Mkpebi siri ike nke ọkụ. Wildfires (ọhịa, peat), mkpebi siri ike

Ọkụ okobụp a oké ihe ize ndụ ndụ, ahụ ike na ihe onwunwe nke ndị mmadụ. Fire na ọdịdị na-emekarị-eme ọnọdụ nke ruo ogologo oge na oké unwu na ikuku na-eku ihu igwe. Ọkụ dajụọ n'ime oké ọhịa - a egwu onye iro nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe niile, ọ na-eweta nnukwu weere na mgbe ụfọdụ-eduga mmadụ tara. Peat ọkụ ime ka irreversible mmebi uwa, iji kpochapụ ndị na-esi nke ga-achọ ọtụtụ iri afọ. Isiokwu a ga-enye na definition nke "ọkụ", kwupụta echiche nke a onu na ọdịdị, karịsịa na ọhịa.

Mkpebi siri ike nke ọkụ

Fire - a combustion usoro nke karịrị akara, e nwere a pụrụ iche na-elekwasị anya, na-eme ihe mebiri na virus a ize ndụ iji ndụ mmadụ na ahụ ike. Nke a optionally oghe ire ọkụ, mgbe ụfọdụ, naanị emee incandescence na nrụrụ aka. The definition nke "ọkụ" nke echiche na-atụ aro na a combustion usoro bụ ike nke na onwe gbasara gabiga ebe, nke na-bu n'obi ozuzu na mmezi nke ọkụ.

Àgwà, ọ bụ n'aka na-eso nke a onu ka ndị a:

• ere ọkụ;
• gas mgbanwe;
• okpomọkụ.

Dabere na combustion ohere nhazi ọkwa ọkụ na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

• ulo oru;
• ezinụlọ ya;
• eke.

Amanyere bụ iwu ọnọdụ nke a ọkụ - bụ ndị a components:

• mgbanye isi iyi;
• oxidizer;
• combustible ihe ma ọ bụ bekee.

ọkụ mpaghara

Mkpebi siri ike nke ọkụ na-egosi na ndị dị otú ahụ a onu, n'agbanyeghị nke ya ụdị, na-ewe ebe na ụfọdụ ohere. Nke a na ebe nwere ike kere atọ zones:

• ifịk combustion mpaghara;
• thermal mmetụta mpaghara;
• anwụrụ ọkụ mpaghara.

ifịk ọkụ mpaghara - akụkụ a nke na ohere nke na-akpalikarị ma ọ bụ achasi red-ekpo ọkụ ihe onwunwe bụ ugbu ozugbo. Na ire (homogeneous) combustion nke ókè n'elu òkè a na-ewere enwu enwu ihe onwunwe na a mkpa oyi akwa nke ọkụ, nke glows. Ọ bụrụ na flameless combustion (heterogenous), nke a nkebi a kọwara n'elu na-egbukepụ egbukepụ red-ekpo ọkụ ihe.

Site na okpomọkụ na-emetụta mpaghara na-enye ohere gburugburu ifịk òkè nke combustion ebe okpomọkụ mgbanwe n'etiti n'elu ọkụ na juxtaposed ihe na owuwu. The okpomọkụ ebe a esịmde ụkpụrụ na-ize ndụ ndị mmadụ na gburugburu ebe. A onye nwere ike ịbụ na mpaghara ebe a na-enweghị pụrụ iche thermal nchebe.

Mpaghara nke anwụrụ ọkụ - a ohere nke bụ n'akụkụ aka na saịtị nke n'ebe okpomọkụ, na ebe ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịbụ na-enweghị a pụrụ iche anya nchebe na iku ume. N'ọnọdụ dị otú a n'ógbè edinam ọkụ ịghọta n'ihi enweghị nọchiri ihu.

Ndị na-esonụ definition e nyere ọkụ, nke pụtara na eke na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Mkpebi siri ike nke Wildfires

Nature (odida obodo), a ọkụ - a combustion usoro nke karịrị akara emee spontaneously na a na-ekesa na gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị dị otú ahụ a onu emee ya ruru ka a àmụmà iku, a meteorite ma ọ bụ mgbawa ugwu, ma isi ihe mere - ụmụ mmadụ ihe. N'ihi oku ogbugba ma ọ bụ akpachapụghị anya njikwa ọkụ na Wildfires ime. The definition nke a onu ọdịiche ndị a na ụdị oku:

• ọhịa ọkụ;
• steppe oku arrays;
• peat ọkụ na mgbanye nke organic ego na ya.

Otu n'ime ndị a umu, e nwere otu onye nke bụ kasị nkịtị, na-eweta nnukwu losses. Nke a oké ọhịa ọkụ.

Mkpebi siri ike nke oké ọhịa ọkụ

Forest ọkụ - a ọkụ ahịhịa, nke bụ amenable ịchịkwa na spontaneously agbasa n'usoro ebe.

Na-akpata nke a onu bụ abụọ:

• Natural ihe. Nke a nwere ike gburu site àmụmà ma ọ bụ n'amaghi combustion nke akọrọ ahịhịa ma ọ bụ peat.
• Anthropogenic ihe. Ndị a gụnyere ndị na-eme ihicha oku ogbugba, kpachaara anya ma ọ bụ na mberede mgbanye ma ọ bụ banal na-abụghị nnabata na nchekwa ụkpụrụ mgbe ejizi ọkụ.

N'oge, ohere na a wildfire ga-eme ruru ụfọdụ eke ihe, bụ mkpokọta 20%. The isi kpatara oké ọhịa ọkụ bụ ka ụmụ mmadụ anya.

Mkpebi siri ike nke na ọkụ, nke amama gburugburu n'ime oké ọhịa, na-atụ aro nhazi ọkwa dabeere na Mgbasa ike ọsọ na odidi nke ọkụ.

Nhazi ọkwa ịnọgide ike ọsọ

Otu ihe dị mkpa e ji mara ndị ọkụ bụ ha ọnụego nke proliferation. Dị ka nke a na-egosi, dị ọkụ na-nkewa dị ka ndị a:

• na-adịghị ike;
• ajụ;
• ike.

N'ihi na-adịghị ike oké ọhịa ọkụ e ji mara ịnọgide ike ọsọ nke adịghị gafere 3 mita kwa nkeji. Maka nkezi uru nke a index nke mgbanye dịgasị si 3 100 mita kwa nkeji. A siri ike n'oké ọhịa ọkụ na-ji a ịnọgide ike ọsọ n'elu 100 mita kwa nkeji.

The nhazi ọkwa nke ọdịdị nke ọkụ

Forest ọkụ dabere na ọdịdị nke ọkụ na-nkewa dị ka ndị a:

• grassroots;
• ịnyịnya;
• ala (peat).

Ground ọkụ - a ọkụ nke na-agbasa site na ala tiers nke osisi na osisi,-awụba n'oké osimiri, epupụta Alaka na dapụ. Otutu ignitions amalite na ụdị. Ọzọ, ike ụfọdụ ọnọdụ maka a ọhịa ọkụ na grassroots ghọọ a ịnyịnya ma ọ bụ na nzuzo.

Crown ọkụ - a ọkụ na-ekpuchi kanopi nke oké ọhịa. The ọkụ na nke a, na-agbasa kanopi nke osisi. Nke a na ụdị mgbanye-ahụkarị ugwu na oke ohia. Ntoputa nke okpueze ọkụ na-eme ka a siri ike ifufe.

The kpọmkwem definition nke a ọkụ nke na-adị n'ime ala n'okpuru oké ọhịa, a ga-enye ke ibuotikọ n'okpuru ebe a.

Peat ọkụ: Definition

Peat ọkụ - a ọkụ ma ọ bụ eke akọrọ peat bogs ruru ekpo oke ọkụ n'elu anyanwụ ma ọ bụ site na akpachapụghị anya njikwa ọkụ nwoke.

Ọzọkwa akpata ihe n'okpuru ala ọkụ nwere ike ibu a àmụmà iku ma ọ bụ a ịnyịnya na ala oku. Ha oku penetrates n'ime omimi nke peat oyi akwa nso mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi na osisi.

Peat ọkụ nwere ike ime n'ụdị a mfe ire ere mgbe dịghị mgbanye ma ọ bụ combustion n'ụdị mmadụ na-abata carbon dioxide. Dị otú ahụ phenomena ndị siri ike ịchọpụta. Ọtụtụ mgbe smoldering peat-eme ka a ala mkpụrụ nke anwụrụ ọkụ si na ala. Na-aga n'ihu usoro ala ọkụ nwere ike ime ka omume grassroots ugboro ugboro ignitions.

Peat ọkụ na-nkewa dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ na omimi nke apa-foci.

Nhazi ọkwa nke ọkụ

Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke foci peat ọkụ na-ekewa n'ime ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

• odnoochagovye;
• multifocal.

Odnoochagovye ala ọkụ ime na ikpe nke ụmụ mmadụ àmụmà ma ọ bụ akpachapụghị anya njikwa ọkụ a otu ebe. Multifocal kpụrụ ọtụtụ subsurface ihe combustion nke organic bekee.

Nhazi ọkwa nke peat ọkụ ọkụ ke omimi na-esonụ:

• na-adịghị ike;
• nkezi;
• ike.

Gentle peat-enwu ọkụ e ji omimi ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 25 sentimita. Nkezi ala ọkụ bụ ịdị ukwuu nke a index si 25 50 sentimita. N'ihi na a siri ike e ji mara nke omimi nke peat ọkụ karịa 50 sentimita.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọkụ, dabere na ebe mbido na-ekewa n'ime ulo oru mbo, ezinụlọ na eke. The ohere nke a ọkụ emee, a na-ekewa atọ zones: ifịk combustion, okpomọkụ na anwụrụ ọkụ ikpughe. N'aka nke ya, Wildfires n'ihu nkewa osisi na peat. Isi ihe mere ha omume bụ a mmadụ ọrụ. Mkpebi siri ike nke na ọkụ aa na a oké ọhịa, na-agụnye ndị ọzọ nhazi ọkwa site na Mgbasa ike ọsọ. Dabere na ọdịdị nke ọkụ, otú ahụ a onu nwere ike ịbụ grassroots, Horse na nzuzo. Peat ọkụ na-ekewa n'ime ụdị dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ na omimi nke apa-foci.