Olee otú iji chọpụta ihe ike resistors. Power resistors ke ukem njikọ

All kọmputa ngwaọrụ nkejikotara resistors, bụ ha isi mmewere. Na ya, na-agbanwe ego nke ugbu a na eletriki circuit. Isiokwu ọnọde Njirimara nke resistors, na ike ha nke ngụkọta oge ụzọ.

oru resistor

Iji kpatụ ugbu resistors na-eji ọkụ na sekit na sekit. Nke a ihe onwunwe na-akọwa site na Ohm iwu:

M = U / R (1)

Site usoro (1) nwere ike ịhụ n'ụzọ doro anya na nta na-eguzogide, na ihe ugbu a na-abawanye, na ọzọ, nta R, nke ukwuu nke ugbu a. Ọ bụ nke a onwunwe nke electric-eguzogide na-eji na ọkụ eletrik. Na ndabere nke a usoro bụ ugbu a divider circuit ejikarị ke eletriki na ngwaọrụ.

Na nke a circuit ugbu a si na isi iyi na-kewara abụọ inversely proportional na resistances nke resistors.

Ọzọkwa ugbu Ịgbazi resistors eji na ndị voltaji divider. Na nke a, ọzọ iji Ohm iwu, ma na a ubé dị iche iche ụdị:

U = m ∙ R (2)

Site usoro (2) na-eme ka na-amụba na-eguzogide voltaji. Nke a ihe onwunwe na-eji na-ewu na sekit na sekit voltaji dividers.

Site esereese na Formula (2) ọ na-doro anya na voltaji gafee resistors na-ekesa ya dabere resistances.

Image resistors atụmatụ

Dị ka ọkọlọtọ resistors na-anọchi anya a rektangulu na akụkụ nke 10 x 4 mm na denoted site n'akwụkwọ ozi R. ike resistors na atụmatụ mgbe egosi. The oyiyi nke a na-egosi a rụrụ site kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ oblique dashes. Ọ bụrụ na ike nke 2 watts, utu aha ahụ na-eme na Roman n'ọnụ ọgụgụ. Nke a na-emekarị mere maka izipu resistors. Na ụfọdụ na-ekwu, n'ihi na ihe atụ na United States, ndị ọzọ na akara na-eji. Iji ikwado idozi na analysis atụmatụ na-e zoro aka na ike resistors, utu aha ahụ nke na-rụrụ dị na GOST 2.728-74.

Nka na ụzụ e ji mara ngwaọrụ

The isi e ji mara nke resistor - elu ọnụ na-eguzogide R _n, nke gosiri na esereese na-esote resistor na ya ụlọ. The unit ịtụ nke iguzogide - nke kilo na mega. Arụpụtara resistors na-eguzogide si fractions ọtụtụ narị ohms na megohms. E nwere ọtụtụ nke resistor mmepụta technology, ha nile nwere uru na ọghọm. Onwere, ọ dịghị technology nke ga-ekwe ka kpọmkwem na-emepụta resistor na a gaghị agara ndị na-eguzogide uru.

A abụọ mkpa e ji mara bụ nupụsịrị eguzogide. Ọ tụrụ na% nke elu ọnụ nso R. E a ọkọlọtọ impedance ndiiche: ± 20, ± 10, ± 5, ± 2, ± 1%, na na ruo a uru nke ± 0.001%.

Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa e ji mara bụ ike resistors. Na-arụ ọrụ na ha na-ewe iwe site na nke ugbu a na-agafe ha. Ọ bụrụ na ike dissipation karịa ndị allowable uru, mgbe ngwaọrụ ada ada.

Na kpo oku resistors ịgbanwe ha na-eguzogide, ya mere, maka ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na a dịgasị okpomọkụ nso, na ẹkenam ọzọ e ji mara - okpomọkụ ọnụọgụ nke ndị na-eguzogide. Ọ tụrụ na ppm / ° C, i.e. 10 ^-6 R _n / ° C (nde akụkụ nke R _n bụ 1 ° C).

Serial njikọ nke resistors

The resistors nwere ike jikọọ na atọ dị iche iche: Oghere Usoro, yiri na weere. Na usoro njikọ nke ugbu a alternately na-agba site na niile resistors.

Na nke a ugbu a mgbe ọ bụla mgbe onye nlekọta sekit bụ otu ihe ahụ, ọ nwere ike kọwaa site Ohm iwu. The impedance circuit na nke a bụ nchikota nke resistances:

R = 200 + 100 + 51 + 39 = 390 ohms;

M = U / R = 100/390 = 0.256 A.

Anyị nwere ike ugbu a chọpụta ike resistors na usoro njikọ, ọ na-gbakọọ usoro:

P = m ² ∙ R = 0,256 ² 390 ∙ = 25,55 watts.

N'otu aka ahụ, ndị fọdụrụ ike kpebisiri ike site resistors:

P ₁ = m ₁ ² ∙ R ² = ^0,256 = ^13,11 ∙ 200 W;

P ₂ = m ² ∙ R ₂ = 0.256 ² ∙ 100 W = 6,55;

₃ P = m ² ∙ R ₃ = 0,256 ² ∙ 51 = 3.34 W;

P ₄ = m ² ∙ R ₄ = 0.256 ∙ ² 39 = 2.55 watts.

Ọ bụrụ na ị ịgbakwunye ike resistors, ị na-zuru P:

P = 13,11 + 6,55 + 3,34 + 2,55 = 25,55 watts.

The yiri njikọ nke resistors

Ná mmalite nke yiri njikọ nke niile resistors ejikọrọ na otu circuit ọnụ, na nsọtụ - ọzọ. Mgbe ejikọrọ ugbu a alaka na-aga site na onye ọ bụla na ngwaọrụ. The ego nke ugbu a dị ka Ohm iwu, bụ inversely proportional na resistances na voltaji na niile ahụ resistors.

Tupu ị na-ahụ ugbu a, ọ dị mkpa ka gbakọọ ngụkọta conductivity nke resistors nke a maara nke ọma usoro:

1 / R = 1 / R ₁ + 1 / R ₂ + 1 / R ₃ + 1 / R _{= 1/200 + 4 1/} 100 + 1/51 + 1/39 = 0.005 + 0.01 + 0.0196 + 0.0256 0.06024 = 1 / Ohm.

Eguzogide - na inverse nke conductivity:

R = 1 / 0,06024 = 16,6 ohms.

Iji Ohm iwu, chọta nke ugbu a site na isi:

M = U / R = 100 ∙ 0,06024 = 6,024 A.

Ịmara nke ugbu a site na isi iyi ike jikọọ na ihe yiri ka resistors nke usoro:

P = m ² ∙ R = 6,024 ² ∙ 16,6 = 602,3 Watt.

Dị ka Ohm iwu nke ugbu a site na resistor na gbakọọ:

M ₁ = U / R ₁ = _100/200 = 0,5 A;

M ₂ = U / R ₂ = _100/100 = 1 A;

₃ M = U / R ₁ = _100/51 = _1,96 A;

M ₁ = U / R ₁ = _100/39 = _2,56 A.

Ubé dị iche iche usoro nwere ike gbakọọ ike resistors ke ukem njikọ:

P ₁ = U ² / R ^₁ = 100 _2/200 = 50 W;

P ₂ = U ² / R ^₂ = 100 ^_2/100 = 100 W;

P ₃ = U ² / R ^₃ = 100 _2/51 = _195,9 W;

₄ P = U ² / R ^₄ = 100 _2/39 = _256,4 watts.

Ọ bụrụ na ihe niile a na tinye, ị na ike niile resistors:

P = P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ + P _{= 50 + 4 100 + 195.9 +} 256.4 = 602.3 watts.

mbuaha compound

Scheme weere compound resistors nkejikotara zipụta ha n'usoro na n'otu oge yiri njikọ. Atụmatụ a dị mfe iji tọghata, dochie ukem njikọ nke a resistor na usoro. Dochie mbụ a na-eguzogide R ₂ na R ₆ na ha nkịtị R _2.6, na-eji usoro n'okpuru:

R _2,6 = R ₂ ∙ R ₆ / R ₂ + R _6.

N'otu aka ahụ dochie abụọ yiri resistors R _4, R _5, R a _4.5:

R _4,5 = R ₄ ∙ R ₅ / R ₄ + R _5.

N'ihi bụ a ọhụrụ, ihe dị mfe circuit. Ma atụmatụ na-egosi n'okpuru.

Power resistors na Scheme weere compound kọwara usoro:

P = U ∙ I.

Gbakọọ a usoro ndị bụ ndị mbụ voltaji gafee ọ bụla resistor na ịdị ukwuu nke ugbu a therethrough. Ị nwere ike iji ọzọ usoro iji chọpụta ike resistors. N'ihi na nke a usoro a na-eji:

P = U ∙ m = (m ∙ R) ∙ m = m ² ∙ R.

Ọ bụrụ na ị maara na ndị voltaji gafee resistor, mgbe na-eji a dị iche iche usoro:

P = U ∙ m = U ∙ (U / R) = U ² / R.

All atọ formulas na-eji na na omume.

Ngụkọta oge circuit parameters

Ngụkọta oge circuit parameters bụ ịchọta amaghị okwukwo na voltages niile alaka nke circuit òkè. Na nke a data, anyị nwere ike gbakọọ ike nke ọ bụla resistor a gụnyere ke circuit. Simple ngụkọta oge ụzọ e gosiri n'elu, na omume ọnọdụ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya.

Na ozugbo na sekit na sekit nkịtị njikọ nke resistors kpakpando na Delta, nke na-emepụta bukwanu isi ike na mgbawa. N'ihi na mfe dị otú ahụ na sekit na sekit mgbanwe ụzọ Star triangle e mepụtara, na Anglịkan. Nke a na usoro a na-e gosiri na esereese n'okpuru:

The mbụ atụmatụ nwere na ya mejupụtara nke a kpakpando jikọọ na nkeji 0-1-3. K ọnụ 1 jikọọ a resistor R1, na ọnụ 3 - R3, na ọnụ 0 - R5. Na nke abụọ circuit ejikọrọ na ọnụ 1-3-0 triangle resistors. Na ọnụ 1 ejikọrọ resistors R1-0 na R1-3, ka ọnụ 3 - R1-3 na R3-0, na ọnụ 0 - R3-0 na R1-0. Abụọ ndị a atụmatụ bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu Ẹkot.

Maka mgbanwe site na sekit mbụ na nke abụọ triangle na-gbakọọ resistors:

R1-0 = R1 + R5 + R1 ∙ R5 / R3;

R1-3 = R1 + R3 + R1 ∙ R3 / R5;

R3-0 = R3 + R5 + R3 ∙ R5 / R1.

Ọzọkwa mgbanwe na-ebelata ka ngụkọta oge nke yiri na usoro ejikọrọ resistors. Mgbe impedance nke circuit na-hụrụ, chọtara Ohm iwu nke ugbu a site na isi iyi. Iji a iwu, ọ dị mfe ịchọta okwukwo na niile alaka.

Olee otú iji chọpụta ike nke resistor mgbe achọta niile osimiri? N'ihi nke a, a maara nke ọma usoro: P = m ² ∙ R, n'itinye, chọta ha ike n'ihi na onye ọ bụla nke ya na-eguzogide.

Na mkpebi siri ike nke e ji mara circuit ọcha

mkpa na-anakọta a gaghị agara atụmatụ nke ezigbo akụrụngwa maka ibuo mkpebi siri ike nke chọrọ e ji mara ndị ọcha. Mgbe ahụ, na-enyemaka nke eletriki ngwa ịrụ niile dị mkpa nha. Usoro a bụ na-ewe oge na oké ọnụ. Mmepe nke electric na kọmputa ngwaọrụ na-eji maka nzube a simulators. Na ha na-mere niile dị mkpa mgbawa, na o yie nke omume nke circuit ọcha na ọnọdụ dịgasị iche iche. Naanị mgbe a na-aga a prototype nke a oru ngwaọrụ. Otu n'ime ndị a nkịtị omume bụ ike ịme anwansị nke Multisim 14,0 System National Instruments ụlọ ọrụ.

Olee otú iji chọpụta ihe ike resistors a usoro? Nke a nwere ike mere na ụzọ abụọ. Mbụ usoro - bụ tụọ ugbu a na voltaji na a voltmeter na ammeter. Amụba pụta nha, achọrọ ike na-enwetara.

Site na nke a circuit ekpebi ndị na-eguzogide R3 ike:

P ₃ = U ∙ m = 1.032 ∙ 0,02 = 0,02064 W = 20,6 mW.

The abụọ usoro - a kpọmkwem n'ihe nke ike-eji ike mita.

Site na nke a circuit ọ na-egosi na ndị na-eguzogide R3 bụ hà ike P ₃ = 20.8 mW. The ndiiche n'ihi na njehie na mbụ usoro ihe. N'otu aka ahụ, ike nke ndị fọdụrụ ọcha na-kpebisiri ike.