ahụ ihu igwe mgbanwe ukwuu mee ka mmepe na mma nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

Ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke Jurassic oge

Jurassic oge - na oge nke ndị dinosaurs. Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke ndụ nwekwara ghọrọ usoro were on n'ụdị ọhụrụ na ụdị. Sea nke oge a jupụtara na ọtụtụ invertebrates, a Ọdịdị ahụ nke bụ ihe mepere karịa na Triassic. The ubiquity natara bivalves na vnutrirakovinnye belemnites, ogologo nke esịmde atọ mita.

The ụwa nke ụmụ ahụhụ na-natara evolutionary ibu. Ntoputa nke okooko osisi na a kpasuru iwe ntoputa nke pollinating ụmụ ahụhụ. E nwere ọhụrụ ụdị cicadas, ébé, dragonflies na ndị ọzọ na terrestrial ụmụ ahụhụ.

Ihu Igwe mgbanwe Jurassic rụpụtara profuse ọdịda. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, anana-mgbasa nke lush ahịhịa na mbara ala ala. Ke edere edere belt nke ala-adịkwaghị herbaceous osisi paportnikovye na Ginkgo. Southern mpaghara ndị osisi ferns na otutu aho. Ke adianade do, ụwa jupụtara a dịgasị iche iche nke conifers, na kordaitovye sagovnikovye osisi.

Dawn nke dinosaurs

Na Jurassic oge nke Mesozoic nākpu akpu ruru ha evolutionary elu, ushering na oge nke dinosaurs. N'oké osimiri ala ike ibu ichthyosaurs na plesiosaurs delfinooobraznye. Ọ bụrụ na ichthyosaurs ndị bi nanị aquatic gburugburu ebe obibi, na plesiosaurs site n'oge ruo n'oge dị mkpa landfall.

Dinosaurs bi na ala, na-egbu ha di iche iche. Ha nha malite site na 10 sentimita iri atọ mita, na ntukwasi ha ruo iri ise ton. Otu n'ime ha na-adịkwaghị herbivorous nnụnụ, ma, e nwere ndị dị obi ọjọọ anụ. A nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke anụ ọhịa a kpasuru iwe guzobe herbivores ụfọdụ ọcha nke nchebe: nnukwu efere, spikes, na ndị ọzọ.

Airspace jupụtara Jurassic dinosaurs, bụ ndị nwere ike ofufe. Ọ bụ ezie na ụgbọ elu ha nwere ịrị ugwu. Pterodactyls na ndị ọzọ na pterosaurs esi na ngwugwu na zubere na ala na search nri.

Cretaceous

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ a aha maka ọzọ oge o kere òkè bụ isi, n'ihi na sedimenti ịnwụ invertebrates, ede nzu. A oge na-akpọ Cretaceous bụ ikpeazụ na Mesozoic oge. Oge a dịruru iri asatọ nde afọ.

Ihe ọhụrụ kọntinent akpali, na tectonics nke Earth na-esiwanye na-ewere ụdị maara mmadụ n'oge a. The idụhe ghọrọ ihe colder n'oge a kpụrụ ice okpu ugwu na n'ebe ndịda okporo osisi ya. Ọzọkwa, e nwere nkewa onodu ubochi zones nke mbara ala. Ma n'ozuzu ihu igwe nọgidere na-ekpo ọkụ ezuru, aka site na griin haus mmetụta.

Biosphere Cretaceous

The mmiri wee na-webata na agbasa belemnites na akịrịkọ, oké osimiri urchins na-na-na-mepụtara na mbụ akịrịkọ.

Ke adianade do, ọdọ na-ifịk ifịk na-emepe emepe tverdokostnym azụ ọkpọ. Ukwuu ọganihu ụmụ ahụhụ na ikpuru. On n'ala ya mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke vertebrates, gụnyere na-eduga ọnọdụ ji site nākpu akpu akpụ akpụ. Ha na-arụsi ọrụ ike na etinye obi gị dum site na ahịhịa nke ụwa elu na ibibi onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Na Cretaceous oge e nwere ndị mbụ agwọ na biri ma na mmiri na na ala. Birds malitere iputa na mbubreyo Jurassic oge, n'etiti nzu nile na-arụsi ọrụ ike mmepe.

N'etiti ndị kasị mepụtara osisi okooko. Spore osisi ruru Mgbasa e ji mara nke ịnwụ pụọ, na-enye ụzọ a ọzọ na-aga n'ihu. Ná ngwụsị nke oge a, gymnosperms ghọrọ usoro budata na ibu dochie angiosperms.

The njedebe nke Mesozoic oge

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Earth nwere ihe abụọ zuru ụwa ọnụ ọdachi, nke jere ozi dị ka uka ikpochapu nke fauna nke mbara ala. Akpa, Perm ọdachi ahụ bụ mmalite nke Mesozoic oge, na nke abụọ akara ya ogwugwu. Nwuchapu umu kasị ifịk ifịk, ghọrọ usoro na Mesozoic. Na aquatic gburugburu ebe obibi kwụsịrị ịdị adị Amon belemnites, bivalves. Gara bụ dinosaurs na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-akpụ akpụ. Ma ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ụdị nnụnụ na ụmụ ahụhụ.

Iji ụbọchị ọ dịghị pụtara nchepụta na ọ bụ ihe ikwanye uka ikpochapu nke fauna na Cretaceous oge. E nwere nsụgharị nke na-ezighị ezi mmetụta nke griin haus mmetụta, ma ọ bụ nke radieshon mere site dị ike w gbawaranụ. Ma, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-achọ kwere na ihe kpatara nke ikpochapu bụ asteroid ibu size, nke mgbe ha see Earth ala a zụlitere na ihe ikuku nke a ọtụtụ bekee nwere emechi ha planet anyanwụ.