Nhazi ọkwa, na ụdị na onodu ubochi ọdịda. Climate na ụdị nke ọdịda

Ụdị ihu igwe ọdịda ga-atụle n'isiokwu na nso njikọ na echiche nke "ihu igwe". Ọ bụ ndị a ọcha bụ isi ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle ọnọdụ nke a akpan akpan mpaghara.

Okwu ahụ bụ "ihu igwe" a pụtara a ala nke ikuku na a akpan akpan ebe. Formation nke ụdị ihu igwe, na-adịgide adịgide na-adabere na ọtụtụ ihe, nke nwere onwe ha iwu nke pụta ìhè. Otu ọnọdụ enweghị ike hụrụ n'ebe ụfọdụ. Ụdị ihu igwe ọdịda iche iche na niile kọntinent nke ụwa.

The idụhe nwere ike na-emetụta ihe ndị dị ka anyanwụ radieshon, ikuku nsogbu, iru mmiri na okpomọkụ, ọdịda, ifufe direction na ike cloudiness, enyemaka.

ihu igwe

Ogologo oge weather ihe nakawa etu esi - bụ idụhe. A ịrịba mmetụta ọ sụgharịrị ego nke anyanwụ okpomọkụ abanye ụwa elu. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adabere na elu nke anyanwụ na ehihie - ohere. Onye kasị ukwuu ego nke anyanwụ okpomọkụ natara na ụwa ka okporo osisi, a bara uru mbelata.

Ọ bụkwa ihe kacha mkpa emetụta weather, ọ bụ ibe àgwà nke ala na oké osimiri, nke-enye gị ohere igbunye mmiri na continental ụdị idụhe.

Marine (Oceanic) ihu igwe e ji mara nke oké osimiri, na agwaetiti na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri akụkụ nke Afrika. Nke a na ụdị pụta ụwa obere kwa afọ kwa ụbọchị fluctuations ikuku okpomọkụ ma na a ịrịba ego nke ikuku ọdịda.

Continental ihu igwe e ji continental zones. Egosi continental Chile na-adabere na nkezi kwa afọ ikuku okpomọkụ fluctuations.

Ọzọ emetụta ọnọdụ ihu igwe, ị nwere ike na-akpọ ya n'oké osimiri. Nke a na nduzi a na-egosipụta a mgbanwe nke ikuku uka okpomọkụ. Ha nwere onwe ha agwa ka mmiri ozuzo na ihu igwe nso oké osimiri.

Ọ bụ ikuku okpomọkụ - na-esonụ ihe na-akpata, onye mmetụta na ihu igwe na ihu igwe nwere nnọọ njikọ. Mgbanwe ọnọdụ ike thermal Ọnọdụ nke ikuku, akpụ elu na ala ikuku mgbali mpaghara. Sị na zones na-agafere ikuku uka. The dị iche iche ọdịdị okosobode ikuku uka Nleta ikuku n'ihu, nke e ji cloudiness, ọdịda, ifufe ọsọ ma na-amụba okpomọkụ mgbanwe.

A mgbagwoju na mmekọrịta nke n'elu ihe Nleta ụfọdụ n'ókèala ụdị ọnọdụ ihu igwe.

Igbunye ndị a ihu igwe na ụdị: Equatorial, ebe okpomọkụ mmiri udu, ebe okpomọkụ akọrọ, Mediterranean, subtropical akọrọ, ọnọdụ Maritime, ọnọdụ continental, agafeghị oke mmiri udu, subarctic na arctic ma ọ bụ Antarctic.

ihu igwe na ụdị. A nkenke nkọwa nke ihe nile ụdị ihu igwe

Equatorial ụdị e ji kwa afọ nkezi okpomọkụ n'ime + 26˚S, a otutu ọdịda ofụri isua, adịkwaghị ekpo ọkụ na iru mmiri ikuku pụta na-ekesa na Equatorial n'ógbè Africa, South America na Oceania.

Iche nke ọdịda bụ kpọmkwem dabere na mpaghara. N'okpuru ebe anyị na-atụle ụdị nke ihu igwe, nke e ji a okpomọkụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ụdị okpomọkụ

Weather gburugburu ụwa bụ nnọọ iche iche. Tropical mmiri udu idụhe ụdị nwere ndị na-esonụ e ji mara: okpomọkụ na January - + 20 ° C, na July - + 30ºC, 2000 mm oké mmiri ozuzo, na-adịkwaghị monsoons. Ọ bụ ebe nile na South na South-East Asia, West na Central Africa, Northern Australia.

Tropical kpọrọ nkụ ji January okpomọkụ + 12˚S, July - + 35 ° C, obere mmiri ozuzo n'ime 200 mm, ahia ifufe emeri. Kesaa North Africa, Central Australia.

Mediterranean ụdị ihu igwe nwere ike ji ndị na-esonụ parameters: okpomọkụ na January + 7˚S, na July + 22˚S; 200 mm mmiri ozuzo n'oge okpomọkụ mgbe elu ikuku mgbali agbasokarị Anticyclones na oyi - ajọ ifufe. Ekesa site Mediterranean idụhe ke Mediterranean, South Africa, Southwest Australia, Western California.

Okpomọkụ agụ akọrọ subtropical ihu igwe nso si 0˚S na January ka + 40 ° C na July, na ụdị idụhe mmiri ozuzo adịghị gafere 120 mm na ihe ikuku nke akọrọ adịkwaghị continental ikuku uka. Ókèala ndị mgbasa nke a ụdị ọnọdụ ihu igwe - esịtidem akụkụ nke kọntinent.

Ọnọdụ Maritime ihu igwe e ji dị otú ahụ na-egosi nke okpomọkụ si + 2 ° C na + 17˚S, ikuku ọdịda n'ogo nke 1000 mm, ya e ji westerly ifufe. Ọ-ekesa na ókèala ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'akụkụ nke Eurasia na North America.

Agafeghị oke continental idụhe na-egosi a dị ịrịba ama dị iche n'oge a kara aka okpomọkụ: -15˚S - + 20 ° C, ọdịda n'ime 400 mm, na njupụta nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ifufe ke n'ime akụkụ nke kọntinent.

Agafeghị oke mmiri udu-egosipụta nkọ ọdịiche na okpomọkụ -20˚S si January na July na + 23 ° C, ọdịda na 560 mm, ọnụnọ na njupụta nke mmiri udu ọwụwa anyanwụ Yurop.

Mgbe sub-Arctic okpomọkụ ihu igwe ụdị bụ na nso nke si -25˚S ka +8 ° C, ọdịda - 200 mm, na ihe ikuku mmiri udu predominance ebe - Eurasia na North America.

Arctic (Antarctic) ụdị, nke e nwere na ala okpomọkụ - -40˚S - 0˚S obere mmiri ozuzo - 100 mm Anticyclones - ekesa na continental mpaghara Australia na Arctic Ocean.

Anyị na-enyocha ụdị, na-emeri nnukwu ebe, kọwara dị ka nnukwu gburugburu ebe obibi. Tụkwasị na nke a nke ọma na-amụ meso- na microclimates na-emetụta dịtụ obere ebe anụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe.

Ihe kacha mkpa amata ụdị nke ihu igwe bụ qualitative na quantitative e ji mara na-ada na a nyere ebe ọdịda.

Ọdịda na ha ụdị. Weather na ihu igwe echiche

The Earth si ihu igwe abụghị edo, na bụghị ikpeazụ ọrụ na a na-egwuri site quantitative na qualitative shortfall na ọdịda n'elu ókèala. The ihe na nke ha na-adabere, na-ekpebi circuit. Iche nke ọdịda na-adabere na ndị na-esonụ ihe: na ọdịdị ahụ, ebe agụmakwụkwọ, ọdịdị nke ọnwụ, ebe nke si malite.

Ka anyị tụlee nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe.

The anụ ahụ e ji mara nke ọdịda

Ụdị ọdịda na-nkewa dị ka anụ ahụ ha ala:

1. Liquid, nke na-agụnye drizzle na mmiri ozuzo.
2. Solid - a na-agụnye snow, ọka, akụ mmiri ígwé.

• Rain - mmiri ụmụ irighiri mmiri. Bụ ihe kasị nkịtị ụdị ọdịda na dara si cumulonimbus na Nimbostratus n'ígwé ojii.
• Drizzle akpọ microscopic ụmụ irighiri mmiri nke mmiri si a dayameta nke a ole na ole hundredths nke a millimeter, falling nke stratus ma ọ bụ oké foogu na okpomọkụ n'elu efu.
• The kpagburuibe ụdị nke siri ike residues bụ snow, umu nke na-atụle snow na ice mkpụrụ ada si na ala okpomọkụ.
• Grad - ụdị ọzọ nke siri ike residues n'ụdị ice ahụ size of 5-20 mm. Nke a na ụdị ọdịda, n'agbanyeghị na ya Ọdịdị dara na-ekpo ọkụ oge.

Mmetụta nke seasonality na ọnọdụ ahụ nke ọdịda

Dabere na oge ọdịda dara ke ụfọdụ iche-iche. N'ihi na ọkụ oge e ji ndị na-esonụ ụdị: mmiri ozuzo, drizzle, igirigi, akụ mmiri ígwé. Na oyi ihu igwe, snow na o kwere omume, grits, ntu oyi, ntu oyi, ice.

Nhazi ọkwa nke ọdịda dabere na ebe agụmakwụkwọ

Na elu n'ígwé nke ikuku na-guzobere mmiri ozuzo, drizzle, akụ mmiri ígwé, barley, snow.

On n'ala ma ọ bụ nso n'ala - igirigi, ntu oyi, drizzle ice.

Uma nke ikuku ọdịda

Site na ọdịdị nke ihe ikuku ọdịda nwere ike kere n'ime drizzling na mmiri ozuzo na agbakwunyere, n'ebe nile. Ha ọdịdị na-adabere na ọtụtụ ihe.

Drizzling mmiri ozuzo na-ogologo na nwere a ala ike, oké ji akwa siri, ma obere oge, na-agbakwunyere, ebe nile na-agbụ agbụ osisi ike na-enweghị mberede fluctuations.

Ọdịdị na ego nke ọdịda, n'ezie, imetụta ọnọdụ ihu igwe a ụfọdụ ebe, nke n'aka nke na-emetụta n'ozuzu idụhe. Na ogbe ihe atụ, mmiri ozuzo nwere ike hụrụ naanị ọnwa ole na ole a afọ. The ike nke mmiri anyanwụ.

ihu igwe mmiri ozuzo

Climate na ihu igwe na ọdịda ụdị na-emetụtachaghị ọ bụla ọzọ. Ihe na-emetụta nkesa snow na mmiri ozuzo, bụ okpomọkụ, ije nke ikuku pụta, enyemaka na ya n'oké osimiri.

Equatorial idụhe mpaghara e ji kasị elu mmiri ozuzo n'ụwa. Nke a bụ eziokwu bụ n'ihi na okpomọkụ na elu ikuku iru mmiri.

Kewara n'ime akọrọ desert na iru mmiri okpomọkụ umu. The ụwa ihu igwe nwere nkezi oké mmiri ozuzo, nke bụ n'ime 500-5000 mm.

Mmiri udu ụdị e ji elu oké mmiri ozuzo, na-abịa site na oké osimiri. The ọnọdụ ihu igwe ebe a nwere ha periodicity.

Arctic bụ ogbenye na precipitates n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ala ikuku okpomọkụ.

Na ndabere nke ebe niile si malite iche iche nke ihu igwe ọdịda nwere ike kere n'ime:

• convection, nke ebukarịghị na ebe na-ekpo ọkụ climates, ma nwere ike ịbụ na ọnọdụ zones;
• n'ihu, kpụrụ na a nzukọ nke abụọ ikuku pụta dị iche iche okpomọkụ, nkịtị na ọnọdụ na oyi na-atụ ihu igwe na ụdị.

Iji ichikota

The Earth si ihu igwe, ọnọdụ ihu igwe e ji mara na ụdị nke ọdịda - isi banye n'eluigwe na anyị enyocha. Dabere na nke a anyị nwere ike ikwu na Earth - ọ bụ oké usoro, onye ọ bụla mmewere nke bụ kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ anọ na nduzi na ndị ọzọ. Nke a nghọta nke nke nke inye iwu na ojiji nke ike na-eru nso na tụlee ihu igwe na ụdị nke ọdịda dị ka a nọ nke mmasị na sayensị. Naanị na mbara-amụ ihe ndị a nwere ike ịbụ iji chọta ezi azịza ajụjụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Ọdịda, ikuku, ihu igwe na idụhe - niile ndị a echiche na-njikọ chiri anya. Na-amụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-atụ uche ọbụna otu nke ngalaba.