Plastics ụlọ ọrụ: technology, akụrụngwa

Plastic ihe maka gara aga 10-15 afọ, a dịgasị iche iche nke ebe, nke ike-eji na ha na ngwaahịa. Onwe ya, nke sịntetik ihe onwunwe na-aga site a oge nke oké ụzụ mgbanwe, dapụtara na ndị na-ewu ihe ahịa jupụtara ọhụrụ amụma. Ịpụta ihe ọ na ezinụlọ composites nke chụpụ na ọla, na osisi.

N'aka nke ya, na nhazi nke plastik a iji nwetere ohuru na, ọtụtụ ihe, a ọzọ zuru okè na okwu nke arụmọrụ nke ihe onwunwe na-adịghị otú akpali. Oke eji ụdị technology nwere ike recreate gara aga sịntetik Ọdịdị. Ma ọrụ a na-agu n'onye ezi omume mgbere osisi maka ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ, gụnyere gburugburu ebe obibi na ego.

Types of plastic wastes

Technology enye 4 udi nke plastic n'efu, nke e nwere ike doro sekọndrị nhazi. Nke a bụ isi odnosortovye plastik n'ụdị scrap na n'efu ozugbo, nke nwere ike uka yiri na chemical mejupụtara. The abụọ na udi - mmeru odnosortovye plastik nhazi nke ga-abụ isi ọcha-technology eme. Ìgwè nke atọ mejupụtara mbuaha plastic n'efu na a ọdịnaya nke ndị mba ọzọ okwu.

Na isi, ọzọ ahụ na-anọchi anya otu ofufe, metal ma ọ bụ simenti ọcha nke na-achọ tupu ọgwụgwọ. Ọzọkwa, usoro iwu ntọala nke plastik nhazi, na-enye oke otu raznosortnyh plastic ihe. Na nke a, ọ bụghị nanị na mbuaha plastic ahụ na ndị ọzọ na-atọ ndị ọzọ n'ichepụta ma ọ bụ ụlọ ihe, ma na-dị iche iche owuwu plastik onwe ha.

Nhazi ọkwa nhazi ụzọ

The isi nhazi ọkwa nkà na ụzụ ga-enye kpọmkwem ịkpụzi ngwaahịa na ịkpụzi nke ọkara okokụre ngwaahịa. N'ihi na-atụ nhazi, mgbe otu a nwere ike ekewet polymerization ụzọ, kọntaktị ịkpụzi, broach na udu mmiri asọfe, na sputtering. Popular ụzọ nke ịkpụzi na plastic mmepụta nke ọkara okokụre ngwaahịa. Site ntụziaka nke nkà na ụzụ nke nhazi ụzọ na-agụnye ọgwụ ịkpụzi, extrusion, imetụta prepregs na premixes. Ọzọkwa, imegharị ihe maka iji nke plastik bụ physico-chemical na n'ibu.

Fọrọ nke nta niile n'ibu ụzọ nke nhazi lekwasịrị anya egweri ọcha n'efu sochiri inweta a homogeneous uka. Otu ihe dị mkpa dị iche n'etiti otu a ụzọ bụ na dapụtara ngwaahịa adịghị iche ha physico-chemical Njirimara nke ngwaọrụ. N'ụzọ dị iche, physico-chemical ụzọ dabeere na teknụzụ umuihe isi Ọdịdị nke ahụ ihe onwunwe, n'oge nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na arụmọrụ nwetara umi.

Shredding nke plastik a technology ọzụzụ

Nke a bụ a nkịtị ọrụ ke nhazi ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-emetụta ọ bụghị nanị na-arụ ọrụ na plastik. Dabere na chọrọ nke ikpeazụ nta maka nwoke nkeji na-ejikọrọ. Ọ nwere ike na-akpọ a eluigwe na ala igwe akàrà na ịghasa ozu n'ibu ihe.

Na-arụ ọrụ, na-akara na-abịa n'elu plastic uka site disk efere pellet na esemokwu usoro. Dị ka a na-achị, iji abụọ efere, otu onye nke na-ekwusi ike a ofu ala. The egweri nhazi n'efu plastik n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-adabere na àgwà nke nne.

Ike ihe na-eji crusher igwe, onwem na-egbutusị nke dị iche iche shapes. Work na plastic n'efu n'ụdị a film na rụrụ ihe mwute ụzọ. Ihe atụ, na ihe integrated akara, n'ime nke na-nyere akara mgbakọ, igweri na granulation. Ozugbo n'ibu egweri nsogbu na nke a rụọ ọrụ cutlery ọcha.

Technology n'efu nkewa

Part nke a na ogbo a na-ejikọta ya na nke preparatory ọcha na-elu-ọtùtù, nke ugbua na e kwuru n'elu. Otú ọ dị, nkewa usoro dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ ọzọ ọtụtụ na-ejedebeghị na na akwa nke unyi. The isi na-eduzi nkewa mgbe egweri dị ka ezi ndị nsogbu dị iche iche mfe amenable ka nkewa si mba ọzọ ahụ. N'ihi ya, nkewa nke bụ isi ka bụ ikewa iberibe plastic si metal. N'ihi nke a, ígwé na na akpa eriri igwe n'ime n'usoro drum aghụghọ nke lekwasịrị ihe onwunwe bụ loaded.

N'oge adiana, obere ọcha nke na agba na nwa metal n'azụ plastic na mmepụta site pụrụ iche ọwa. Ọ amama mbụ nhazi nke plastik, nke enwekwu homogeneity nke ha mejupụtara. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị dị otú a nkewa akụkụ onwe ya na-efu na plastik. N'ozuzu, nkezi nke ọnwụ anaghị gafere 1%. N'ihi decontamination nke eji ulo oru tankị asa ihe. Ịsa gburu ahụ ẹkenịmde n'okpuru tap, nke a na nri n'okpuru elu nsogbu. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mma irè nke usoro na mmiri kwukwara solvents.

onye nhazi

Iche nhazi n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ bụ nanị ota plastic abatakwa ọrụ ebe, njikere gụnyere agwakọta kwesịrị ekwesị Ọdịdị maka ọha mmadụ. The otu nhazi a rụrụ n'ime ụzọ dị iche iche, ma isi extruder a na-ewere. A pụrụ iche echichi na kposara na hopper loading ewe shredded plastic, na-agbaze ya na site na extruder onunu na mmepụta akara. Na ikpeazụ ogbo nke ntọhapụ, dabere na igwe, ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịgbanwe afọ nke plastic tọhapụ. Usoro akụrụngwa na ogo mkpakọ, nke na-enye ohere iji họrọ ezigbo ogologo nke worm iji hụ na zuru ezu homogenization.

Dị otú ahụ imegharị ihe maka iji nke plastik a na-ewere ka ìgwè ewu na, na okwu nke ịnọgide na-enwe arụmọrụ e ji mara nke ihe onwunwe, ma ọ pụtaghị na ọ ga-ugboro ugboro ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. Eziokwu ahụ bụ otu na otu plastic umi nke a technology nwere ike esichara ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 3-4 ugboro, dabere na ngwa na ọnọdụ. Ekemende uka zigara imegharị ihe maka iji akara na miri chemical nhazi.

plastik nhazi technology enweghị nkewa

Wezụga na-adọ nkewa na-ọcha nke n'efu plastik mere na kpọmkwem nke ha n'ihu nhazi technology. Nke a a na-tinye n'ọrụ agbaze ígwè ọrụ na ngwa maka calendering ihe onwunwe. N'ihi ya, na mmepụta ọnọ njikere iji ogwe, efere na Ibé akwụkwọ nke plastic. Nke a ntụ ihe onwunwe na a isiike Ọdịdị, nke ndị mejupụtara nwere nnukwu ọnụọgụ nke adịghị. N'ihi na ọdịnaya ndị ọzọ mbelata àgwà nke plastic ahụ, na gburugburu ebe obibi ịdị ọcha. N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị plastik nhazi enweghị nkewa nke dị iche iche ala na-eri na n'ebe ụfọdụ na-enye ezigbo oru e ji mara ihe.

Nhazi site ọgwụ

Iji ebuli imegharị ihe maka iji usoro e mepụtara na ụzọ ọzọ iji belata na-eri nke mmepụta. multicomponent mgbatị technology bụ a version of amị a jikọtara mmepụta. Ya kachasi mkpa bụ na, site na-akpụ multiple etoju na-emepụta a atọ-akụrụngwa ngwaahịa. Ya ndabere na-cheap plastic dabeere na otu raw bekee, na-agbaso site uka nke nkezi larịị nke àgwà. N'aka nke ya, nke dị ná mpụta n'ígwé kpamkpam peeled environmentally friendly mejupụtara, nke e ji mee ihe maka nhazi plastik Extruder.

Production nke plastic ihe dabeere multicomponent ịkpụzi Usoro a rụrụ, huu Itie nke n'efu site na ọtụtụ ọwa. Site n'ụzọ, n'ihi na n'ime ime n'ígwé na-bụghị mgbe niile na-eji bụ plastic. Ha na-abụkarị dị ọnụ ala karịa dochie ihe, nke na-agụnye barium sulfate, talc, egbuke, na na. D.

Mgbanwe nke plastic wastes

Ọ dịghị mkpa imegharị ihe maka iji kwesịrị ilekwasị anya na-ahụ ịrụ ọrụ na bughi Njirimara na ndị bụ isi e ji ngwaahịa. Nke a nzọụkwụ ga-emepe mbara ohere maka mgbanwe nke ihe owuwu site ewebata pụrụ iche nwekwara. Ka ihe atụ, imegharị ihe maka iji nke plastik na mgbakwunye na nke ethylene copolymer mma iguzogide n'ibu nchegbu na elasticity. Ọ bụrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ a mgba ọkụ na-banyere ke Ọdịdị nke ịkwanyere, ọ bụ omume na-gbakọọ na-amụba mmetụta eguzogide.

Equipment maka nhazi

Pụrụ iche igwe e mere ịrụ nhazi na zuru okirikiri mode, abụghị nke ukwuu. Na Russia, n'ihi na ihe atụ, mara maka mwube Reverzer si Japanese ụlọ ọrụ Mitsubishi. Nke a bụ ihe atụ nke ukwuu extrusion igwe nyere na kposara na a degassing ngwaọrụ. Mara ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ na British ngwá maka plastik nhazi, nke ngosi uru EPG echichi. Ọ bụ otu ụlọ ọrụ na-enye otutu ụzọ egweri ihe mkpofu site extrusion igbu ịkpụzi.

Olee otú ịhọrọ ezigbo usoro ọgwụgwọ?

Ị ga-akpa ga-enyocha ihe aga-eme nke ga-ada n'ihu ama tọhapụrụ ngwaahịa. Nke a ga-ekwe ka ibido kọwaa na na mkpa nke nkewa, na ekwe omume ojiji nke modifiers. Ihe kacha na ọnụ ala usoro bụ otu ụzọ na-na nhazi nke plastic na ngwaahịa, nke na-amịpụta elu àgwà fencing, flooring ihe, mkpuchi ogwe, na na. D. Technology maka nhazi nke emeso plastik na-na-eduzi ndị na-ụdi ntọhapụ nke plastic nkwakọ.

ọgwụgwụ

Sịntetik nhazi ụlọ ọrụ wastes taa karịsịa mkpa na na ina dị iche iche ọrụ. Inweta ihe ọnụ na ndị bara uru ngwaọrụ na a ala na-eri - na isi na-akpali nke sonyere na a ahịa. Na Russian oru nke ụlọ ọrụ bụ ma dị ka mepụtara dị ka Europe. Of kasị mepụtara nwere ike mata ma nhazi osisi "Plarus" plastik, nke na-agba ọsọ site na 2009 ka nkà na ụzụ atụmatụ nke ọrụ a na-agụnye iji ihe a oge a usoro nke imegharị PITA karama. N'otu oge inweta ọkụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ, onye ọ bụla n'afọ enwekwu ya mmepụta nke arụgharịrị plastic na ụdị dị iche iche.