Mgbanwe nke usoro leukocyte n'aka ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri

Iji tinye nyocha ọ bụla, onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị na-enweta usoro dị ka onyinye ọbara maka nyocha. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, mkpịsị aka zuru ezu site na mkpịsị aka, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, ị ga-ewere biomaterial si vein. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị dọkịta na-amụ ihe na-eji nkọwa dịka ngbanwe na usoro nchịkọta leukocyte. Mgbe ị na-anụ ebe okwu dị otú a, ọ bụghị mmadụ nile ga-enwe ike ịghọta ihe, n'eziokwu, na-ekwu banyere ya.

Ekwesiri ighota na n'ime madu obula ogugu nke obara bu nke mmadu, ma o nwere ike gbanwee n'ihi onodu ozo. Banyere mgbanwe ndị a na-agwa usoro nchịkọta leukocyte. A ga-atụlekwa ya ọzọ n'isiokwu nke isiokwu a.

Kedu ihe bụ leukocyte usoro?

N'ime ọbara anyị, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị leukocytes (ihe gbasara nke a na mpaghara na-esote) na nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-emezu ọrụ ya. Wbc, ma ọ bụ leukogram bụ pasent nke nile umu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara. Ọ na-enyekwa ohere iji chọpụta ọnụọgụ nke leukocyte ọnụ, si otú a na-ekpughe mgbanwe nke usoro leukocyte. O nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na mgbakọ na mwepụ ebe a. N'ihi usoro a, ị nwere ike nyochaa ahụike nile nke mmadụ, yana ịchọpụta ihe ndị dị iche iche nwere ike ime.

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ bụghị nanị na ị nwere ike ịmata ọrịa ahụ, ma chọpụtakwara ókè ọ ga-esi nwee ihe ọzọ. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, nyochaa nkọwa nke usoro nchịkọta leukocyte bụ nke a na-edekọ n'ọmụmụ ihe zuru ezu n'oge nnyocha ahụike a tụrụ anya, na-enyo enyo nke ọrịa leukemia, nakwa dị ka ihe nchịkwa prophylactic.

Anumanu nke leukocytes

N'ime ọbara mmadụ, dịka e kwuru n'elu, e nwere ihe karịrị otu ụdị leukocyte. Mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a dị mkpa, bụ ndị na-alụ ọgụ ma na-emeghachi omume na mmebi ahụ, na-etolite n'ime ụmị ọkpụkpụ. E nwere ụdị ise:

• Lymphocytes;
• Neutrophils;
• Monocytes;
• Basophi;
• Eosinophils.

N'okwu a, monocytes, basophils na eosinophil na-ewere dị njọ, na lymphocytes na nsị na neutrophils. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ụdị eriri ọbara ndị a dị iche na ibe ha ọ bụghị nanị na ihe owuwu, kamakwa na-arụ ọrụ ha. N'inyocha ajụjụ metụtara ngbanwe nke usoro leukocyte, ọ bara uru ịmatakwu ha.

Lymphocytes - mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a bụ ndị otu agranulocytes na-anọchite anya ntọala nke usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Ihe kachasị ha mkpa bụ ịmata ma kpochapụ mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere mkpụrụ ndụ cancer. Ha na-ekerekwa òkè na mmepụta ọgwụ. N'aka nke ya, ha kewara n'ime ụdị atọ:

• B-sel;
• Oghere T;
• NK sel.

Monocytes bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-esote otu ìgwè ndị na-achịkwa leonucyte. Ha dị ka oval ma nwee nnukwu oghere buru ibu, nke nwere chromatin, nnukwu ọnụọgụ cytoplasm na ọtụtụ lysosomes. Ha nwere ọnụọgụ nke 18-20 μm n'ụdị tozuru oke. Ndị Monocytes bụ ọrụ maka iwepu mkpụrụ ndụ nje, yana nje bacteria na ndị ọzọ mba ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye na neutralizing microorganisms, ha na-ekere òkè na phagocytosis.

Ndị na-adịghị mma - bụ ndị na-ahụ maka mkpụrụ akụkụ granulocyte ma bụrụ phagocytes n'oge oge. N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, ọ bụ n'ihi ihe kpatara ha ka usoro nchịkwa leukocyte gbanwere gaa n'aka nri ma ọ bụ n'aka ekpe. A na-ekewa ha n'ime stabloconuclear na nke-nuklia. Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ ndị na-agbagharị agbagharị, a na-eji ụbụrụ ha nwere ike iji chemotaxis ma nwee ike ibute nje bacteria. Ma nke a neutrophils banye mkpụrụ ndụ ma ọ bụ ahụ nke dịtụ obere size. Ha na-ekere òkè n'ime mmepụta ihe ụfọdụ bactericidal, si otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ disinsection ahụ.

Basọlls - na-esokwa na leucycyte granulocyte ma nwee oghere yiri nke S. N'ọtụtụ buru ibu nwere ihe ndị dị ka:

• Akụkọ;
• Serotonin;
• Leukotriene;
• Prostaglandin.

A na-amụba mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime ụmị ọkpụkpụ wee banye n'ọbara ahụ ka tozuru oke. Ha buru ibu, buru ibu karịa neutrophils na eosinophil. Mgbe usoro mkpali na-eme, basophils bụ maka ibufe mkpụrụ ndụ ọcha na saịtị nke ọnya ahụ. Ha na-etinyekwa aka na mmeghachi omume nro.

Eosinophi - yana neutrophils na-agagharị ma na-ekere òkè na phagocytosis. Ha nwere ike ịbanye na mba ọzọ, ma ịbụ microphages enweghị ike ịlụso nnukwu mkpụrụ osisi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, eosinophil na-eji ike ịmịkọrọ ma jikọọ histamine na ndị ọzọ na-eche maka nrịanrịa na mbufụt. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ha nwere ike ịhapụ ihe ndị a n'otu ụzọ ahụ basophil si eme.

Ụmụaka

Mgbe ọ ka dị obere, karịsịa banyere ụmụaka amụrụ ọhụrụ, e nwere mgbanwe dịkwuo anya na usoro nchịkọta leukocyte ụmụaka. Nke a bụ nkọwa dị mfe - ahụ nwatakịrị ma ọ bụ nwa ọhụrụ amụrụbeghị edozi ma usoro dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ya.

Ọzọkwa, n'adịghị ka ndị okenye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke leukocytes na ọbara, n'agbanyeghị afọ nwa, dị iche iche. N'ime oge ndụ nwatakịrị ahụ, nwata ahụ na-agafe n'usoro usoro leukocyte ugboro abụọ. Oge mbụ nke a mere mgbe a mụsịrị nwa. Ebe ọ bụ na ahụ nne na-arụ ọrụ nchebe maka nwa ebu n'afọ, ihe mejupụtara ọbara nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ na-adabere na ụkpụrụ nke ndị okenye.

N'ịbụ onye na-abanye n'ìhè ahụ, nwa ahụ malitere ozugbo iji ya na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke gosipụtara na usoro dịgasị iche iche na-ewere ọnọdụ na ahụ ya. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị ọnwa mbụ nke ndụ, ogo nke lymphocytes na-abawanye ụba.

N'ịbụ onye dị afọ atọ ma ọ bụ atọ, a na-eji ahụ ọbara ejighị n'aka mee ihe ụmụaka ahụ. Nke ahụ bụ, site n'oge ruo n'oge, usoro usoro leukocyte na-agbanwe gaa n'aka ekpe n'ime ụmụ ma ọ bụ n'aka nri. Mmanya nke lymphocytes na neutrophils nwere ike ịdị iche iche n'ụbọchị. Ọzọkwa, ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ngbanwe dị otú ahụ:

• Supercooling;
• Ogologo ije na anyanwụ;
• Ọrịa oge;
• Mgbanwe dị n'ọbara.

Site na 4 ruo 6 afọ, neutrophils na-aga n'ọkwá. Otú ọ dị, n'ime ụmụaka karịa afọ isii ruo afọ asaa, ụdị ọbara ahụ yiri nke ndị okenye. N'ime oge dum nke mgbanwe mgbanwe hormonal, a ga-ahụ mgbanwe nke usoro nke 10-15%, nke bụ norm.

A ga-egosi ihe osise ndị ọzọ dị na tebụl n'okpuru.

Gbanwee n'ogo nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara, dabere na afọ nwata

Afọ	Aha mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara	Norm,%
Ụmụ ọhụrụ	Lymphocytes	20-35
	Neutrophils	65
	Monocytes	3-5
	Basọl	0-1
	Eosinophils	1-2
Ọnwa mbụ nke ndụ	Lymphocytes	65-70
	Neutrophils	20-25
	Monocytes	3-6
	Basọl	1-2
	Eosinophils	0.5-1
Site na 1 ruo 3 afọ	Lymphocytes	35-55
	Neutrophils	32-52
	Monocytes	10-12
	Basọl	0-1
	Eosinophils	1-4
Site na 4 ruo 6 afọ	Lymphocytes	33-50
	Neutrophils	36-52
	Monocytes	10-12
	Basọl	0-1
	Eosinophils	1-4
Agadi karịa afọ 6-7	Lymphocytes	19-35
	Neutrophils	50-72
	Monocytes	3-11
	Basọl	0-1
	Eosinophils	1-5

N'ihi mgbanwe ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-eguzogide nsogbu nke nwatakịrị ahụ, mgbe nwatakịrị na-enweta ma mara ụwa gbara ya gburugburu.

Ihe ndi mmadu nwere ike ime site na umuaka

Ụdị ụdị ọbara ọbara ọ bụla dị iche iche dịka ọdịdị ya si dị na ya. Njehie ọ bụla nke na-enweta usoro leukocyte, ntụgharị gaa n'aka ekpe na aka nri, na-egosi ọhụụ ọ bụla.

Elu lymphocytes ma ọ bụ lymphocytosis dị elu na-eme ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa virus na nje bacteria dị (pertussis, flu, rubella, measles, tuberculosis). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọnyà dị elu nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-egosi na ọnụnọ nke ụkwara ume ọkụ, ọrịa autoimmune (ọrịa Crohn ma ọ bụ ọrịa Lyme), nakwa ihe na-emetụta ọrịa ahụ. Ịzụ nwa nke nwere nri carbohydrate buru ibu n'afọ mbụ nke ndụ ya na-emekarị ka mmụba nke lymphocytes dị elu. Mkpụrụ ha dị oke mkpa (lymphocytopenia) na-atụ aro na ụmị ọkpụkpụ na-ekpuchi ọrịa ma gharazi ịmị mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara n'ọtụtụ dị mkpa.

Ihe dị elu nke neutrophils nwekwara aha ya - Neutrophilia ma ọ bụ ngbanwe nke usoro leukocyte n'aka ekpe. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nke a bụ n'ihi mmeghachi omume nchebe nke anụ ahụ na ụdị egwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro ihe ọkụkụ dị ukwuu na systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ọ bụrụ na ahụ nwere ọdịda hormonal, mgbe ahụ neutropenia ma ọ bụ enweghi neutrophils. Ma ma e wezụga ya, mmerụ dị ukwuu nke ahụ ahụ na-emetụta nke a.

Nnukwu elu nke monocytes na-eduga na monocytosis, nke nwere ike ịmalite ọrịa na-akpata ma ọ bụ ọrịa nje. N'ebe a, a ga-ekpe ikpe foto ahụike site na ihe ịrịba ama ndị ọzọ:

• Lymphadenopathy;
• Mbufụt nke nasopharynx na larynx na neoplasms;
• Imeju umeji na njirimara nke na-egbu mgbu na hypochondrium kwesịrị ekwesị.

Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a ga-ejikọta usoro leukocyte gbanwere na nkwụsị aka ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri na ụkọ sel ndị a (monocytopenia). Nke a na - emekarị ma ọ bụrụ na ahụ adịghị enweta vitamin zuru ezu nke otu B, folic acid. Ọrịa na-erughị ígwè na-emekarị.

A na-akpọ ọtụtụ basophil basophilia. Otú ọ dị, ọhụụ a dị nnọọ obere ma na-amalite n'ọnọdụ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ihe kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ mgbanwe nchịkwa dị egwu dịka ụkwara nta, ọnya lymph, myeloleukemia, ọbara oncology.

Ngbanwe nke usoro leukocyte nwere ike igosi ọkwa dị elu nke eosinophil, nke na-eme maka otu n'ime ihe abụọ nwere ike ime. Nke mbụ bụ na iji ọgwụ ndị mmiri ara ehi, gụnyere lactose, gluten, mmeghachi omume na-atụ egwu. Ihe nke abuo bu ihe jikotara njo nke nkuru aru parasitic, nke adighi adi anya ogologo oge. O kwesiri iburu n'uche na eosinophilia enweghi ike kpebisie ike site na ihe omuma ndi ozo. Mana usoro ahụ nwere ike ịme ngwa ngwa na ịmepụta usoro a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha.

Ntu maka nyocha

Ntuba maka inye onyinye nke ọbara maka ebumnuche nke ịchọta usoro usoro leukocyte bụ ihe ndị a:

• Nyocha dọkịta ga-enyocha ya, nke a ga-eme kwa afọ.
• Ọ bụrụ na e nwere mgbagwoju anya mgbe ọrịa ahụ gasịrị.
• Ọ bụrụ na ike siri ike.

Dika otutu ndi okachamara mara, echela udiri ule di otua. Mgbanwe nke usoro leukocyte ga-eme ka ịchọpụta ọrịa ọ bụla nke nnukwu ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị ala ala, gụnyere oncology.

Naanị ọmụmụ ihe ahụ ga-enye azịza ziri ezi ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eme ya na njikọta ndị ọzọ. Nanị na nke a ọ ga-ekwe omume ịchọta nyocha ziri ezi nke ọrịa ahụ, yana mmepe ya na ihe ọ rụpụtara.

Usoro nyocha

Tupu ị gafee usoro iji nye onyinye ọbara iji chọpụta usoro nchịkwa, ị chọrọ ọzụzụ. Ọ dị mfe, n'ihi na ihe niile a chọrọ bụ ka ị ghara iri ihe oriri 3-4 awa tupu nyochaa ma wepụ ịṅụ mmanya. Okwesighikwa ịghara iji mmekpa ahụ na nchekasị eme ihe. A na-ewere ọbara ọbara maka ọmụmụ ihe ahụ.

Na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ, onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ ntanye na-etinye ihe ahụ na efere pụrụ iche, nke a na-etinye n'okpuru microscope. Ọzọkwa, a na-ekpebi usoro ọbara leukocyte, a na-ahụgharị aka ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri n'oge nyochaa ọbara ọbara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọtụtụ narị, nke mere na enwere ike kpebisie ike ịchọta usoro niile nke leukocytes. Nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ ikesa mkpụrụ ndụ dị n'elu. N'okwu a, nnukwu granulu na-etinye uche n'akụkụ ya, a na-etinyekwa ngụgụ dị n'etiti.

Mgbe mgbe, mgbe ị na-atụkọta mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha, a na-eji ụzọ abụọ dị mkpa:

• Usoro Shilling - nkedo nke na-ekewa ya na mpaghara anọ.
• Method Filipchenko - a na-ekeji otu okpukpu atọ.

Nhazi nke nsonaazụ ahụ ga-adị njikere mgbe ọtụtụ ụbọchị nyocha, ma dọkịta na-aga na nyocha ya ugbu a.

Nkọwa nke nsonaazụ

Ntughari nke usoro leukocyte kwesiri iduzi nani site na onye oru azuzu maka nke a. Ma, i nwere ike iji ihe ọnụ a tụnyere ọnụego. Ọtụtụ mgbe, mgbe a na-enyocha usoro ọbara leukocyte, a na-ekpebi mgbanwe ndị ahụ na ngụkọta ntuziaka. Ma ụfọdụ ụlọ ọgwụ gara usoro oge a wee jiri ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche - onye nyocha.

A, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na akpaka mode, ma bụrụ na nke a nkọ ndiiche si norm na ọkachamara ọrụ abatakwa. N'ihi na ha tụnyere, a na mmadụ nwere ike na-ele mkpụrụ ndụ 100-200, ngwaọrụ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ - a puku ole na ole. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na ngwá ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-enye ohere maka ihe ezi ngụkọta oge, njehie-apụghị izere ezere ime. Ọ nwere ike na-enwe mmetụta ọtụtụ ihe: na-ezighị ezi ọbara nlele, na-adịghị akwadebe iteto na ihe ndị ọzọ.

A na-agbanwe gaa n'aka ekpe

The okwu nnofega ke leukocyte usoro ekpe na-ezo aka elu ịta nke gbalaga neutrophils, na-egosi na eruba nke aza. O nwekwara ike ịbụ n'ihi na:

• Infectious ọrịa.
• Mebiri nke acid-alkaline itule.
• Amaghị onwe ya.
• Physical overexertion.

Yana-abawanye na ịta nke neutrophils na a ọbara abatakwa metamyelocytes nọmba (ma tozuru okè leukocytes).

Na a nke gbasiri ike, ha na-na na na-acha uhie uhie ụmị. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na a siri ike mkpali nzaghachi, kasị ike neutrophils ngwa ngwa anwụ anwụ. Na nke a, ụmị ọkpụkpụ nwere na-zigara lesion na-adịghị na-eto mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara.

Right mgbanwe nke usoro

Site definition leukocyte mgbanwe nri ghọtara belatara ọdịnaya nke ima neutrophils. Ma n'otu oge na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke segmented mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe esonyere-adịghị ala ala ọrịa imeju, ọrịa akụrụ, gụnyere megablasticheskuyu anaemia. Nke a nwekwara ike imetụta ọbara.

Mkpa nke leukocyte siri ike overestimate, n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime mgbanwe aa ke idem, na-eduga na ya nnofega. Ịta nke ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara na-amụba site na mbenata ichekwa nke ọzọ.

norm

Ka ugbua mara, ọ bụla ndiiche si norm na-egosi ịdị adị nke ịrịba mgbanwe ke idem. Nkịtị lymphocytes onu ogugu enwere ugbua 19-37% ma ọ bụ 1,2-3h109 pc / l .; neutrophil (segmented kpọmkwem) - 47-72% ma ọ bụ 2-5,5h109 pc / l. gbalaga neutrophils - 1-6% ma ọ bụ 0,04-0,3h109 pc / l. monocytes - 3-11% ma ọ bụ 0,09-0,6h109 pc / l. basophils - 0-1% ma ọ bụ 0-0,065h109 pc / l. N'ikpeazụ, ịta bụ 0.5-5% eosinophils ma ọ bụ 0,02-0,3h109 PC. / L.

Dabere na data nwetara site na nnyocha e mere results, dọkịta na-akwado ma ọ bụ na-ajụ a presumptive nchoputa. Ọ bụrụ na leukocyte mgbanwe adịghị mere, na ihe nile n'ime nkịtị nso, ya mere, ọ bụla na-echegbu onwe ha banyere adịghị adị.