Ọgidigi azụ: bughi atụmatụ, na ụdị na-arụ ọrụ

The ọgidigi azụ bụ akụkụ nke Central ụjọ usoro. Na ahụ mmadụ ọ bụ maka moto-aghọ nkọ na nnyefe nke akwara esi gboo n'etiti akụkụ na ụbụrụ. ọgidigi azụ kpuchie ya, na-enye nchebe. Gịnị bụ atụmatụ na iche ha nwere?

Ọdịdị

vertebral arches etolite a uji eze, na-akpọ vertebral kanaal, na nime ya ka a ọgidigi azụ ọnụ na arịa na akwara mgbọrọgwụ. Ya elu akụkụ na jikọọ na medulla (isi ngalaba), na ala - na periosteum abụọ coccygeal vertebra.

Ọgidigi azụ anya dị ka a mkpa na-acha ọcha na oku, na ogologo nke nke mmadụ esịmde 40-45 sentimita, na ọkpụrụkpụ na-abawanye na ala elu. Ya elu bụ ubé concave. Ọ mejupụtara iri atọ na otu agba nke nke na-emi odude a ụzọ akwara mgbọrọgwụ.

The ọgidigi azụ kpuchie shells n'èzí. Inside na ọ nwere a isi awọ na-acha ọcha okwu, ha ruru dịgasị n'akụkụ dị iche iche. The isi awọ okwu nwere udi nke a urukurubụba, e nwere akwara cell ozu na ha Filiks mejupụtara a ọcha siri ike, nke bụ ndokwa na n'ọnụ.

The center ọwa na-emi odude awọ okwu. Ọ na-eme ndị cerebrospinal ọmụmụ (CSF), nke a na-nọgidere ekesa na ụbụrụ na ọgidigi azụ. Okenye, ọ bụ olu nke 270 milliliters. CSF emepụta ventricles nke ụbụrụ na-emelite 4 ugboro n'ụbọchị.

ọgidigi azụ

Atọ shei: ike, arachnoid adụ - ekpuchi ma isi na ndị ọgidigi azụ. Ha na-arụ isi ihe abụọ ọrụ. Echebe egbochi-ezighị ezi mmetụta nke n'ibu ihe na ụbụrụ. Trophic ọrụ metụtara ụkpụrụ nke ụbụrụ ọbara, ekele nke a rụrụ metabolism na arọ.

ọgidigi azụ na-ekewet nke connective anụ ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ. N'èzí e a ike shei, n'okpuru arachnoid na juu. Ha na-adịghị n'akụkụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ tightly. Ọ nwere subdural na n'etiti ndị subarachnoid ohere. Iji ọkpụkpụ azụ ha itinye efere na akwara njikọ, nke gbochie elongation nke ụbụrụ.

Shell ii na mmalite nke ọnwa nke abụọ nke nwa ebu n'afọ na mmepe. The connective anụ ahụ na-guzobere nural tube na-ekesa tinyere ya. Mgbe e mesịrị anụ ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ iche na-etolite elu na ime shei. Mgbe a mgbe n'ime shei ekewa nro na arachnoid.

ike shei

The elu shei mejupụtara a ike elu na ala n'ígwé. Ọ nwere a ike ike n'elu na nke na-ewekarị a plurality nke agbanye. N'adịghị ka a yiri shei na ụbụrụ, ọ na-adịghị abut tightly megide mgbidi nke vertebral kanaal na kewapụrụ ha site venous plexus, ọdụdụ anụ ahụ.

The ike shei nke ọgidigi azụ bụ oké fibrous anụ ahụ amamiihe. Ọ na-ekpuchikwa ụbụrụ n'ụdị ihe elongated cylindrical udi nke akpa. Ekpuchi sel (endothelium) nkejikotara a ala cladding oyi akwa.

Ọ encapsulates ọnụ na irighiri akwara, akpụ a oghere nke mụbaa, na-abịaru intervertebral foramen. Near isi shei na jikọọ na occipital ọkpụkpụ. Ọ na-asụchikwa ala na a mkpa eriri, nke a na-mmasị ka coccyx.

Blood-agabiga akwara shei jikọọ na thoracic na abdominal aorta. Venous ọbara abatakwa venous plexus. Shei bụ ofu na spinal kanaal site Filiks ke intervertebral foramen na fibrous tufts.

arachnoid

Oghere ekara ohere na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ejikọta ibé a siri ike ekewapụ na arachnoid akpụkpọ ahụ nke ọgidigi azụ. Nke ikpeazụ nwere n'ụdị a mkpa mpempe akwụkwọ, ọ bụ uzo na e dere fibroblasts (connective anụ ahụ emep uta eri na synthesize na extracellular matriks).

Arachnoid akpụkpọ ahụ nke ọgidigi azụ ọbọp glia - mkpụrụ ndụ na-enye nnyefe nke akwara esi gboo. O nwere dịghị ọbara arịa. Site arachnoid pụọ Filiks, filamentous trabeculae, ekwuo na ndị na-esonụ soft shei.

N'okpuru cover odude subarachnoid ohere. Inside o nwere cerebrospinal ọmụmụ. Ọ na-amụba na ala akụkụ nke ọgidigi azụ, na sacrum na coccyx. Na a n'olu region dị n'agbata itunanya na juu arachnoid membranes. Septum na gia njikọ n'etiti ụbụrụ akwara mgbọrọgwụ ofu ke otu ọnọdụ, n'ekweghị ka ọ akpali.

adụ shei

Ne shei soft. Ọ na-ekpuchikwa ndị ọgidigi azụ. E jiri ya tụnyere a yiri Ọdịdị na ụbụrụ, ọ na-atụle ihe inogide na oké. Soft shei nke ọgidigi azụ mejupụtara rụrụ anụ ahụ, nke e kpuchie na endothelial mkpụrụ ndụ.

Ọ nwere ihe abụọ mkpa n'ígwé n'agbata nke e nwere ọtụtụ ọbara arịa. On top oyi akwa, The Illustrated mkpa efere ma ọ bụ mpempe akwụkwọ na-dentate akwara na idozi shei. Iji n'ime akụkụ nke n'akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ nke glial mkpụrụ ndụ na-ejikọrọ ozugbo na ọgidigi azụ. Shei Nleta a n'ọbọ maka akwara na ya penetrates n'ime ụbụrụ na isi awọ okwu.

Soft shei bụ ugbu naanị na mammals. Ọzọ terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods) nwere nanị abụọ - ike na esịtidem. Na N'ezie nke evolutionary mmepe nke ime-ime shei na mammals e kewara na web na juu.

ọgwụgwụ

The ọgidigi azụ na-metụtara Central ụjọ usoro nke vertebrates, gụnyere ụmụ mmadụ. Ọ arụ ọrụ nke mpiaji na introducer. The mbụ N'ịdị-aghọ nkọ maka - .. Of flexion na ndọtị, kpatụ aka gaa na, wdg The abụọ ọrụ bụ na conduction nke akwara esi gboo n'etiti akụkụ na ụbụrụ.

Solid, arachnoid adụ shei-ekpuchi ọgidigi azụ si n'èzí. Ha na-arụ na-echebe na trophic (ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ) ọrụ. Shells kpụrụ connective anụ ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ. Ha na-iche site oghere n'etiti ha nke jupụtara mmanya - mmiri mmiri na-ekesa na ọgidigi azụ na ụbụrụ. A casing ejikọrọ n'etiti ezi emep uta eri na Filiks.