Photosynthesis na osisi na ya atụmatụ

osisi photosynthesis bụ a mgbagwoju anụ ahụ-Biochemical usoro nke osisi tọghata akpa ike, bụ nke dị na anyanwụ ụzarị n'ime chemical ike ndị e ji organic ogige. Ndabere nke usoro a bụ a yinye redox chemical Jeremaya mere, dị ka a N'ihi nke a electrons na-agafere si onyinye-mbenata gị n'ụlọnga, nke bụ hydrogen, na mmiri, na acceptor, bụ ihe oxidant. N'ụdị a carbohydrates na O2 tọhapụrụ n'oge ọxịdashọn mmiri.

Photosynthesis osisi nwere ihe abụọ consecutive nzọụkwụ. The akpa ogbo a na-akpọ ìhè (photochemical). Mgbe a na ogbo, ndị kwantum ìhè ike converted n'ime chemical ike maka njikọ elu-ike ogige, nakwa dị ka a eluigwe na ala reductant. Na nzọụkwụ nke abụọ, inwe aha ọchịchịrị (metabolic) enwetara site chemical ike nke a na mbenata gị n'ụlọnga na a eluigwe na ala ngafe loop maka fixation na Mbelata carbon dioxide, adịru carbohydrates na-guzobere. photosynthetic usoro ekewapụ ìhè na ọchịchịrị nzọụkwụ bụghị naanị na oge ma na-na ohere. Light ogbo na-ewe ebe a pụrụ iche ume akakabarede thylakoid membranes, mgbe ọchịchịrị Jeremaya-ebe ma na chloroplast stroma, ma ọ bụ na cytoplasm.

Photosynthesis na osisi respiration dabeere na absorption nke ìhè quanta, ebe isi ọrụ na-egwuri site chlorophyll absorption ụdịdị dị iche iche nke na-agụnye anya region, na proximal thereto òkè infrared na ultraviolet mpaghara. Isi ink niile osisi na-ebu photosynthesis bụ chlorophyll a. Green algae, mosses na vaskụla osisi ndị ọzọ na chlorophyll b, nke gbatịrị ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ìhè etinye obi gị dum. Ufodi algae nwere chlorophyll c na d. Ke adianade chlorophyll, na usoro nke ìhè absorption nwekwara idem carotenoids na phycobilins.

Mgbe absorption nke ìhè emee photochemical nzọụkwụ nke na-aka abụọ na ụdị photosystem m na II (PS1 na PS2). Onye ọ bụla n'ime APS mejupụtara mmeghachi omume center, ebe ụgwọ nkewa emee, electric iga yinye, ebe elektrọn ọxịdashọn, na a set nke mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na Filiks nke photooxidation nke mmiri na imu nke mmeghachi omume center. Na mmeghachi omume emmepe nke ìhè kwantum ike converted n'ime chemical, na mgbe ahụ electrons akpali dị ka grajentị nke electrochemical nwere, emejupụta ndị elektrọn iga yinye nke photosynthesis.

Photosystem II ụdị anamde photooxidation mmeghachi omume nke mmiri, si otú akpụ oxygen na protons H +. Parallel photosynthetic elektrọn iga usoro-ewe ebe proton nyefe si chloroplast n'ime intrathylakoid mpaghara. Ihe Jeremaya mere na-emepụta NADPH na ATP, nke bụ isi ihe na ngwaahịa nke photosynthesis. Ọzọkwa na photosynthesis nke osisi kasị nke enzymatic mmeghachi omume nke carbon dioxide enwetara site na ndi na-edozi, carbohydrates na abụba. Ọ bụrụ na ndị gbara ọchịchịrị na-abụghị carbohydrate metabolism nwere directivity, kpụrụ amino asịd, organic ogige na-edozi.

Metabolic Filiks maka CO2 fixation ụdị na-ekewa n'ime C3, C4 na cam photosynthesis. N'ihi ya carbohydrates, nke na-guzobere na ọchịchịrị ogbo nke photosynthesis na chloroplasts nwere ike debe n'ụdị starch ogige ụzọ ọpụpụ na chloroplast na-etolite ọhụrụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi nke ike maka metabolic Jeremaya mere.

osisi photosynthesis-eji naanị 1-2 percent nke etinye obi gị dum ìhè ike. Siri nke usoro nke photosynthesis -emetụta spektral mejupụtara na osisi ike nke ìhè, okpomọkụ, na mmiri ọgwụ osisi na ịnweta oriri na-edozi, ịta nke CO2 na O2, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi ihe.