Researchers na Africa na ha oghere

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-echeta onyinye mere ka mmepe nke ọdịdị ala na-eme nnyocha Africa. Ha chọpụtara kpamkpam gbanwere echiche nke Dark Continent.

The mbụ ọmụmụ na Africa

Onye mbụ a njem gburugburu Afrika e rụrụ dị ka n'oge dị 600 BC. e. na-eme nnyocha nke Ijipt oge ochie na iwu nke Pharaoh Necho emi akakarade. African ọsụ ụzọ gara na Afrika na chọpụtara na-amaghị n'ala a.

Na na Middle Ages, a akụkụ nke ụwa malitere ime ka mkpa na Europe, bụ nke mere ka ifịk ahia na Turks, resold na a nnukwu na-eri Chinese na Indian ngwongwo. Nke a kpaliri European ụgbọ mmiri na-agbalị ka ha chọwa ụzọ India na China na iji gbochie Turkish mediation.

African na-eme nnyocha ahụ pụtara, ma ha chọpụtara mmetụta dị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa. The mbụ njem haziri site na Portuguese Prints Genri. N'oge mbụ njem ụgbọ mmiri chọpụtara Boyador akwa, bụ nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Africa. Researchers kpebisiri ike na nke a bụ ndịda nke Chile. Modern ọkà mmụta kweere na Portuguese nanị egwu nke nwa natives. Europe kweere na anyanwụ nọ na nghọta ala n'elu ala ọhụrụ, ndị obodo ahụ ọkụ na nwa.

Portuguese Korol Huan II onwem a ọhụrụ njem, edu Bartolomeo Diaz, na Cape nke Good Hope chọpụtara na 1487 - a ezigbo ndịda nke Chile. Nke a chọpụtara nyeere na Europe na-edu ụzọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mba. Na 1497-1499 Vasco Da Gama mbụ ruru India we laghachi na Portugal.

Systematize ihe ọmụma nweela ga-enyere table "Researchers na Africa", n'okpuru.

Mgbe nke a chọpụtara, Europe wụsara n'ime Africa. Na narị afọ nke 16 ọ malitere ahịa ohu, na nke 17 ọtụtụ ebe nke nwa kọntinent jide na colonized. Freedom chebekwara nanị Liberia na Ethiopia. Na narị afọ nke 19 malitere ifịk nnyocha na Africa.

David Livingstone

Scottish nchoputa nke Africa David Livingstone ahụ bụ nke mbụ European ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ịga nke ọma n'ebe ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu ịgafe Kalahari Desert. Ọ kọwara desert odida obodo, ndị obodo ahụ na - onye mbịarambịa-Tswana biri na-awagharị awagharị bushmen. Na n'ebe ugwu nke Kalahari ọ hụrụ gallery ọhịa na-eto n'akụkụ osimiri anoghi n'ulo oba, na zubere inyocha isi osimiri nke Africa.

Ọzọkwa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-amụ ọdọ Ngami, River Zambezi, ka a kọwara nke Bushmen ebo, na bakalahari Makololo na chọpụtara Lake Dilolo, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ runoff nke-azụ ndị Congo na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Zambezi. Na 1855 ọ meghere a nnukwu nsụda mmiri, nke na-aha mgbe British Queen Victoria. Livingstone ghọrọ oké ọrịa na-adịkwaghị na n'ihi na a mgbe. Ọ hụrụ na njem Genri Morton Stenli, na ọnụ ha enyoba Lake Tanganyika.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ya raara nchọpụta nke Africa, bụ onye ozi na a humanist, gbalịrị ịkwụsị ahịa ohu. Scientist nwụrụ n'oge otu nke ya njem ndị mmadụ merela.

Mungo Park

Mungo Park mere abụọ njem ndị mmadụ merela na Black Continent. Ebumnuche bụ ka na-amụ na West Africa, karịsịa n'ime ime, na isi mmalite nke osimiri Gambia na Sinegal. Ọ bụkwa na-achọsi ike na nzube ya bụ ka kpọmkwem ebe nke obodo nke Timbuktu, nke Europe na ruo mgbe ahụ naanị nuru site na obodo.

Nkwado njem were Dzhozef Benks, bụ ndị na-mbụ njem nke James Cook. The mmefu ego dị nnọọ umeala - na 200 pound.

The mbụ njem a na-eme na 1795. Ọ malitere na ọnụ nke Gambia, ebe ọbụna mgbe e nwere ndị na-English mmezi. Site na otu nke ha, a na-eme nchọpụta na atọ na-enyere aka gbagooro Gambia. The Pisani ọ na-amanye ka ha kwụsị ruo ọnwa abụọ, dị ka ịba.

Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gara n'ihu ruo na Gambia na ya tributaries NERICA, tinyere n'ebe ndịda nke Sahara, ebe ọ e weghaara. A ọnwa ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị ọkà mmụta sayensị lanahụrụ na ruo Osimiri Naịja. N'ebe a, o mere a chọpụtara - Niger abụghị isi iyi nke Gambia na Senegal, ọ bụ ezie na tupu na Europe kweere na ọ na-ekewa. Ụfọdụ oge na-eme nchọpụta aga Nigeria, ma ọzọ ọrịa ma laghachi na ọnụ ọnụ nke Gambia.

Nke abụọ njem bụ onwem mma, 40 ndị mmadụ na-ekere òkè ya. Ebumnuche bụ ichoputa Niger River. Otú ọ dị, njem bụ kụrụ afọ n'ala. N'ihi ọrịa, na clashes na ndị obodo na Bamako bu ike inwe naanị 11 mmadụ ndụ. Park wee iledo, ma tupu gara zigara otu nnyemaaka ha nile ndia. African na-eme nnyocha na-bụghị mgbe niile ike na-alaghachi n'ụlọ site ize ndụ ebe. Park e gburu na nso nso obodo Busa, na-agba ọsọ ndị obodo.

Genri Morton Stenli

English African nchoputa Genri Morton Stenli - ama njem na odeakụkọ. Ọ gara na search of efu Livingstone esonyere a detachment nke natives na hụrụ ya oké ọrịa na Ujiji. Stanley me ọgwụ, na n'oge na-adịghị wee Livingston mmeghari. Ha enyoba ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri Tanganyika. 1872 ọ laghachiri Zanzibar na dere a ma ama na akwụkwọ, "Olee otú m hụrụ Livingstone". Na 1875, Bilie a nnukwu ìgwè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ruru ọdọ Ukereve.

Na 1876, na a detachment nke 2,000 ndị, bụ nke kwadebeworo eze Uganda, Genri Morton Stenli gaa ọtụtụ, ofu map nke Lake Tanganyika, chọpụtara Lake Albert Edward, ruru Nangve, enyoba osimiri Lualaba na dechara ihe njem ọnụ na Congo River. N'ihi ya, o gafere Afrika site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Travel ọkà mmụta sayensị kọwara n'akwụkwọ "Site Dark Continent."

Vasiliy Yunker

Russian na-eme nnyocha na Africa mere a oké onyinye n'ọmụmụ Black Continent. Vasiliy Yunker Ẹda dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eduga na-eme nnyocha nke Upper Nile na ugwu nke Congo Basin. Njem ya, ọ malitere na Tunisia, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Arabic. The ihe nke nnyocha ọkà mmụta sayensị họọrọ Equatorial nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Africa. Gara site Libyan desert, osimiri Berak, Sobat, ọrụ, jute, Tonzhi. Mitt gara mba, Kalika.

Junker ọ bụghị nanị na chikọta a obere collection of ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Ya cartographic ọmụmụ ha mezuru, o mere nke mbụ map nke elu esịmde nke Nile, nwekwara a ọkà mmụta sayensị kwuru na ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, karịsịa nju apes chọpụtara amaghị anụmanụ - shestokryla. Bara uru ma ethnographic data, nke na-anakọtara Juncker. Ọ weere a dictionary nke Negro ebo nile, ọ kpọkọtara a ọgaranya ethnographic collection.

Yegor Kovalevsky

The na-eme nnyocha wee kọntinent Africa na na òkù ndị ọchịchị obodo. Egor Petrovich Kovalevsky jụrụ na-abịa Egypt obodo viceroy Muhammad Ali. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eduzi n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Africa, dị iche iche geological ọmụmụ chọpụtara placer gold ego. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-ekwu na ọnọdụ nke isi iyi nke White Nile, ọ na-amụ na zuru ezu na-mapped a nnukwu ebe nke Sudan na Abyssinia, kọwara ndụ nke ndị dị iche iche nke Africa.

Alexander Eliseev

Aleksandr Vasilevich Eliseev ẹkenịmde ke Afrika ruo ọtụtụ afọ, site na 1881 ka 1893. Ọ enyoba ugwu na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Africa. Ọ kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu ọdịdị nke ndị bi na Tunisia, Oké Osimiri Uhie na ala esịmde nke Nile.

Nikolai Vavilov

Soviet na-eme nnyocha mgbe gara Africa Ọchịchịrị Continent, ma n'etiti ha Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov guzo kasị. Na 1926, o mere a isi sayensị njem. Ọ enyoba Algeria, Biskra Oasis na Sahara desert, ugwu n'ógbè Kabylia, Morocco, Tunisia, Somalia, Egypt, Ethiopia na Eritrea.

Botany mmasị isi eri ego nke akuku ntoputa. A otutu oge o jikwa Ethiopia, ebe ọ na-anakọtara karịa puku mmadụ isii na ụdị nke na-emezu osisi na hụrụ banyere 250 ụdị wheat. Ke adianade do, a ọtụtụ ozi banyere ọhịa na osisi e nwetara.

Nikolai Vavilov gara gburugburu ụwa, ịgagharị na-achịkọta osisi. o dere "ise," a akwụkwọ banyere ya njem.