Ntọhapụ nke Belarus (1944). Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya

Mgbe Stalingrad na Kursk ntopute N'ezie nke World War II e mesịrị merie, na Red Army wee malite ibuso n'ihi na ala ha. Ewetara-eru nso ọgwụgwụ nke World War II. Mgbe Belarus bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa na ụzọ mmeri.

oyi na-anwa

The mgbalị mbụ ịtọhapụ Belarus e mere na oyi 1944. The iwe na ntụziaka nke Vitebsk malitere na n'oge February, ma ọ dịghị kpuwere ya ihe ịga nke ọma: ọganihu siri ike ma na a ọkara ọnwa ike amụ naanị iri kilomita.

M Byelorussian Front, ejikwara na Minsk na Bobruisk direction, ihe wee a bit mma, ma ka anya site amamiihe. Ebe a na-agha malitere ọbụna tupu mgbe ahụ, na mmalite nke January, na-ama nke 14 e Mozyr na Kalinkovichi. Site n'oge spring, Soviet agha gafere Dnieper, ndị Nazi merie 20-25 km ebe.

Ya mere unhurried tupu nke Red Army ike-atụle karịsịa ihe ịga nke ọma, ya mere, na n'etiti spring High Command kpebiri eyigharị-akpasu ya iwe. The agha iwu iji nweta a foothold na-arụ ọrụ na-eche maka mma ugboro.

N'ụzọ dị iche na Belarusian direction, a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu mkpọsa nke oyi na mmiri nke 1944 bụ nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma: n'ebe ndịda onu nke n'ihu gafere ókè, agha ndị a lụrụ n'èzí USSR. Bad ihe wee na-edere edere mpaghara nke n'ihu: Soviet agha ndị ike nweta na mmepụta nke Finnish War. N'ihi na n'oge okpomọkụ ntọhapụ nke Belarus e zubere, na Baltic mba na Ukraine zuru inning.

ọchịchọ

The n'ihu akara ke BSSR bụ a direction n'ebe Soviet Union aak (protrusion nkpirikpi) ogologo 1100 km. Na n'ebe ugwu na ọ na-ejedebeghị na Vitebsk, n'ebe ndịda - Pinsk. Inside aak, a na-akpọ Soviet General ọrụ, "na-Belarusian ntule", guzo German agha - a otu "Center", gụnyere atọ tank, 2nd, 4th na 9 agha.

The German iwu nyere ha ọnọdụ ke Belarus oké usoro mkpa. Ha na-gwara iji chebe-efu, ya mere, ntọhapụ nke Belarus bụghị a cakewalk.

Karịsịa na opupu ihe ubi nke 1944, Onye Ndú na-eche agha ahụ furu efu, na-akasi obi m na-enwe olileanya, kwere na ọ bụrụ na ndị uloanumaanu maka oge, na mmekota ga-ada iche, mgbe ahụ, Soviet Union chịlie aka elu, ike agwụ site ogologo agha.

Mgbe a na usoro nke ọgụgụ isi arụmọrụ na-enyocha ọnọdụ, na Wehrmacht kpebiri ichere maka nsogbu anya ndị a si Ukraine na Romania: iji na-ama agbapụtawo n'ókèala, na Red Army emeso a ndinuak igbu, na ọbụna daa mbà Germany putara ighe mkpa ubi nke Ploiesti.

Eduzi ndị a echiche, ndị Germany wetara n'ebe ndịda isi ike, na-arụ ụka na ntọhapụ nke Belarus bụ eleghi anya na-amalite ka anya, ọ dịghịkwa ihe na ala nke onye iro agha ma ọ bụ obodo ọnọdụ na niile enweghị ọgụ.

megharịa ha anya

USSR ọma nọgidere na-enwe iro ndị a nkwenkwe ụgha. Na Central oru wuru ụgha chebe onwe, 3rd Ukrainian Front strenuously ṅomie ije nke iri bipu nkewa, kere nro na armored nkeji guzo ke Ukraine, na-anọgide na-ebe, mgbe n'ezie na ha na-ngwa ngwa na-bugara akụkụ nke akara nke agha . Ekenịmde ọtụtụ wayo mkpachapụ iji ụgha agwa ndị iro, ma na dịgodị na agbasosi nzuzo na-akwadebe ihe na ime "Bagration": ntọhapụ nke Belarus bụghị n'ebe dị anya.

On May 20, na General Staff dechara atụmatụ nke mkpọsa. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị Soviet High Command na-atụ anya iji nweta ndị na-esonụ ebumnobi:

• inupụ azụ ndị iro si Moscow;
• nkpirikpi n'etiti iche iche Nazi ụsụụ ndị agha na-anapụ ha okwu ọ bụla ọzọ;
• inye a isi n'ihi na deposition nke ụdi metụtara ndị iro ha.

Iji ihe ịga nke ọma, na-Belarusian iwe ọrụ ọma zubere, n'ihi na nke ya pụta dabeere nke ukwuu: a mmeri meghere ụzọ Warsaw, ya mere na Berlin. The mgba chere ihu a oké njọ, n'ihi na iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ọ dị mkpa ka:

• iji merie onye iro dị ike e wusiri ike usoro
• ịmanye isi osimiri;
• ogide usoro ọnọdụ;
• na nke kasị nso akara ịtọhapụ si Nazi Minsk.

The mma plan

22 na 23 Ka atụmatụ a tụlere na òkè nke Front isi onye wee akụkụ ke ọrụ, na na 30 Ka ọ nọ na-akpatre mma. Dị ka ya, ọ e chere:

• "Perforate" ndị German chebe onwe isii ebe, iji anya ọgụ na iku ike;
• Ime iche iche na Vitebsk na Bobruisk, nke jere ozi dị ka a ụdị "nku" nke Belarusian riiji;
• mgbe ezumike ịga n'ihu na a ezukọ ụzọ na-na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka nnukwu onye iro agha.

Ihe ịga nke ọma, mmejuputa iwu nke atụmatụ n'ezie na-etinye njedebe nke Wehrmacht agha na mpaghara a na-enyere ndị zuru ntọhapụ nke Belarus: 1944 e kwesịrị gwụsịa ọha mmekpọ ọnụ hlebnuvshie dị egwu nke agha kasị zuo ezuo.

Isi sonyere na ihe a mere

Ke isi na-akpasu iwe idem agha Dnieper Flotilla na anọ asakde iso ese: 1st Baltic na atọ Belarusian.

O siri ike overestimate oké ọrụ na-egwuri na mmejuputa arụmọrụ okpuru nkeji: enweghị ka ha mepụtara ije nke Belarus ntọhapụ site na onye fasizim mwakpo eleghị anya ga-ewe ihe ndị ọzọ oge na mgbalị. N'oge na-akpọ okporo ígwè agha partisans jisiri ịfụ fọrọ nke nta 150 puku rails. Nke a, n'ezie, ukwuu sikwuoro ndụ nke ndị mwakpo, ma ka na-na-malitere n'okpuru ụgbọ okporo ígwè derailed, ebibi crossings, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nkwurịta okwu ma na-eme ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nwere obi ike nọ diversions. The partisan ije na Belarus bụ ike kacha ike na Soviet Union.

Mgbe ọ na-mepụtara "Operation Bagration", karịsịa ike kwere ozi nke 1st Belorussian Front n'okpuru Rokossovsky. Na mpaghara nke Bobruisk direction nnọọ ọdịdị, ọ bụghị iyi eme ka ihe ịga nke ọma - na nke a dị elu iwu na onye na-na akụkụ nke ọzọ bụ kpamkpam olu. Na na, n'ezie, ọgụ iji tankị site agaghi aga swamps - a nsogbu, na-etinye ya mildly, o siri ike na-apụtakarị. Ma Marshal siri ọnwụ ndị Germany na-atụ anya na onye agha na nke a n'akụkụ, n'ihi na nke ịdị adị nke marshes mara bụghị njọ karịa nke anyị. Ọ bụ ya mere iku ga-akwado site na ebe a.

Nke itule nke agha

Asakde iso ese abuana ke mkpọsa e budata sikwuo ike. The ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-arụ ọrụ nke egwu ma nke akọ na uche: na nkwadebe e rụrụ ọtụtụ ihe ndị na ngwá na ndị - niile na ngakọrịta nke agbasosi nzuzo.

Ebe ọ bụ na ndị Germany kpebiri itinye uche ya agha na ndịda òkè nke Red Army na-emegide ndị German Army Group "Center" nwere ọtụtụ ugboro ole na ole ndị mmadụ. Against 36.400 Soviet egbe na ogbunigwe - 9500 megide 5200 tankị na onwe-propelled egbe - 900 tankị wakpo egbe, megide 5300 nkeji nke agha ụgbọelu - 1350 ugbo elu.

Mmalite oge nke ịwa ahụ ahụ nọ na-a anya na-eche nche na nzuzo. Ruo kpọmkwem oge ndị Germany na-adịghị nwetụrụ echiche banyere forthcoming mkpọsa. Ị nwere ike were ihe a ọgba aghara bilitere mgbe n'isi-ututu June 23 ọrụ "Bagration" emesịala amalitela.

Kamse maka Ndú

Promotion nke asakde iso ese na agha agaghị edo. Dị ka ihe atụ, mmetụta ike nke 1st Baltic (4th Army) nweghị ike etipịa onye iro na onye na-ewe oké iwe onslaught. N'ihi na ụbọchị ịwa ahụ na ọ bụ nwee ike imeri naanị 5 km. Ma nke isii-eche ha nche na iri anọ na atọ agha uba ọchị: ha "adụ" onye iro chebe onwe na ije Vitebsk si n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. The Germany ngwa ngwa gbaghachi azụ, na-ahapụ banyere 15 km. Na iro ozugbo idei mmiri ahụ tankị nke 1st agha.

3rd Belorussian Front agha nke 39th na 5th agha Vitebsk emebiwo site n'ebe ndịda, na o siri ike chọpụtara Luchesa osimiri wee na-akpasu ya iwe. Esi mmiri ọkụ mechie ya onwe ya: n'ubọchi mbu nke ọrụ, ndị Germany nwere naanị otu ohere agbanahụ gburugburu ebe obibi: dvadtsatikilometrovaya nke a "korido" obosara, adịteghị, n'ọnyà iwe tọgbọ mechie n'ime obodo Ostrovno.

Na Orsha direction of Soviet agha na mbụ na-eche a ọdịda: German chebe onwe na mpaghara ebe a anọwo nnọọ ike, na onye-iro-emecha ọjọọ na competently gbachiteere ikpe. Mgbalị ka onwe ndị Orsha e mere na January na-emezughị. N'oge oyi, agha furu efu, ma ghara ida agha: "Operation Bagration" doo ụlọ maka ọdịda.

11-nke na 31-nke ndị agha ji ụbọchị taa si, na-esi na abụọ akara nke German agbachitere. Ka ọ dịgodị, 5th Panzer Army nọ na-eche na nku: na ihe banyere nke a nke ọma itunanya na Orsha direction ya meghere ụzọ Minsk.

2nd Belorussian Front were were na ihe ịga nke ọma na-aga n'ihu na Mogilev. Site na njedebe nke ụbọchị mbụ nke na-alụ ọgụ na mkpọsa na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Dnieper jisiri weghara a ọma foothold.

June 24 na ime iji tọhapụ Belarus na malitere maka 1st Belorussian Front, nke na-ewe ya ọgụ ozi: ịkwaga na ntụziaka nke Bobruisk. Mgbe ahụ na-atụ anya a na anya agha ka inwoghara na zuru: ka, na n'akụkụ nke a nke Germany anaghị atụ anya na nsogbu. ha agbachitere akara e gbasasịa, ole na ole.

Na Parichi ebe naanị iku otu mebiri 20 km - na iro ozugbo jiri nwayọọ tankị nke First-eche ha nche agha. Ndị Germany na-alaghachi azụ ka Bobruisk. Achụ ha, na avant-garde apụtawo ìhè n'ihu June 25 na ná mpụga obodo ahụ.

N'ihe banyere Rogachev district mbụ ọnọdụ ahụ abụghị Rosy: onye-iro fiercely guzogidere, ma mgbe ntụziaka nke igbu jụrụ n'ebe ugwu, ihe na fun. N'ụbọchị nke atọ mgbe mmalite nke arụmọrụ nke Soviet Germany ghọtara na ọ bụ oge gbapụ, ma akaha: ndị Soviet tankị nọrịị miri emi na onye iro n'azụ. June 27 ọnyà mechie. Ọ tụgharịrị na-ọzọ karịa isii nkewa nke onye iro, nke ụbọchị abụọ e bibiri kpam kpam site na.

ịga nke ọma

Mmalite bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa. June 26, Red Army tọhapụ Vitebsk, 27, mgbe di ọku na-alụ ọgụ ndị Nazi ka ekpe Orsha, 28, Soviet tankị bu ugbua na Borisov, bụ onye ike kpamkpam dị ọcha na July 1st.

Near Minsk, Vitebsk na Bobruisk e gburu 30 iro nkewa. 12 ụbọchị mgbe mmalite nke ọrụ, Soviet agha merela agadi 225-280 km, otu jerk agbasa ọkara nke Belarus.

Ndị dị otú ahụ a na mmepe nke ihe Wehrmacht adịghị njikere, na iwu ozugbo na otu "Center" agha nnọọ na n'usoro hiere ụzọ. oge efu ije ọtụtụ awa, na mgbe ụfọdụ - na nkeji. Na mbụ, ọ bụ ka ike na-ezere encirclement, n'itinyekwu azụ na oge osimiri. Berezina na-eke ebe a ọhụrụ akara nke na-azara ọnụ. O yighị ka ọ na nke a ntọhapụ nke Belarus ga-ewere ọnọdụ na ọnwa abụọ. Ma Field Marshal W. Bush wee kwuo na oge. Ma okwukwe ya na infallibility nke agha mgbawa, Hitler nọ siri nnọọ ike, na n'ebe ahụ eleda ike nke onye iro, ma ọ bụ a fanatical esonụ iwu nke Hitler "iji chebe Belarusian protrusion mgbe ọ bụla na-eri" na-emebi ya agha. 40 puku ndị agha na ndị ọrụ nche, nakwa dị ka 11 German ọchịagha onye nwere n'ọkwá dị elu, e mkpọrọ. N'ihi bụ, hoo haa, ihere.

Eju site Mmeri nke onye iro, ndị Germany malitere feverishly iji mezie ọnọdụ: Bush a chụpụrụ na Belarus malitere sere ọzọ njikọ. Ịhụ na-emekarị, na Soviet iwu chọrọ ngwa ngwa ma na-Minsk dịghị mgbe e mesịrị ka July 8th. The atụmatụ e karịa nke 3 nke isi obodo nke Republic a tọhapụrụ, na a nnukwu ike nke Germany (105,000 ndị agha) n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo - gbara ya gburugburu. The ikpeazụ mba nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha hụrụ ná ndụ m, ghọrọ Belarus. 1944 anakọtara ha ọbara owuwe ihe ubi :. 70 puku ndị e gburu na banyere 35 puku aghaghị isi gafee n'okporo ámá nke cheering nke Soviet isi obodo .. onye iro n'ihu gaped rents kpụrụ a nnukwu 400 kilometa ọdịiche bụ ihe ọ bụla liquidate. The Germany ọsọ.

Abụọ ogbo ọrụ

"Ọrụ Bagration" gụnyere nkebi abụọ. The mbụ malitere na 23 June. N'oge a, ọ dị mkpa imebi site onye iro usoro n'ihu, flanking ike ebibi ndị Belarusian riiji. asakde iso ese etiwapụ e ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ezukọ, uche n'otu ihe na map. Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma nke nsogbu agbanweela: ọ dị mkpa ngwa ngwa hụ na-achụ ndị iro na-agbaji ndọtị e. July 4 na General Staff nke USSR gbanwere mbụ plan, si otú na-emecha nke mbụ na-adọ nke mkpọsa.

Kama nke ezukọ diverging ụzọ n'ihu maka: 1st Baltic Front kwagara n'ebe Shaul, 3rd Belarus ga ịtọhapụ Vilnius na Lido, 2nd Belorusski n'ihu maka Navahradak, Grodno na Belostok. Rokossovsky wee na ntụziaka nke Baranovichi na Brest, na okokụre ikpeazụ, m bịara Lublin.

The abụọ na-adọ nke ịwa "Bagration" malitere on 5 July. Soviet agha wee na ha ngwa ngwa tupu. Site ufọt ufọt n'oge okpomọkụ vanguards asakde iso ese malitere ịmanye Neman. Isi bridgeheads na-jide na na Vistula River. Narev. July 16 Red Army nwere Grodno na 28 - Brest.

August 29 ọrụ e dechara. Na-abịa na ọhụrụ ihe iji mmeri.

The usoro mkpa

Na ya akporo "Bagration" bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu ụzọ na-akpasu iwe mkpọsa. Total ntọhapụ nke Belarus ẹkenịmde maka 68 ụbọchị. 1944, n'ezie, na-etinye njedebe nke na-arụ nke mba. Na ikpe agbapụtawo ókèala ndị Baltic States, Soviet agha gafere ókè ma nwere akụkụ nke Poland.

The na mmeri nke ndị dị ike ìgwè nke ụsụụ ndị agha "Center" bụ oké agha na-emeri na ịga nke ọma. Ọ e bibiri 3 brigades na 17 nkewa iro. 50 nkewa efu ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị nọ na ya. Soviet agha ruru East Prussia - overarching German eche nche.

Ọ mee ka ihe ịga nke ọma pụta ọrụ iwe na ndị ọzọ ntụziaka, nakwa dị ka oghere nke abụọ n'ihu.

N'oge German arụmọrụ dịrị weere nke ihe dị ka ọkara nde mmadụ na (gburu, merụọ na mkpọrọ). USSR tara ahụhụ dị oké njọ weere na ego nke 765 815 ndị mmadụ (178,507 gburu, 587.308 merụọ). Soviet agha gosiri na ọrụ ebube nke heroism iji ebe ahụ ntọhapụ nke Belarus. Year nke ọrụ, Otú ọ dị, dị ka dum oge nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ bụ a oge nke ezi mba nweta. The Republic nwere a plurality nke ncheta na ncheta. Na nke 21 kilometa nke Moscow okporo ụzọ wuru Milo Otuto. Ncheta okpu mkpọmkpọ na-anọchi anya anọ bayoneeti anọchi anọ n'ihu ndị rụrụ mkpọsa.

The uru nke a local mmeri nke ukwuu, na ndị ọchịchị Soviet na-aga igosi a nrite maka ntọhapụ nke Belarus, ma mgbe ahụ, ọ dịghị mgbe o mere. Ụfọdụ osise awards na-echekwara na Minsk Museum nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya mere eme.