Oghere ọrụ. The mmadụ anya: Structure

The mmadụ anya - bụ a mgbagwoju ngwa anya usoro, onye ọrụ na-ekesa nri image na optic akwara. The mmiri nke ngwa nke ọhụụ - a fibrous, vaskụla, ntupu shei na esịtidem Ọdịdị.

Fibrous n'ọbọ - a cornea na sclera. Site cornea nke refracted ìhè ụzarị ada n'ime ndị ngwa nke ọhụụ. Opaque sclera anamde etiti akụkụ na nwere a na-echebe ọrụ.

Ọ na-adị site na choroid ọbara anya oriri na-edozi, nke nwere nri na oxygen.

N'okpuru cornea bụ iris, nke na-enye anya na agba mmadụ. Na etiti nke nwa akwụkwọ bụ ike ịgbanwe size dabere na ọkụ. N'etiti cornea na iris bụ okenye ọchị, nke na-echebe ndị na ụmụ nje si cornea.

The esote nke choroid a na-akpọ ciliary ahụ, n'ihi na nke e nwere a mmepe nke intraocular ọmụmụ. The choroid bụ kpọmkwem na kọntaktị na retina, ma na-enye ya ike.

Retina ka elu ọtụtụ n'ígwé nke akwara mkpụrụ ndụ. Site na nke a, ahụ na-nyere nghọta nke ìhè na image guzobere. Mgbe na e nwere nyefe nke ozi site na optic akwara ụbụrụ.

The n'ime akụkụ nke ahụ mejupụtara a n'ihu ma n'azụ-ulo jupụtara a uzo mmiri mmiri intraocular, oghere na vitreous ọchị. Vitreous ka gelled anya.

Otu ihe dị mkpa akụrụngwa nke mmadụ visual usoro - a oghere. oghere ọrụ - enye ike ophthalmic Gbasara Anya. Ọ na-enyere aka na-ahụ dị iche iche ihe dokwara ọma. Ugbua na 4th izu nke ẹmbrayo amalite na-etolite oghere. Structure na ọrụ, nakwa dị ka ọrụ ma ya ekwe omume ọrịa anyị ga-n'isiokwu a.

Ọdịdị

Nke a, ahụ dị ka a biconvex oghere, n'ihu ma n'azụ na-ebupụta nke a nwere dị iche iche curvature. The Central akụkụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ha - a osisi na ejikọrọ axis. axis ogologo nke dị 3.5-4.5 mm. Ma na-ebupụta na-sonyeere tinyere ngwe, nke a na-akpọ ụwa. Adult nwere akụkụ anya oghere ngwa anya 9-10 mm, ọ na-ekpuchi n'elu uzo Capsule (ihu bag) n'ime nke na e nwere a oyi akwa nke epithelium. Na-abụghị akụkụ na-emi odude posterior Capsule, ọ na-adịghị dị otú ahụ a oyi akwa.

Ekwe omume nke ocular oghere epithelial cell ibu hụrụ na mgbe niile mụta nwa. Akwara endings, ọbara arịa, lymphoid anụ ahụ si oghere na-adịghị, ọ bụ kpamkpam epithelial guzobere. Na nghọta nke ahụ na-emetụta ndị chemical mejupụtara nke intraocular ọmụmụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ndị mejupụtara na-gbanwere, ọ bụ omume clouding nke oghere.

The mejupụtara nke oghere

The mejupụtara nke ahụ a na-esote - 65% mmiri, 30% protein, 5% nke lipids, vitamin na dị iche iche na inorganic bekee na ogige, na enzymes. Basic protein - ọ crystallin.

ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe

Lens anya - a anatomical Ọdịdị nke ahụ ihu nke nke anya, na-ejikarị ya kwesịrị ịbụ zuru okè. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke oghere - n'ilekwasị gosipụtara ìhè ụzarị si ihe na macular ebe. The image na retina anya doro anya, ọ ga-uzo. Mgbe ìhè dara na retina, ihe electric usu, nke dara site na optic akwara na visual center nke ụbụrụ. The ọrụ nke ụbụrụ - ịkọwa ihe n'anya-ahụ.

oghere ọrụ

The ọrụ nke oghere na ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro nke a onye dị oké mkpa. Mbụ niile na ọ nwere a ìhè ndu ọrụ, ya bụ, ọ na-enye ohere Itie ìhè eruba na retina. The ìhè-transmissive oghere na ọrụ na-nyere site na ya nghọta.

Ke adianade do, ndị gị n'ụlọnga e ifịk ke agbasa nke ìhè na nwere a ike nke banyere 19 diopters. N'ihi na oghere nyere site ịrụ ọrụ nke accommodative usoro site nke spontaneously eji na-elekwasị anya nke anya image.

Nke a ahụ na-enyere anyị mfe anya anya ihe ndị na-nso na-enweta site na-agbanwe agbanwe Refractive ike nke nwa anya. Na Mbelata muscle emep uta eri, nke daputara oghere, e nwere a ọnụ ke erughị ala nke Capsule na mgbanwe ke udi nke ngwa anya oghere nke anya. Ọ na-aghọ ndị ọzọ convex, si otú doro anya na anya enịm nso akpọkwa. Mgbe muscle-eme ka, na oghere na-aghọ ewepụghị, ọ na-enye ohere ị na-ahụ ihe dị n'ebe dị anya.

Ke adianade do, oghere bụ a nkebi na-ekewa anya n'ime ìgwè abụọ, nke ana achi achi nchebe nke ihu nwa anya si oké vitreous nsogbu. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ihe mgbochi na microorganisms na-adịghị ịdaba vitreous. Nke a na-egosi na-echebe ọrụ nke oghere.

ọrịa

Mere ngwa anya oghere anya ọrịa nwere ike ịbụ nnọọ iche iche. Nke a bụ a mebiri ya guzobere na mmepe, na mgbanwe nke ebe na na agba na-erukwa na nká ma ọ bụ dị ka a n'ihi nke unan. N'Ụzọ Kwekọrọ na ndiiche mmepe nke oghere, nke na-emetụta ya udi na agba.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, e dị otú ahụ a daa ọrịa, cataracts, ma ọ bụ clouding nke oghere. N'ihu na e nwere, dabere na turbidity mpaghara ndokwa, yikwasịkwara, nuclear, n'azụ na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke ọrịa. Cataracts nwere ike ịbụ ma congenital ma ọ bụ enwetara n'oge ndụ dị ka a n'ihi nke trauma, afọ metụtara mgbanwe na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ.

Mgbe ụfọdụ trauma na ewute eri bụ nke hụ na ezi ọnọdụ nke oghere pụrụ iduga ya ngafe. Na zuru yarn ezumike emee Ekwochapụrụ oghere, ele mmadụ anya n'ihu agbawa na-eduga ná subluxation.

Mgbaàmà nke oghere

Na afọ, ogo mmadụ ọhụụ na-ebelata, ọ na-aghọ ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike na-agụ na nso nso. Ngwa ngwa metabolism na-eduga ná mgbanwe ngwa anya Njirimara nke oghere, nke na-aghọ ihe na ok na obere uzo. The mmadụ anya na-amalite ịhụ ihe na-erughị iche, image mgbe tụfuru ya na agba. Mgbe na-emepe emepe a akpọ turbidity, visual acuity na-ukwuu belata, e nwere a cataract. Location turbidity emetụta n'ókè na ọnụego nke ebelata ọhụụ.

Age metụtara opacification amalite ogologo, ruo ọtụtụ afọ. N'ihi nke a mkpọchị ọhụụ onye anya nwere ike hụrụ maka a ogologo oge. Ma ọbụna n'ụlọ, ị nwere ike ikpebi na ọnụnọ nke cataracts. Iji mee nke a, i kwesịrị anya na a oghere mpempe akwụkwọ na otu, mgbe ahụ, nke ọzọ anya. Na ọnụnọ nke ọrịa ga-apụta na mpempe akwụkwọ bụ dull na nwere a acha tint. Ndị na-nsogbu a chọrọ a ìhè, nke na ha nwere ike ịhụ nke ọma.

Clouding nke oghere nwere ike mere site na ọnụnọ nke mbufụt (iridocyclitis) ma ọ bụ ruo ogologo oge iji ọgwụgwọ, nke nwere steroidal homonụ. Nnyocha dịgasị iche iche nwere gosikwara na na glaucoma anya clouding nke ngwa anya oghere bụ ngwa ngwa.

nchọpụta nsogbu

Diagnosis mejupụtara a ọhụụ ule na nnyocha owuwu nke anya na a pụrụ iche ngwa anya ngwaọrụ. Ophthalmologist nyochasiri size na Ọdịdị nke oghere-ekpebi ogo ya nghọta, ọnụnọ na ebe nke haze, nke iduga a ọnụ ke visual acuity. Mgbe oghere ọmụmụ bụ n'akụkụ Baịbụl hiwere isi n'ebe ìhè usoro nke nyochara n'ihu elu-ya nile, dị n'ime ka nwa. Ọ bụrụ na e nweghị ígwé ojii, na oghere adịghị anya. Ke adianade do, e nwere ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke nchoputa - ule na-ebute site ná ìhè, na-amụ ihe site na iji a nchawa oriọna (biomicroscopy).

Olee otú na-emeso?

Ọgwụgwọ bụ tumadi ịwa ahụ. Ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ ahụ n'agbụ enye dị iche iche tụlee, ma ha agaghị enwe ike ịlaghachi nghọta nke oghere, na anaghị ekwe nkwa ido nchupu nke ọrịa. Surgery bụ naanị usoro nke ana achi achi a full mgbake. N'ihi cataract ịwa ahụ nwere ike ji mee extracapsular mmịpụta na isi agịga Ma do na cornea. E nwekwara ihe ọzọ usoro - phacoemulsification na di ntakiri onwe-oru mbepụ. mwepụ usoro họrọ dabere na njupụta na opacity na ọnọdụ nke ụdọ. Ọ dịghị dị mkpa bụ ahụmahụ nke dọkịta.

Ebe ọ bụ na oghere nke anya-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro nke a onye, mgbe ahụ a dịgasị iche iche nke unan na-anaghị ekwe nke ọrụ ya na-eduga irreparable pụta. Ọ bụla ihe ịrịba ama nke impairment ma ọ bụ erughị ala na anya - ya bụ ime ka ozugbo ọgwụgwọ na nke dọkịta, onye ga-ịchọpụta ma nye iwu ndị dị mkpa ọgwụgwọ.