Polyethylene - ihe bụ nke a? The ojiji nke polyethylene

Gịnị bụ Pee? Gịnị bụ e ji mara ya? Olee otú bụ mmepụta nke polyethylene? Nke a bụ a-akpali nnọọ mmasị ajụjụ na a ga-atụle n'isiokwu a.

ozi izugbe

Polyethylene - a chemical umi nke bụ a yinye carbon atọm, ọ bụla nke na-ejikọrọ na abụọ ụmụ irighiri nke hydrogen. N'agbanyeghị na nke otu mejupụtara, ma e nwere abụọ nsụgharị. ha dị iche na ha mebere atumatu ma, mmọdo, Njirimara. Nke mbụ bụ a linear agbụ ígwè nke ogo polymerization karịa ndị index nke puku mmadụ ise. The abụọ Ọdịdị - a branching nke 4-6 carbon atọm na na-mmasị ka isi yinye site na-ezighị ezi usoro. Dị ka ihe ndepụta nwetara site linear polyethylene? Nke a na-enweta site n'iji pụrụ iche akpali, nke na-emetụta ndị polyolefins na agafeghị oke okpomọkụ (ruo 150 degrees Celsius) na nsogbu (ruo 20 atmospheres). Ma ihe ọ bụ? Anyị maara ya chemical Njirimara, na nke na-ahụ n'ụzọ anụ ahụ?

Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

Polyethylene - a thermoplastic polima, nke crystallization usoro a rụrụ na okpomọkụ nke na-erughị mwepu 60 degrees Celsius. Ọ bụghị uzo na a oké oyi akwa na-adịghị wetted site mmiri, organic solvents na ụlọ okpomọkụ na-adịghị emetụta. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ karịa 80 degrees Celsius, na ọkọ a rụrụ mbụ, wee ire ere ka aromatic hydrocarbons na halogen emepụta. Polyethylene - a umi nke na-alanarị oghom mmetụta ngwọta nke asịd, salts na alkalis. Ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ karịa 60 degrees Celsius, ọ pụrụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa gbarie nitric na igirigi ibu sulphuric asịd. Maka bonding polyethylene ngwaahịa ha nwere ike esichara oxidants, sochiri ngwa nke ndị dị mkpa bekee.

Olee otú bụ mmepụta nke polyethylene?

N'ihi nke a:

• Method nke elu-mgbali (ala njupụta). Polyethylene na-kere na elu nsogbu, nke bụ na nso site na 1 000 3, 000 atmospheres na okpomọkụ nke 180 ogo Celsius. Ka oxygen omume dị ka ihe initiator.
• Method ala nsogbu (elu njupụta). Na nke a, polyethylene na-kere na a mgbali nke dị na ala ise atmospheres na a okpomọkụ nke 80 degrees Celsius na-eji ihe organic mgbaze na Ziegler-Natta akpali.
• Na iche iche bụ linear polyethylene mmepụta okirikiri, zoro aka n'elu. Ọ bụ n'etiti n'etiti mbụ na nke abụọ ihe.

Ọ ga-kwuru na nke a abụghị naanị teknụzụ na-eji. Ya mere, ezi ọsọ na ndị ọzọ bụ ojiji nke metallocene akpali. The a pụtara technology bụ na site na ya nweta bukwanu arọ nke polima, si otú amụba n'ike nke ngwaahịa. Dabere na ụdị ihe owuwu na Njirimara ndị dị mkpa mgbe eji a monomer, na a na-eji họrọ a usoro nke n'ikuku. Ọzọkwa, o nwere ike imetụta agbaze okpomọkụ chọrọ, anwụ ngwa ngwa, ekweghị ekwe na njupụta.

Gịnị mere e nwere ike dị iche?

Isi ihe mere ndị dị iche iche nke Njirimara - ya branched macromolecules. N'ihi ya, ibu ya bụ, ala na elu crystallinity polima elasticity. Mere nke a ji dị mkpa? The eziokwu na n'ibu Njirimara nke polyethylene na-eto eto na ya njupụta na molekụla arọ. Ka anyị lee a ngwa ngwa atụ. The polyethylene mpempe akwụkwọ nwere bukwanu rigidity na nghọta. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji ala-njupụta usoro, na n'ihi ihe onwunwe ga-dịtụ mma mgbanwe na ikwu ọhụhụ site na ya. Gịnị mere ọ na-emepụta dị otú ahụ a dịgasị iche iche iche iche? N'ihi na dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ. Ka ihe atụ, polyethylene si anagide ujo ibu. Ọ na-anabata ntu oyi. The ọrụ okpomọkụ nso nke a onwunwe - si -70 ka +60 Celsius. Ọ bụ ezie na onye stampụ na-emegharị maka dịtụ iche grajentị - na site na -120 ka +100. Nke a na-enwe mmetụta njupụta nke polyethylene na ya Ọdịdị na molekụla larịị.

The specificity nke ihe onwunwe

Ọ ga-kwuru otu drawback - ngwa ịka nká nke polyethylene. Ma nke a na-adị mfe kwụsị. Mụbara ọrụ ndụ na-enweta site pụrụ iche nwekwara, antioxidants, na a ọrụ nke nwere ike na-eme carbon nwa, phenols ma ọ bụ amines. Ọ kwesịkwara-kwuru, Otú ọ dị, na ala-na-njupụta ihe onwunwe ọzọ viscous, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe esichara n'ime ngwaahịa. Ọ bụghị banyere, na ọkụ Njirimara. Polyethylene n'ihi na ọ bụ a na-abụghị pola polima bụ a elu mma elu ugboro dielectric. N'ihi nke a mgbe nile na ọnwụ tangent site ubé na-agbanwe agbanwe iru mmiri mgbanwe, okpomọkụ (na nso -80 ka +100) na ugboro nke electric ubi. N'ebe a, anyị kwesịrị iburu otu atụmatụ. N'ihi ya, ọ bụrụ na na polyethylene na-mkpali residues, ọ enhances dielectric ọnwụ tangent, nke na-eduga ná a na-arịa ọrịa nke na-egbochi ihe Njirimara. Ọfọn, anyị na-now n'ozuzu ọnọdụ e enyocha. Ugbu a, ka ntị kpọmkwem.

Gịnị bụ elu njupụta polyethylene?

Nke a na-agbanwe ìhè crystallizable ihe onye okpomọkụ na-eguzogide bụ na nso site na -80 ka +100 degrees Celsius. Ọ nwere a onwunwu n'elu. Vitrification amalite mgbe -20. A agbaze - na nso 120-135. E ji mara bụ ezi mmetụta ike na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide. njupụta polyethylene budata emetụta dapụtara Njirimara. N'ihi ya, na ọ na-etolite ike, stiffness, ekweghị ekwe na chemical-eguzogide. Ma n'otu oge mbelata ọchịchọ gbatịa na permeability na gas na gbazee. Ọ ga-kwuru creep na-adị n'oge ruo ogologo oge ibu. Dị otú ahụ polyethylene bụ biologically inert, na ọ nwere ike mfe recycled. Nke bụ nnọọ uru na ụwa nke oge a. Na-ekwu okwu banyere iji polyethylene, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ọ na-eji maka imewe nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa na containers. Ya mere, banyere a atọ nke mmepụta na-aga ike a akpa igbu ịkpụzi, nke na-eji na-emepụta ihe oriri, ihe ntecha, akpakanamde, n'ji, ike ubi na fim. Ma, ọ pụrụ ịchọta mgbe na-eke tube na anwụrụ akụkụ. Otu ihe dị mkpa uru nke a na ihe onwunwe bụ ya anwụ ngwa ngwa, ala na-eri ma na udo nke ịgbado ọkụ.

Low njupụta polyethylene

Nke a na-agbanwe ìhè crystallizable ihe onwunwe na a okpomọkụ na-eguzogide (ibu ọ bụla) ke nso site na -120 ka +90 degrees Celsius. Properties nwekwara ike dabere na njupụta nke dapụtara ihe onwunwe. N'ihi ya, ọ na-abawanye nke ike, ekweghị ekwe, isi na chemical-eguzogide. Ọnụ na a polyethylene ọkpụrụkpụ njọ na-emetụta mmetụta ike, elongation, ịgbawa-eguzogide ma na permeability na gas na gbazee. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ ọ dị iche iche akụkụ nkwụsi ike na budata-ezighị ezi mmetụta na dịtụ ala ibu. Ọ ga-kwuru n'ezie elu chemical-eguzogide ma na ndị magburu onwe dielectric e ji mara. Si na-ezighị ezi - na a polyethylene bụ ndị ọjọọ na abụba, mmanụ na ultraviolet radieshon. Bayoloji inert, nwere ike mfe recycled. Ọzọkwa ka ji dị ka eguzogide radieshon. Ngwa nke elu-njupụta polyethylene nwere ike hụrụ ọtụtụ mgbe na-eke technical, nri na-akọ ugbo na fim. Ọ bụ ezie na, n'ezie, ọ bụghị ya bụ nanị nhọrọ.

linear polyethylene

Ọ bụ ihe na-agbanwe ihe onwunwe crystallizes. Ọ nwere ike idi okpomọkụ ruo 118 degrees Celsius. Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa uru nke a na ihe onwunwe bụ ya iguzogide cracking, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na mmetụta ike. Ọ na-eji maka n'ichepụta nchịkọta, containers na containers. Gịnị awade Pee? Ihe e ji mara nke a na ihe onwunwe dị nnọọ elu tụnyere ndị tupu art kwadebere site usoro nke ala nsogbu. N'ihi ya, ọ a mara ezigbo mma onwunwe. Ma, ka, dị ka a na-achị, ọ na-apụghị-apụta na a elu-mgbali polyethylene.

Dị ka ọ nwere ike na-anọchite anya ihe?

Ya mere, anyị na kpuchie bụ isi ụdị nke polyethylene. Na ihe n'ụdị na ọ kere? The kasị ewu ewu na - a polyethylene mpempe akwụkwọ na film. A iche-iche nwere ike arụpụtara site ọ bụla ihe njupụta. Ezie na ọ ka e nwere ndị ụfọdụ na-amasị. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na mmepụta nke mgbanwe, na mkpa fim na-n'ọtụtụ ebe na ala nsogbu obibia. The obosara nke nwetara ihe onwunwe, a na esịmde 1400 mm, ogologo - 300 mita. Linear ala njupụta polyethylene na ndị ọzọ isiike, Otú ọ dị, ha na-eji maka owuwu nke ga-emetụta site na: otu Ibé akwụkwọ, guzobere na kpụrụ isiokwu na na.

ọgwụgwụ

Ndien ke akpatre, tinyekwara usoro iwu akwụkwọ, dị ka nke na-emepụta polyethylene. GOST 16338-85 maka mmepụta nke na-kere na ala nsogbu. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọzọ na 1985. GOST 16337-77 achịkwa metụtara elu-mgbali polyethylene. Ọ bụ ọbụna ihe ochie na ụbọchị laghachi 1977 afọ. Ndị a normative akwụkwọ nwere ihe ọmụma banyere ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ihe si nke na-arụpụtara na film, nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ndị ọzọ dị iche iche na ngwaahịa. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-kwuru a dịgasị iche iche nke ngwa nke ngwaahịa nwetara na ya na umu di iche iche. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, dị nnọọ nkịtị mesikwuru polyethylene film. Ha peculiarity bụ na maka otu ọkpụrụkpụ bụ n'ubu n'elu ha Njirimara karịa ot ngwaahịa n'omume. Nke otu mesikwuru polyethylene fim ka tablecloths, akpa na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ bara uru ihe. Ha Njirimara-enwetara site na iwebata pụrụ iche yarns si eke ma ọ bụ eri.