Ọkwa nke ihe na e ji mara ya: tebụl. Mark ihe ike

Concrete - a ihe onwunwe nke ukwuu na ina na oge a na-ewu. Ya iji na-ewu nke ntọala, mgbidi, tracks, àkwà mmiri, na na. D. Na nke ọ bụla kpọmkwem, ya mejupụtara ga-na etinyere. Ọ na-ekpebisi ike site na otu nzube nke ihe na ya na klas ma ọ bụ ika. Nke ikpeazụ a na-emekarị gosiri na ngwugwu.

ihe iche

Ugbu a, ndị na-esonụ akara ule nke ihe a nwere ike ga-eji na-ewu ụlọ na owuwu:

• superlight;

• ìhè;

• arọ;

• oké njọ.

Mix ihe na-arụpụtara iji dị iche iche iche iche nke fillers. Dị ka ụdị nke ikpeazụ na kpebisiri ika nke njikere ngwọta. The dịanyā ike ga-eji dị ka fechaa ihe (e.g., seramiiki ma ọ bụ sawdust) na arọ (ájá, ajịrịja nkume). Na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ itinye pụrụ iche pụrụ iche concretes. The dịanyā ha na-eji ígwè owu. Ngwọta dị otú ahụ a na-ewere dị oké njọ.

ọkwa nke ihe

Nke a na egosi na a kọwara na pụrụ iche laboratories empirically. Iji mara nke ika na-ihe mere na ya cube na a n'akụkụ ogologo 15 cm na-doro a ụfọdụ nsogbu. N'otu oge ahụ anya na-egosi nke compressibility.

Ugbu na ahịa, n'ebe ahụ na-ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro na-eji isi ụdị nke ihe. Na àgwà ha (lee table n'okpuru ọnọde ha n'ụzọ doro anya), na ngwa ga-atụle site anyị a obere ka e mesịrị. All ndị dị otú ahụ ihe onwunwe, e nwere asaa iche. Ọ denoted ọ bụla onuogugu na akwụkwọ ozi M, nke na-egosi a mgbali kgf cm² ihe onwunwe pụrụ idi. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ihe M200 bụ ike ịnọgide na-enwe ya ike n'ezi ihe n'okpuru a ibu nke 200 kgf / cm².

ihe na klas

Mark ihe ike ozugbo metụtara klas nke a ihe onwunwe. Otú ọ dị, nke ikpeazụ na nke a bụ uru nke ihe ezi na kpọmkwem. Mgbe niile, na àgwà nke okokụre ihe, na mgbakwunye na nke dịanyā na ciment ika, nwere ike na-enwe mmetụta na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, a ụdị na-adị ọcha nke dịanyā, na nragide na a Ịgwakọta na agbapụtara ụzọ, ndị solidification ọnọdụ, na na. D.

Mgbe na-ekpebi ihe na klas dabere na ya ika, nakwa dị ka mgbazi ihe. Ọ na-gbakọọ usoro:

B = R * (0,0980655 * (1 - 1,64 * V)),

ebe R - nkezi ike nke ihe onwunwe (stampụ)

V - ọnụọgụ nke mgbanwe.

Anyị chọpụtara na e nwere ihe dị otú ahụ dị ka a ihe ika. Na àgwà ha (table nke ozi-egosi n'ụzọ doro a), na akporo nke ojiji, ọtụtụ mgbe na-ekwekọ n'àgwà nke klaasị. Otú ọ dị, nke ikpeazụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ a gosiri bụghị kgf / cm², na onwa. 0.0980655 oke na n'elu usoro - bụ nnọọ a Transitional ọnụọgụ si otu unit ọzọ.

Ya mere, a na-ọkwa nke ihe ike na-emekarị kwekọrọ na a akpan akpan klas nke ya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, Otú ọ dị, nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ahụ n'ezie ike nke ihe a ịdị iche iche nnọọ ukwu. Na nke a, akara na klas ike-adịkwa. Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe ọkwa M200 ruru kwa elu quality simenti ma ọ bụ dịanyā nwere ike kwuru na dị ka B10 na B15 na-adịghị. Ihe ogugu egosi a ihe onwunwe nọ na klas na nke ike iji nagide a ụfọdụ nchegbu na MPa. N'ihi ya, ihe B25 enweghị mmerụ na-eburu a mgbali nke 25 MPa.

N'ezie, ọnụ ahịa ya na-adabere na klas ihe onwunwe. Ngwọta na a na-ere site na olu. Nke ahụ bụ, unit nke ụfọdụ n'ihi na nke price kpebisiri ike na ihe onwunwe, - kwa cubic mita. Ya mere, 1 m³ M100 klas ngwọta na-efu banyere 2,000 rubles., The M200 ga-eri ihe 2200 r., Ma M300 nwere ike zụta maka 3,500 rubles.

Nwekọrịta akara na klas

Na-arụ iche iche iche iche nke ọrụ owuwu mgbe mkpa ịmata ihe Njirimara dị iche iche ma ọ bụ na ụdị ihe ngwọta. Ọzọ, ka anyị lee anya ihe bụ àgwà nke na-kpọmkwem ụdị nke ihe. Àgwà ha (table nyere n'okpuru ga-bara uru n'ihi na ọtụtụ na-ewu ụlọ), na akporo nke ngwa, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, ọtụtụ mgbe-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi Njirimara nke a ụfọdụ klas.

ihe M100

N'ihi ya, anyị na-n'ozuzu na-ewere na-anọchi anya ọkwa nke ihe na e ji mara ya. The table-egosi na akporo nke ihe a na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ya ike ya. Ọzọ, ka anyị obibi ọzọ zuru ezu, otú ahụ kpọmkwem na-eji onye ọ bụla na klas. Ihe M100 ika, n'ihi na ihe atụ, kwa elu ike dị iche iche. Ya mere, ọ na-eji maka plasta mgbidi nke preparatory ọrụ site agbapụtara na-enwu n'okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-ewu nke ntọala. Na nke ikpeazụ ahụ, ihe a na-emepụta na-akpọ footing - a ewepụghị ebe nke mkwado onu arụnyere.

Ọtụtụ mgbe a na ihe a na-eji maka arịọnụ ndị kerbstone bụ n'okpuru akpan akpan ibu, agbapụtara na-emeghere tracks obere patency na t. D.

Akporo nke ngwa ihe M150 bụ banyere otu. The ihe onwunwe bụ nnọọ inogide maka erection nke owuwu ahụ na-anaghị ata ahụhụ nchegbu, ma, ọ bụghị pụrụ ịdabere maka agbapụtara "oké njọ" akpọkwa.

Mark M200

Concrete klas B15 na-emekarị mere nke ihe ala na screeds. Ọzọkwa, a ika ọma ruru eru na-jupụta obere steepụ, ụzọ, playgrounds na na .. Mgbe ụfọdụ ndị nwe suburban ebe wuru na-enyemaka nke a ngwọta, ọbụna n'okpuru ntọala nke ụlọ mgbidi mere nke ìhè na ihe. Otú ọ dị, ojiji nke ihe ika M200 n'ihi nzube a nwere ike ịbụ naanị na anụ Ona. Na nke a, n'ala mmiri ga-edina miri ezuru.

ihe M300

A ngwọta nke a mejupụtara - magburu onwe azịza nke ajụjụ banyere ihe ọkwa nke ihe maka ntọala na-arụ ọrụ kacha mma. Ọzọkwa na klas a nke ihe onwunwe na-emekarị isịn retaining mgbidi, steepụ na fences. Ọ bụghị ihe ọjọọ, a nhọrọ bụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka owuwu nke monolithic mgbidi nke ala-ịrị elu residential ụlọ na ezinụlọ ngwongwo. Mark M300 taa - kacha ewu ewu ụdị nke ihe nwe suburban ebe.

M350

Wet isi na ihe siri ike mgbidi - na ihe mere nke a na klas nke ihe (ihe na klas) na-bụ-eji. The table na-egosi na ihe ike dị otú ahụ dị ka na-eji maka n'ichepụta ihe-ngwaahịa. O nwere ike ịbụ ibé, slabs na na. D. Ke adianade do, M300 ihe a na-eji n'ihi na ejuputa screed na n'ala. Mgbe ụfọdụ, n'ihi na ọ na-mere na arụrụ n'ụlọ na a monolithic slab formwork.

ihe M400

Ọ dị nnọọ inogide ụdị ihe onwunwe na-eji tumadi na-ewu ụlọ na ihe pụrụ iche ụlọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ na-ajụ ke ogbe na web àkwà mmiri mere akụ safes, hydroelectric dam. The otu ihe na-eji maka mgbatị nke ọdịda airfields.

ozo na-egosi

Ya mere, ihe ndị kasị mkpa parameters - a ọkwa nke ihe na ihe na klas. Isiokwu ha correspondences egosi otú siri ike nwere ike ịbụ otu ma ọ bụ ọzọ mgbanwe. N'ezie, ikike idi a ụfọdụ ibu - ọ bụ ihe mbụ na-anya n'ihi na mgbe ị na-ahọrọ a ihe. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ndị ọzọ nhọrọ, ọ na-erughị ihe dị mkpa na-ekpebi ndị kwesịrị ekwesị nke ihe a kpọmkwem. Ya mere, e nwere ihe ọkwa bụghị naanị n'ihi na ike, ma na-egosi ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ntu oyi na-eguzogide, mmiri na-eguzogide ma ductility.

The ike nke ihe idi ala okpomọkụ

Na ọnọdụ nke etiti na n'ebe ugwu latitudes nke anwụ ngwa ngwa na ntụkwasị obi nke okokụre ihe owuwu na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ndị dị otú ahụ na-egosi dị ka ntu oyi. Na mbụ ika ngwọta na mpaghara ebe a na-ẹkedọhọde dị ka ihe MP3. Ugbu a ntu oyi na-eguzogide ihe na nkewa site na akwụkwọ ozi F. agba ọsọ mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akọwa karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kefriza na thawing cycles na ihe bụ ike idi enweghị ọnwụ mma.

Dị ka ike, ntu oyi na-eguzogide nke ihe nke a nyere mejupụtara kpebisiri empirically. Nyochaa samples serially. Na nke a tupu tụrụ ike nke ihe. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-doro ọtụtụ cycles nke akpụkọta / thawing. Na ikpeazụ ogbo nke ike ya kpebisiri ike ọzọ.

Ugbu emepụta ihe ụdị mmiri kpụkọrọ akpụkọ si F25 ka F1000. Na onwe ụlọ ewu kasị ukwuu iguzogide ala okpomọkụ kwesịrị, n'ezie, ihe maka mputa were.

Otú ọ dị, ịṅa ntị a na ọnụ ọgụgụ ga-bụghị naanị na ndị na-ewu ụlọ na oyi na-atụ na mpaghara, ma na-ewu mkpa owuwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka àkwà mmiri, mmiri airfield pavements, okporo ụzọ.

Stampụ maka mmiri na-eguzogide

Nke a na egosi dị mkpa ịtụle mgbe ị na-ahọrọ a ihe bu n'obi maka owuwu nke ụlọ na akụkụ, ejikwara na elu iru mmiri ọnọdụ. Mmiri na-eguzogide bụ ike nke ihe onwunwe na-adịghị agafe na-abata pressurized mmiri. Na nke a, e nwere dị iche iche nke ihe. Ya isi ụdị maka mmiri na-eguzogide na ise: W2, W4, W6, W8, w12. Na mbụ, iji chọpụta àgwà nke ihe na-eji maka nke a na-egosi akwụkwọ ozi B.

Digital W mgbe marking-egosi na ihe mgbali mmiri kọlụm ule sample bụ mmiri. Concrete anwale iru mmiri ekenịmde ke "mmiri tụrụ". Na omume, nke ọtụtụ ndị na-eji abụọ egosi nke mmiri na-eguzogide:

• The kacha mgbali nke mmiri, nke bụ ike nke na-akwado a sample-enweghị anya na ya elu leakage e ji mara.

• nzacha ọnụọgụ. Ya mere a na-akpọ ego nke mmiri na-abami n'ime ihe n'okpuru a ụfọdụ mgbali kwa unit oge.

Modern ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ọ bụghị nanị na ot, ma a pụrụ iche, haịdrọlik ihe. Nke a ihe onwunwe elu iguzogide mmiri. Mee ya rụpụta Portland ciment nke elu akara ule ma ọ bụ plasticized version. Ogo nke fillers pụrụ iche chọrọ. Ha ekwesịghị nwere ihe ọ bụla organic residues. The kacha allowable uru nke ọka iji na-emepụta haịdrọlik ihe kwesịrị 5 mm.

Stampụ nke plasticity

Nke a na ọnọdụ na-emetụta isi na workability nke ihe mix. Ụfọdụ ikpe, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nwere ike ịbụ nnọọ mkpa. Ka ihe atụ, maka pumping site pipelines ma ọ bụ agbapụtara owuwu iji Usoro a ga-eji zuru ezu flowable ihe.

Plasticity ngwọta na-abawanye, dị ka a maara, mgbe mmiri na-agbakwunyere. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ nke ukwuu, ihe na-efunari ike. Ya mere, na-amụba agagharị ngwọta taa iji pụrụ iche nwekwara - plasticizers.

Nke a ihe onwunwe e ji akwụkwọ ozi P. ekwenyere ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke ihe na nke a:

• PC1 - cone imikpu omimi bụ 1-4 mm.

• PC2 - 4-8 mm.

• PC3 - 8-12 mm.

• PC4 - 12-14 mm.

Kpebisie ike na plasticity dị ka ndị a:

• Gbamgbam cone mere si 200 mm obosara n'akụkụ n'obosara, a vertex n'akuku nke 30 degrees.

• The atọ nzọụkwụ jupụtara ihe mix ya na rammer.

• Boo ihe nọdụ cone na a ewepụghị elu.

• Lee otú ihe ga-anọdụ ala a ụfọdụ oge.

Ya mere, ịzụ a njikere ngwọta kwesịrị mbụ anya na klas nke ike ya. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na-ga-na-ahụ na ika nke ya mmiri na-eguzogide, oyi hardiness na agagharị izute ụfọdụ ọnọdụ. Na nke a, okokụre ewu nke a pụrụ ịdabere na-inogide.