The mbụ nnọchiteanya nke alkenes - ethylene. The nkịtị Njirimara, nkwadebe, ojiji nke ethylene

Bright nnọchiteanya unsaturated hydrocarbons - ethene (ethylene). Physical Properties: colorless flammable gas, mgbawa ngwakọta na oxygen na ikuku. The ịrịba quantities nke ethylene si na mmanụ ala nwetara maka ụdi njikọ nke organic bekee (monohydric na dihydric alcohols, Polymers, acetic acid na ndị ọzọ na ogige).

Homologous usoro nke ethylene, sp ² hybridization

Hydrocarbons, yiri na Ọdịdị na Njirimara na ethene na-akpọ alkenes. Mere gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ ọzọ okwu maka otu a - olefins. The n'ozuzu usoro nke C _n H _2n egosiputa mejupụtara klas ahụ dum nke bekee. Mmalite na-anọchi anya - ethylene, na molekul nke carbon atọm etolite bụghị atọ ma na abụọ O-nkwurịta okwu na hydrogen. Alkenes - unsaturated ma ọ bụ unsaturated ogige nke usoro C ₂ H _4. Na-agwakọta ke ụdị nke ike na naanị 2 p- na s-1 carbon atọm, na elektrọn ígwé ojii, atọ nile O-ekara njikọ. A na ọnọdụ a na-akpọ sp2-hybridization. The anọ valency nke carbon nọgidere na molekul emee π-nkekọ. Na bughi usoro nke ihe owuwu e ji mara na-apụta ìhè. Ma akara na-egosi dị iche iche nke nkwurịta okwu na ihe osise na-na-na-eji otu - dashes ma ọ bụ ntụpọ. ethylene Ọdịdị akowa ya mmekọrịta-arụ ọrụ bekee nke dị iche iche ọmụmụ. Accession mmiri na ndị ọzọ ahụ na-adị n'ihi na-agbawa nke ejighị n'aka π-agbụ. Atọhapụ valences na-jupụta ruru ka electrons nke oxygen, hydrogen, halogens.

Ethylene: nkịtị Njirimara nke okwu

Ethene n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ (ikuku nsogbu na a okpomọkụ nke 18 Celsius C) - colorless gas. Ọ nwere sweet (mkpa) ísì ụtọ, ọ na-akpa na inhalation narcotic mmetụta ụmụ mmadụ. Solidifies na -169,5 ° C, na-agbaze n'otu okpomọkụ ọnọdụ. Juda ethene na -103,8 Celsius C. Ignites mgbe ewe iwe ka 540 Celsius C. Gas ọma udo, luminous ire ọkụ na ala soot. Ethylene e etisasịwo ke ether na acetone, nke ukwu obere - na mmiri na mmanya. Ahazi ezengwenri uka bekee - 28 g / ahumachi. The atọ na nke anọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke homologous usoro nke ethene - nwekwara gaseous bekee. The nkịtị Njirimara nke ise na nke ndị na-esonụ alkenes dị iche iche, ha na-mmiri na solids.

Nkwadebe na Njirimara nke ethylene

German mmiri ọgwụ Iogan Beher mmadụ na mberede na-eji mmanya na nnwale na ndọpụ igirigi ibu sulphuric acid. Ya mere ethene mbụ nwetara na laabu (1680). Ke n'etiti ndị XIX narị afọ AM Butlerov nyere aha compound, ethylene. Physical Njirimara na chemical Jeremaya mere nakwa na e kọwara mara Russian mmiri ọgwụ. Butlerof chọrọ bughi usoro egosiputa Ọdịdị nke okwu. Ụzọ ya nkwadebe na laabu:

1. Catalytic hydrogenation nke acetylene.
2. Dehydrohalogenation chloroethane site mmeghachi omume na a itinye mmanya ngwọta nke a siri ike isi (alkali) na kpo oku.
3. Mkpochapu mmiri si ụmụ irighiri nke ethyl mmanya (akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ). Ọ na-ewe a mmeghachi omume n'iru na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid. Ya akụkụ: H2C-CH2-OH → H2C = CH2 + H2O

The ulo oru mmepụta:

• ejegharịrị - cracking na pyrolysis nke hydrocarbons;
• dehydrogenation nke ethane na ọnụnọ nke a mkpali. H ₃ C-Kra ₃ → H ₂ C = Kra ₂ + H ₂

ethylene Ọdịdị na-akọwa ya ahụkarị chemical Jeremaya mere - accession ahụ C atọm, nke bụ na abụọ nkekọ:

1. Halogenation na gidrogalogenirovanie. The ngwaahịa ndị a Jeremaya mere na-halogenated.
2. The hydrogenation (saturation hydrogen), na njikere nke ethane.
3. Ọxịdashọn na diol nke ethylene glycol. Ya usoro: OH-H2C-CH2-OH.
4. Polymerization dị ka atụmatụ: n (H2C = CH2) → n (-H2C-CH2-).

Ebe nke ngwa nke ethylene

Site fractional distillation nke mmanụ ala na nnukwu mpịakọta nwetara ethylene. The nkịtị Njirimara, Ọdịdị na chemical ọdịdị nke ihe onwunwe ekwe na ya iji na mmepụta nke ethanol, halogenated alcohols, oxide, acetic acid na ndị ọzọ na ogige. Ethene - polyethylene monomer, na-amalite ihe polystyrene.

Dichloroethane nke a kwadebere si ethene na chlorine, bụ ezi mgbaze-eji na mmepụta nke polyvinylchloride (ịkwanyere). Polyethylene nke ala na elu nsogbu na-emepụta ihe nkiri, ọjà, efere, polystyrene - ikpe maka CD-ROM mbanye na nkọwa ndị ọzọ. Ịkwanyere - bụ ihe ndabere nke linoleum, raincoats. Na ugbo, ethene esichara mkpụrụ tupu owuwe ihe ubi ka mee ngwangwa chaa.