Retarder - ihe ọ bụ? Retarder - retarder

Retarder. Ihe ọ bụ, ọ bụghị ihe niile doro anya dị nnọọ si na aha. Na English, okwu pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "onye njikwa oge". Ọ na-eji dị iche iche ubi nke sayensị na ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaọrụ, nkeji ma ọ bụ bekee inhibiting eruba Ọnọdụ nke a usoro. Banyere ubi nke n'ibu injinịa retarder na-ezo aka a na ngwaọrụ na-arụnyere na ugbo ala na ebumnuche nke selata ọsọ nke ha ije enweghị ma ọ bụ na ele mmadụ anya n'ihu were nke isi braking system.

Ebe bara uru onye njikwa oge?

The mkpa iji inhibitors n'ihi na eziokwu na na ọnọdụ nke inwe nchekasị na isi breeki usoro pụrụ ịdabere na arụmọrụ nke ikpeazụ na-budata belata, nke nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na nchekwa. Dị ka a na-achị, nke a na-emetụta oké ọrụ gwongworo, na ụgbọ okporo ígwè, nke-akpali na ihu nke mgbe nile na-ascents na agbụrụ na ugwu ụzọ.

Ka anyị tụlee ezigbo ọnọdụ, nke na-enyere na-akọwa ihe mere e ji a retarder. Na-agbada ugwu, na-akwọ mgbe niile nwere ịkụda ịnọgide na-enwe a mgbe nile na-agba. Nke a ruo ogologo oge ibu na esemokwu breeki usoro na-eduga ná ya ekpo oke ọkụ na akaghi-eyi. Ke akpa idaha na-eji oké ọnụ ahịa oge na ụgbọ elu, na-ekwe ka ajụkwa nke brek nke abụọ - na-amụba ọnụ akụkụ maka idozi na mmezi nke ụgbọala.

The mkpa chọta ihe ọzọ deceleration isi iyi na-enwe mmetụta eziokwu na na ikike na ọsọ gwongworo na-amụba kwa afọ. Ka ihe atụ, nnukwu ugboala ịkwụsị site a ọsọ nke 80 km / h achọ 4 ugboro ukwuu braking ike karịa ihe nke aka ya na-akwụsị si 40 km / h. Ọ bụ ike na-na-ekweta na ịbụ dị na ịmara otú e si eji retarder, onye na-akwọ na-ele ndị ọzọ obi ike na calmer.

Site n'akụkọ nke retarder

Ihe kacha mkpa nnọchiteanya ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke retarder nke mepụtara bụ German ụlọ ọrụ Voith. Mgbalị itinye echiche na-eme site na a onye njikwa oge kemgbe nke abụọ nke narị afọ gara aga, na ya nke mbụ ya iji maka mmepe ya natara ke mbubreyo 50s si a isi emeputa nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè locomotives. Ke ọma ẹkụre nke oru ngo na 1961, Voith emepụta ikewapụ ya unit, nke a ụbọchị specializes nanị ntọhapụ retarders.

Mgbe afọ asaa gasịrị, Voith aghụghọ nyere site na nchoputa nke mbụ Setra retardants maka wheeled ugbo ala. N'ihi ya Setra chọrọ budata dịkwuo larịị nke nchekwa nke iga nke njem ha bọs. A ọhụrụ mmepe si Voith zutere na-atụ anya na malitere nweta ewu ewu n'etiti ndị ọzọ automakers. Site na njedebe nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ọkwọ ụgbọala nke arọ ugbo ala nwere bụghị naanị a n'ozuzu echiche nke ihe a retarder na gwongworo na bọs, ma ifịk ifịk na-eji igwe na ha kwa ụbọchị ọrụ.

The dịgasị iche iche nke moderators

Iji na-agụnye retarders na engine braking, na iyuzucha breeki. Otú ọ dị, okwu ahụ bụ "retarder" a na-eji ọtụtụ onye mmadụ nkeji, nke na-arụnyere na mbanye akụ nke engine ma ọ bụ nnyefe. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke retarders. Ka ha na-ekewa n'ime isi na nke sekọndrị, dabere na echichi na saịtị. Primary ndokwa PPC, na nke sekọndrị - mgbe. Na isi retarders otu drawback bụ ugbu. N'oge nke ịmafe nnyefe anaghị emekọ nnyefe, na breeki ike na wiil kpamkpam. Dị ka ụkpụrụ nke retarders na-ekewa n'ime hydrodynamic na electrodynamic.

The hydrodynamic retarder

Karịa ndị ọzọ na arọ ugbo ala nwere ike izute hydrodynamic retarder. Gịnị ọ bụ na otú o si arụ ọrụ, ọ ga-adị mfe mfe ịghọta ndị na-emehe na akpaka nnyefe ngwaọrụ. Ndabere nke hydrodynamic retarder na ụkpụrụ nke a ọmụmụ njikọ. Structurally, igwe mejupụtara abụọ wiil na naa pupụtara ewekarị na a nkịtị ụlọ ọ bụla ọzọ. Otu wheel na-ọnwụ ofu n'ime, na nke abụọ, nke a na-ejikọta ya na ụgbọala aro bụ ike bugharia.

Ozugbo mgbe retarder mbara n'etiti pupụtara jupụtara mmiri mmiri. The centrifugal ike aa n'oge adiana nke rotor, nēche ka ha chụpụ ya atugharị, mgbe stator vane emetụtakarị usoro a na-enye a nzaghachi retarding mmetụta. Na anya ala, mgbe ọmụmụ na retarder ụlọ n'ebe ahụ, pupụtara bugharia kpam kpam na-adịghị emekọ.

N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, mmanụ a na-eji dị ka na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ. Na ụfọdụ nkeji na ọkọnọ nke mmanụ bụ onwe ẹdude, na ụfọdụ - jikọtara nnyefe lubrication usoro. a ịrịba ego nke okpomọkụ a na-eme n'ime usoro nke retarder. Dị ka iwu nke umu ihe nche nke ike, na traction oge nke na-amịkọrọ retarder, na-ghọrọ ka ikpo na-akpọlite ndị okpomọkụ nke na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ. Ya mere, maka oru oma okpomọkụ nyefe retarder na jikọọ na isi circuit nke engine jụrụ usoro.

Electrodynamic retarder. Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

On a yiri ụkpụrụ ọrụ na electrodynamic retarder. Gịnị ka ọ bụ na otú o si anagide ya ozi, ọ pụrụ ịghọta site akwụkwọ kwuru na iwu nke electrodynamics. The ngwaọrụ nwekwara a rotor na a stator, na braking torque eme ka a n'ihi nke ha na mmekọrịta. Nke ahụ bụ nnọọ mmiri mmiri akụkụ na electro-ndọta-arụ moderators. Mgbe ịmafe na batrị ugbu a aga n'ime retarder stator electric asọfe akpụ na ndọta nke rotor-agbagharị. Abụrụ Eddy okwukwo ike a ubi na ncherita-na site na a stator na a rotor enweta retarding torque.

Dị ka hydrodynamic retarders ịrịba ego nke okpomọkụ n'oge ọrụ. Ekpo oke ọkụ na ndị a aggregates iduga belatara arụmọrụ na mezue ya ọdịda. The ojiji nke mmiri mmiri jụrụ na akpa retarder maka doro anya na ihe mere, na-esi ike. Ya mere, ngwaọrụ Ọdịdị na-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke na-echebe megide ekpo oke ọkụ. Wheel mere ndokwa na rotor pupụtara, nke mgbe na-agba gburugburu na-emepụta airflow dissipating eme okpomọkụ. Ọzọkwa electrodynamic retarders na-nyere na ugbu a ịgba tụkwasị usoro bụrụ na nke ekpo oke ọkụ.

Intarder na akvatarder

The n'elu bụ isi iche retarders. On ha ndabere, ndị na-emepụta na-eke ọhụrụ ụdị retarders na ike ga-akpọ ihe ndị kasị elu oge gboo ụdị. The ZF ụlọ ọrụ, na European ahịa ndú mmepụta nke akụkụ na nnyefe akụkụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ka ike retarder n'ime ebe nnyocha na-akpọ nke a intarder ọnụ.

German Voith, n'aka nke ya, na-na na na na ọnọdụ nke retarder na ụgbọala na mejupụtara nke na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ. One of nmepe - akvatarder - retarder, nke atọrọ n'ihu engine na-eji mmiri nbelata ịjụ oyi ka a na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a retarder onye na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ mba dị iche iche n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ hydrodynamic ngwaọrụ agaghịkwa kwesịrị amanye jụrụ, nke budata simplifies imewe na ebelata Ewepụ Ihe Mgbochi arọ.