Mwube nke "beech": photos, firing nso. The arụmọrụ e ji mara Sam "Buk"

Taa, anyị ga-elekwasị anya na ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá agha dị ka dị ka agha usoro "Buk". Isiokwu a nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, otú ahụ ka anyị ga-atụle kpere technical n'akụkụ nke nke. Ka anyị gbalịa ịghọta a obere nke ihe kasị nke onwe-propelled Army agha-emegide ugbo elu usoro, matakwuo na ya kenkwucha oru na àgwà, na-agba iche iche, na obere, na ya niile na ikike. Ya mere, anyị na-akụ "Buk".

The akụkọ ihe mere eme

Mbụ ị chọrọ ikpebi na ebe nke echichi. Ọ bụ mbibi nke aerodynamic zaa efe na ọkara na ala karị na gbapụrụ ọsọ ruo 830 m / sec, na-achịkwa na 12 otu overloads na nsannsan 30 kilomita. Na dị na amuma nke USSR na ndị CPSU Central Committee on January 13, 1972 na malitere ya mmepe. Itinye Aka na a mkpokọta nke mmepe na Nsukka, bụ ndị na-e kere eke nke na mbụ Sam "Cube". N'otu oge anyị a họpụtara ndị ịzụlite mgbagwoju M-22, na-akpọ "Hurricane" maka Navy, eji rọketi, n'ụzọ zuru ezu dakọtara na "Buk".

Developers

Dị ka mmepe e kwuru: Research Institute of Instrumentation na Research na Design Association, nke nwere aha "Fazotron". Rastov A. A. họpụtara isi mmebe nke mgbagwoju. Nga loading echichi na e kere engineering KB "Malite", ebe ndú Yaskin A. I. crawler, n'otu maka mgbagwoju igwe, mepụtara Mytishchi igwe-ụlọ na osisi, nke e mere site Astrov N. A. 9M38 agba tasked ịzụlite Sverdlovsk ICD "innovator". nchọpụta ojii na, n'ezie, ezubere iche "Dome" na e kere Institute of ji atụ na nkenke ngwá nke Ministry of Radio. Iji maka "Buk" nwere ike ịbụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu arụmọrụ, ọ mepụtara a ngwugwu nke ụlọ ọrụ na oru nkwado na Chassis. Ẹkụre preparatory adọ e zubere maka nke abụọ nke 1975.

gbanwee atụmatụ

Mkpebi nke USSR na CPSU Central Committee of 22 May 1974, na anya nke na-mkpa n'ihi na a na-awụ ọsọ ike ikuku agbachitere armored nkewa na ụba shelf "Cube", nke bụ akụkụ nke nkewa, nyere iwu ka ike a mgbagwoju "beech" ná nkebi abụọ. Mbụ niile na ọ dị mkpa ka ngwa ngwa ịzụlite a na-achịkwa emegide ugbo elu agba na ọkụ onwe-propelled mgbagwoju, nke nwere ike na-agba ọsọ 9M38 agba, nakwa dị ka 3M9M3 ẹdude mgbagwoju "Gold-m3". Mgbe ahụ a na-adabere na anyị na-ike a "Buk" - agha usoro nke a ọgbọ ọhụrụ. Na na September 1974 iji hụ ya na-ekere òkè na nkwonkwo ọnwụnwa. Ma n'agbanyeghị nke a, na mbụ kara ama n'ụzọ zuru ezu kwetara na.

Fire onwe-propelled egbe 9A38

Ọ na-e n'ịnyịnya na Chassis nke GM-569, ma ọ bụ na a otu unit agwakọta ọrụ nke a onwe-propelled Pu m Surnov eji na "Gold-m3". Kere echichi 9A38 inye àgwà search na a nyere ndi oru, anamde nchọpụta na ụdi kpọọ nke zaa n'ihi na akpaka nsuso. ọ na-doziri nsogbu tupu mmalite, na-amalite na atọ homing akụ ụta, nke dị na ya, na ndị ọzọ na atọ 3M9M3-eduzi akụ ụta site mating ya 2P25M3 Pu. Fire ngwa nwere ike a ga-eji na-ma Surnov na autonomously. Ya ibu - 34 tọn. Ọ ẹkewetde Sam "Buk" nke: Rada 9s35; Digital Mgbakọ usoro; optically telivishọn reticle; Starter na ike servo draịva; Rada n'ala agba ajụjụ ọnụ, bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na "Password"; ngwá na SPU na Surnov; a gas tobaim generator; ngwá nghazi, topographical arịlịka ma igodo; ndụ-support usoro.

Function Rada 9S35

Kọwaa oge bukwanu ọganihu e kere eke nke quartz na n'ibu nyo e ruru, ngwa ndakwa nri ngwaọrụ, digital Mgbakọ igwe, nke kwere na Rada 9S35, akụkụ nke mgbagwoju "beech", ikpokọta ọrụ nke ìhè ụgbọ, nchọpụta na lekwasịrị nsuso. Ọ na-eji abụọ transmitters - usu na-aga n'ihu-efegharị efegharị, ya onwe-arụ ọrụ na sentimita wavelength nso. Otu transmitter ịchọpụta na-soro lekwasịrị, ndị ọzọ na - backlit mgbaru ọsọ ma na-achịkwa emegide ugbo elu agba. Mpi usoro enyocha ndi electromechanical n'ókè nwetara site nhazi rụrụ Central kọmputa. 9S35 mgbanwe oge, akụkụ nke Sam "Buk" site na njikere mode na ọgụ bụ ihe na-erughị iri abụọ sekọnd. nzube ike ọsọ kpebisiri na ihe ziri ezi nke 10 -20 m / s, si otú huu ha na-ahọrọ na a na-akpụ akpụ ala. .. Error: RMS ka tụrụ angular ahazi bụ 0,5 g na a kacha nọ nso - 175 mita. The ebe e echebe niile nọ n'ọrụ, jikọrọ na tụkọtara.

Anti-ụgbọelu agha 9M38

Nke a rọketi, nke bụ akụkụ nke Sam "Buck" mee siri ike-sọrọ-mode engine. N'ihi na mgbagwoju nke na Ngwuputa hapụrụ ojiji nke ebule. Ke adianade do, ọ nwere nnukwu iguzogide ụfọdụ, tumadi n'ezinụlọ akụkụ nke trajectory na na elu n'akuku nke agha ka a na-ejighị n'aka na-arụ ọrụ. N'ihi nke a, ihe e kere eke nke ndụ kwụsịrị Sam "Cube". agha atụmatụ bụ nkịtị, ọkọlọtọ, X ekara, na-enwe a ala akụkụ ruru nku. Ke akpa ilekiri ọdịdị ya yiri a ụgbọ mmiri emegide ugbo elu agba ezinụlọ "tartar" na "Standard" arụpụtara na USA na zuru nnabata ya na ókè na size maka Soviet Navy. N'ihu 9M38 enịm ngwá autopilot, semiactive GMN, warhead oriri na-edozi. E nweghị rọketi akụkụ, kewara na ụgbọ elu, ogologo ya - 5.5 mita, n'obosara - 400 mm, n'iru zaa - 860 millimeters. Ọ na-e onwem na a homing isi, nke nwere a management usoro jikọtara na ojiji nke proportional igodo. "Beech" - agha usoro enwe ndị dị otú ahụ a rọketi - ike kụrụ zaa efe na karị si 25 mita 20 000 na a nso nke atọ na ọkara 32 km, ya ọsọ - 1000 m / s. The agha nwere a arọ nke 685 kg, gụnyere 70 n'arọ warhead.

echichi ule "beech"

Mwube nke "Buk" site August 1975 na njedebe nke October ọzọ, ke 1976, na-agafe ala ule. O duuru ha Bimbash PS, ha na-rụrụ na ókèala Emba polygon. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na echichi nke "Buk" (foto nke ya na-anọchi anya na nnyocha) gụnyere: Surnov 1S91M3, ọkụ echichi 9A38, n'elu-to-ikuku agha 3M9M3 na 9M38, onwe-propelled Pu 2P25M3 na mmezi nke ígwè. N'ihi ya, ụfọdụ mmegharị e mere: a nso nke helicopters nchọpụta bụ 21-35 kilomita na ala karị, ụgbọelu - 32-41 km. Oge agha na igba egbe na oge nke lekwasịrị nchọpụta bụ 24-27 sekọnd. Nchaji oge na ịrụzu - itoolu nkeji. Imeri ugbo elu agha 9M38 e nyere: nsannsan 3,5-20,5 km - n'ebe ịdị elu nke n'elu 3000 mita, 5-15,5 km - na a dị elu nke 30 mita. Otụk ebe na N'ezie oke bụ 18.5 km n'ịdị elu - si 30 m ka 14.5 km. The puru ọkụ mmebi - 0,70-0,93 mgbe amalite a ụgbọala. Na 1978, osisi "Buk-1" ( "Cube-M4") e tinyere n'ime ọrụ.

Atụmatụ "Buck", iwu post

Anyị ugbu a na-mara ọtụtụ ihe-nkọwa banyere ewere njikere. Ọ bụ oge na otu ihe ndị kasị mkpa na otu ebe. Ya mere, anyị nwere a mgbagwoju "beech". Njirimara ya ọgụ akụ na-esonụ. 9S470 - iwu post n'ịnyịnya na GM-579 - na-enye a ngosi, n'ikuku na nhazi nke ihe niile data site na ụgbọ ezubere iche na nchọpụta, nakwa dị ka isii 9A310 - ọku onwe-propelled nkeji. Ọ na-enye a nhọrọ nke mkpa ize ndụ zaa na ha kwesịrị ekwesị nkesa na ntuziaka na akpaka ụdịdị n'etiti firing onwe-propelled nkeji, rụrụ ọrụ ha kwesiri ndi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa na-eme. Mgbagwoju "beech", ekele ntuziaka, na-arụ ọrụ ezi mgbe eji agba megide Rada na nnyonye anya. Team item 46 nwere ike hazie zaa n'ebe ịdị elu nke 20,000 mita na mpaghara na-enwe a dịpụrụ adịpụ ruo nke 100 000 m. Iji isii lekwasịrị egosi agbala kwa okirikiri review ojii. 28 tọn - arọ nke KP, nyere a-arụ ọrụ nke isii.

ezubere iche na nchọpụta ebe "Dome"

Anyị na-anọgide na-ekwu okwu banyere ihe na osisi "Buk". Atụmatụ "Dome" - ọzọ ogbo nke ya echiche. Nke a ojii nwere electronic doo ịgụ isiokwu na nrigo nke 30-40 degrees oru na a n'ibu adiana nke mpi maka a nyere azimuth. Nzube 9S18 - nchọpụta na njirimara nke zaa ke ikuku n'ebe ịdị elu nke 30 mita na 45,5 km, na a anya nke 120 kilomita. Mgbe ahụ, na ọnọdụ na ikuku ozi na-ebute site na gearbox 9S470. Dabere na set-oru nnyonye anya na e ikiri ọnụego hà 5-18 sekọnd na circumferential review na 2.5-4.5 sekọnd mgbe ndi oru nyochaa nke 30 degrees. Ebunye ndị nwetara ọmụma telecode akara n'oge nyochaa, bụ 4.5 sekọnd, na ego nke 75 akara. Ọ e mere na nchebe nke mmetụta, nzaghachi, asynchronous usu nnyonye anya. Ọzọkwa, n'agbanyeghị nke ọnụnọ nke na-echebe mkpọtụ na-achọpụta rụọ nsogbu n'ebe ịdị elu nke 5000 mita fighter. "Dome", nke-emegide ugbo elu mgbagwoju "beech", n'aka nke ya, gụnyere a rotator, mpi ọdụ, mpi nsuso ngwaọrụ, a ngwaọrụ nnata, na mgbasa na ngwaọrụ na ndị ọzọ na usoro. Na gbapụ ọnọdụ ọdụ na nkeji ise gafere site ejegharị ejegharị si oru - na 20 sekọnd.

Iche firing nrụnye 9A310 na 9A38

Mbụ nwụnye nke abụọ ( "beech-1"), ihe e ji mara na na-ekwurịta okwu site telecode edoghi adịghị onwe-propelled na Pu 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3, na ROM 9A39 na iwu post 9S470. 9A310 nwekwara anọ 9M38 achịkwa emegide ugbo elu agba na ya amalite ngwaọrụ, kama atọ. Ya Nchaji e rụrụ maka 12 na ọkara nkeji si ROM na 16 nkeji - si ụgbọ ala iga lọjistik. Arọ - 32.4 tọn, tinyere mmadụ anọ na-alụ ọgụ ndi oru ugbo. The obosara nke ọku onwe-propelled - 3.25 mita, ogologo - 9.3 m, elu - 3.8 mita. Ka anyị hụ ihe nke ihe kasị a mgbagwoju "beech". Na nke a foto, anyị ga-dị ka mgbe niile.

9A39 - amalite-loading echichi

Nke a ROM e arụnyere na Chassis nke GM-577. Nzube ya - nchekwa na njem nke na-achịkwa emegide ugbo elu agba - asatọ iberibe, anọ n'ime ha na ofu housings, anọ - na na-amalite na ngwaọrụ. ọ na-zubere maka mwepụta nke anọ akụ ụta, n'ihu onwe-ebukwasịkwa ha na lodgements, ụdi onwe-ebubo asatọ Tammy si ụgbọ ala iga ndokwa. N'ihi ya, "beech" - agha usoro, nke na-agwakọta ọrụ nke a ROM onwe-propelled Pu mbụ mgbagwoju "Cube" na TPM. Ọ gụnyere: akpali ngwaọrụ a nsuso actuator, lodgements, tap digital Mgbakọ igwe telecode nkwukọrịta ngwá, igodo, isọ-nsọ ọdịdị ala, ike nkeji na ike ọkọnọ. Unit ibu - 35,5 tọn, tinyere ngụkọta oge nke atọ, akụkụ: obosara - 3.316 mita, ogologo - 9,96 mita, na ịdị elu - 3.8 mita.

Ohere Sam "Buk"

Nke a mgbagwoju nwere elu ọgụ, mpụga na arụmọrụ tụnyere "cube-M4" na "Cube-m3" okụre. Ọ bụrụ na ọbụna dị nnọọ anya na ihe bụ echichi nke "Buck" foto nke ya na ogwe aka, na onye ọ bụla ga-aghọta ihe niile nke ike ya, nke nyere:

1. Good pụrụ ịdabere lekwasịrị nchọpụta n'ihi na eziokwu na haziri a nkwonkwo nyochaa nke gburugburu uwa na isii na onwe-propelled firing na-ezubere iche na nchọpụta ojii.
2. N'otu oge na isii ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na-agba battalion, na, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ma na-eji onwe ha nke ọku onwe-propelled nkeji - arụmọrụ ruo isii, nọọrọ onwe ọgụ ọzọ.
3. Strong nchedo nnyonye anya site n'iji onboard kọmputa homing isi na a pụrụ iche ụdị ìhè mgbaàmà.
4. N'ihi na ụba ike nke Sam (ya warhead) - nnọọ elu arụmọrụ mbibi nke na-efe efe zaa.

ọgwụgwụ

Site ịme ngosi uwe na ule results, a chọpụtara na nso ọnọdụ agbapụ "Buck" - si 3 na 25 kilomita na a elu nke ruo 18 kilomita na adị ruo 800 m / s. Na nke a ọ na-enye a qualitatively agha zaa ndị na-adịghị achịkwa. Puru nke meriri bụ 0.7-0.8 mgbe firing a eduzi agha na N'ezie mwube 18 kilomita. Ọ bụrụ na nzube nke na-achịkwa, na egbu puru bụ 0,6. On ogwe ntụ ozize agha mgbagwoju "beech" nakweere na 1980. Kemgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ ugboro rụrụ ya modernization, aka na ọgụ ike na nche.