Guzobere, Sayensị
Peter Kuzmich Anokhin, Academician: A Biography, onyinye sayensị
Ọkà mmụta sayensị-physiologist nke XX narị afọ , Peter Kuzmich Anokhin - academician, nchoputa nke ama na nkà mmụta sayensị na ụlọ akwụkwọ, nchoputa nke ọhụrụ alaka nke sayensị nke ụbụrụ, nke ghọrọ ndị obu ụzọ nke cybernetics - arahụ, ahụkarị a Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị.
"A mụrụ m na ndagwurugwu"
Ọ na-echeta na nna ya na nne amaghị akwụkwọ na aka abụọ obe. Ọ bụ n'etiti ndị bi na ndagwurugwu - kasị proletarian nke Tsarina. Ebe a, na ndị ezinụlọ a ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọrụ na omumu nke Academician Anokhin. A mụrụ ya - January 27, 1898. Nna - Kuzma Vladimirovich - a n'azụ na taciturn nwoke - si Don Cossacks. Site nne - Agrafena Prokofyevna, okoto Penza ógbè - ọ na a na; na awuasara agwa, na isi mma nke nwa okoro ahụ ghọrọ a ọchịchọ ịmata na ọchịchọ maka ihe ọmụma.
Tupu mgbanwe, ọ na-n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị - gụsịrị akwụkwọ a technical akwụkwọ (1914) na-abatakwa n'ala Gọọmenti, agronomic akwụkwọ na Novocherkassk. Ikebịghike enye anọchi anya na ya onwe ya mmasị na ndu sayensị, na ihe ọmụma nke onye, akpan akpan na ụbụrụ ya. Ọ malitere inwe mmasị na nkà mmụta sayensị na ndị e ji amụ banyere isiokwu a, na-ekwu na ndị nkụzi nke eke sayensị, nke nwere ike ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ na-enye a ntụziaka ya obrazovatelskih achụso.
Member nke Civil War
Proletarian si Anokhina mere maka a eke akụkụ ke revolutionary ihe ndị mere 1917, na mgbe ahụ na Civil War na n'akụkụ nke Bolsheviks. N'oge Cossack nsogbu ke February 1918 Tsaritsyn bụ n'ihe ize ndụ, na nwa okorobịa ahụ na-azara ọnụ ya - a họpụtara soja nke mkpara na ndị na-ewu nke agha e wusiri ike. Na 1920, ọ bụ ifịk ke Communist nduhie - ghọrọ kọmishọna nke Press na Novocherkassk na ijikwa nchịkọta akụkọ nke a isi akwụkwọ akụkọ Don District - "Red Dawn."
E na-egosi a oké njọ talent dị ka onye edemede, nke mgbe nile a gasịrị Academician Anokhin. Peter Kuzmich dere ọtụtụ ndị editorials na a ọtụtụ isiokwu a akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ha na; na asụsụ ihe atụ dọtara uche nke Ndị mmadụ Commissar of Education AV Lunacharskogo akwaa mkpọsa njem n'ihu. Ọ chọrọ izute na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ, na e nwere a nzute, nke nwere maka ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị-ezumike omume. Anokhin gwara Ndị mmadụ Commissar ọchịchọ ya na-amụta na ihe mmasị na Ọdịdị nke ụbụrụ mmadụ, nke ọ nọgidere na n'oge niile oké ihe ná mba ahụ.
School spondylitis
N'oge na-adịghị wee a akwụkwọ ozi nke rịọrọ izipu Anokhina na-amụ ma ama ọkà mmụta sayensị - Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, gawa site na State Institute of Medical Knowledge na Petrograd. Na 1921, Peter Kuzmich abịa na-amụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Dị ka o dere mgbe e mesịrị Anokhin, academician Bekhterev mere isi ihe maka ya - niile kegide ụwa, eluigwe na ala na nkà mmụta sayensị nsogbu - omimi nke ụbụrụ mmadụ, mgbe ndị mbụ N'ezie dọtara a nnyocha.
N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, na-amụrụ Anohin na-aghọta na ọ na-adịghị na-adọta mgbaka - isi ntụziaka nke na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ nke spondylitis. Ọ na-ahụ ya dị ka oke unspecific na sị na i kwughị, na a na-egosipụta naanị na ụdị ngwaa. Ọ na ihe dọtara na physiology nke ụbụrụ, ohere na-amụ ya site mwube nwere ikwenyere ihe pụta. Mgbe isi ikike na mpaghara ebe a bụ Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Ọ bụ na ya lab na n'ime 1922 Anokhin. Academician Pavlov adọta na-eto eto ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe ịchọpụta na esịtidem mgbochi - na kacha dịrị warara nke ozizi oyi na-aghọ nkọ.
Kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na-eso ụzọ Pavlov
Egwu nke conventionalism na sayensị, izere otu kwadoro echiche, zere ìsì igbaso otu nkwubi okwu, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ akụkụ nke a yiri adabako Ozizi - mere kụziiri ya ọrụ oké physiologist. Ya mere, mgbe na 1924 bipụtara otu isiokwu bụ "On Dialectical ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya na nke uche nsogbu", nke na ụfọdụ ndị òtù nke Pavlovian laboratories hụrụ mgbalị na isi ndokwa nke ozizi oyi na-aghọ nkọ, na-ede akwụkwọ nke nke bụ Anokhin, academician onwe ya gbachiteere-eto eto ọkà mmụta sayensị.
On nkwanye nke Pavlov Anohin mbụ ghọrọ a lecturer na Department of physiology nke Leningrad Institute of zootechnical na mgbe prọfesọ nke Medical ngalaba nke University of Nizhny Novgorod. Na ndabere nke a ngalaba e tọrọ ntọala Gorky Medical Institute, ebe ke Ngalaba nke physiology na-amalite ya onwe ha na nkà mmụta sayensị na pedagogical ọrụ Anokhin. Academician, onye biography dịwo jikọtara Gorky, ekpe ihe akara na ihe mere eme nke Institute na gburugburu obodo ahụ.
Institute of Na Medicine
Mgbe Department of physiology nke Gorky Medical Institute, nke Anohin ghọọ otu n'ime ndị kasị mma na mba na 1932 ọ guzobere alaka nke All-Union Institute of Na Medicine, onye director na ghọrọ Anokhin.
Na 1935 ọ nọ na-agafere na-arụ ọrụ na VNIEM Moscow dị ka isi nke ngalaba nke neuroscience, nke ọ na-na-na-arụsi ibuo ọmụmụ nke elu ụjọ ọrụ. Ọ na-akọwaputa nmkorita na-adakarị oru, nke enịmde nkwonkwo research na practitioners, neurologists na neurosurgeons. The results nke ndị a ọmụmụ keere òkè dị mkpa n'oge Anokhina na nsogbu nke agha unan nke elu ụjọ usoro n'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.
The alụ maka ịdị ọcha nke na nkà mmụta sayensị na usoro
Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ nke mba sayensị na-ekwu na wepụ Anokhina si isi obodo na mpụta - ke ahụ Nizhny Novgorod, e mepụtara na ụzọ nke Pavlov, ịzọpụta ya site na-apụghị izere ezere na-achụ nke oke onwe ha echiche na omume. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ideological alụso eju Anokhina mkpebi ịkwụsị ịkwụ party dues ka n'afọ ofufo ịdọrọ si ọzọ. O chere na-elekọta ọrụ nwere ike ịkwụsị ya na ihe ọmụmụ sayensị.
Iguzosi ike n'ihe ha na isi ndokwa nke Pavlovian Ozizi kwusara na Anohin-amụrụ na academician Anokhin. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ụka na ihe kasị ojoo anụ ụlọ sayensị me ndị kpe nke nketa nke oké physiologist, bụ onye nọ na udi nke immutable eziokwu bụ otú hiere kpọlite ndị echiche kwupụtara Pavlov dị ka obere ka o kwere omume inferences ma ọ bụ echiche na-adịghị emetụta ọdịnaya na ndaba nke bụ isi postulates nke ozizi.
The na mmeri nke Soviet physiology
Mgbe e mesịrị, o chetara a ọtụtụ na ama Pavlovian nnọkọ - a nkwonkwo nzukọ nke Academy nke Sciences nke USSR na Academy nke Medical Sciences nke USSR na ama ebe ke ndaeyo 1950. On ya, ndị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ọ e doro nhicha ahụ Soviet physiology. Ọtụtụ na-eduga ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-akwanyere ùgwù na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, doro mkpagbu obi ọjọọ n'ihi na "ndiiche si ozizi nke Pavlov" na mmasị maka bourgeois idealistskimi ebe nke n'ahụ sayensị. Nsogbu tara ahụhụ ndị kasị nso na-ekwesị ntụkwasị obi na-eso ụzọ nke Pavlov - L.Orbeli A. Speransky, I. Beritashvili, L.Shtern. Ike na-akatọ na àgwà ndị na-egosipụta Academician Anokhin. Peter Kuzmich, onye biography e jikọtara ya na ha melite na 1944 site na Institute of physiology na Academy nke Medical Sciences nke USSR, E wepụrụ na-edu ndú, na ruo 1953 - tutu Stalin - a prọfesọ nke Department of physiology, Medical University na Ryazan.
Isi na nkà mmụta sayensị onyinye
Ozizi nke ọtọ systems - eke N'ihi nke mmepe nke Pavlovian Ozizi. Nke a ozizi e kweere n'ọtụtụ ebe isi na nkà mmụta sayensị rụzuru, ya kasị mkpa onyinye sayensị nke ụwa banyere ụbụrụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ kọwaa ahụ dị mkpa Filiks n'ihi na ịdị na ya nke pụrụ iche onwe mkpakọrịta na òtù na-arụ ọrụ na-enyemaka nke nural na humoral (mụụrụ site oke mmiri) ụkpụrụ.
Ndị dị otú ahụ na usoro na-ezo dị ka onwe-nduzi, n'ihi na e-aga n'ihu mma. The N'ihi nke ndị dị otú ahụ na usoro na-aghọ a akparamàgwà-eme ihe, n'ihi na nke na e nwere ihe inverse afferentation ntule - nzaghachi. Nke a echiche bụ isi na sayensị nke ụzọ nkwadebe, nyefe, nchekwa na mgbanwe nke ọmụma - Cybernetics. The nna a sayensị - Norbert Wiener - kpọrọ oké ọrụ, na-ede akwụkwọ nke nke bụ Academician Anokhin. Photo mere n'oge a na nkwonkwo ije na Wiener Anokhin nke Moscow, ghọrọ ihe nnọchianya nke ịdị ná mma abụọ sayensị.
Ndu chepụtara nke mmetụta uche, chepụtara nke wakefulness na-ehi ụra, agụụ na satiety usoro nke esịtidem mgbochi - nsogbu ndị a Anohin-arụsi-adịbeghị anya. Ọ jikọtara ya nnyocha na nzukọ-eme nke anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ na nkà mmụta sayensị na ọha mmadụ, na-ekere òkè akụkọ mbadamba nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, wdg
PK Anokhin gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụzọ ndụ March 5, 1974, na-ahapụ a aha ọma n'ihi na ha na ụmụ mmadụ na àgwà na oké nkà mmụta sayensị na-nketa.
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